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rtM  1 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  1 


OUT  WEST 


PER. 
•  COPY 


LOS  ANGELES,  fAL. 

M>IS0N  OPERA  HQI^SE 


Create  a  New  Skin  with 

Anita  Cream 


Nothing  better  for  Removing  Tan  and  Freckles 

SO  Cents  a  Jar 

Of  all  druggists  or  from 


LOS  ANGELES.  CAL. 


GOVERNMENT 


Irrigation  now  under  con- 
struction in  Glenn  County. 
The  cheapest  Alfalfa  and 
Orange  land  in  California. 
The  Central  Irrigating 
Canal,  the  largest  in  Calr- 
f  ornia  now  ready  to  furnish 
water  to  all.  Our  oranges 
are  ripe  one  month  earlier 
than  southern  California. 
^  Write  for  prospectus. 


W.  £.  GERMAIN 

p.  O.  Box  65 

Willows,  Glenn  Co.,      California 


SINALOA  LANDS 

In  Sinaloa,  Mexico,  2  days  from  Los  Angeles,  Delta  of  the  Fuerte  River.  Every- 
thing ^reen  all  the  year.  Water  and  R.  R.  transportation.  Fine  climate,  extremely 
fertile  soil.  German  colony  within  a  mile.  50  Americans  within  25  miles.  6500 
acres  in  lots  of  100  acres  at  $10  an  acre.  $25  down  and  $10  per  month.  Also  2500 
acres  near  Bamoa,  10  miles  to  R.  R.,  8  miles  to  gulf.  Rich  soil,  hardwood  timber. 
Farms  of  56  to  175  acres.  Same  price  and  terms.  Also  2,000,000  acres  of  coast,  foot- 
hill and  timber  lands  at  $2  to  $25  per  acre.  Mines,  little  and  big.  Call  and  see  our 
ejfhibit  of  Mexican  products.     Write  for  bookl.et. 


The  West  Mexico  Co. 


529-531  Byrne  Building 


Los  Angeles 


NAVAJO      BLANKETS 

AND    INDIAN     CURIOS    AT    W^  H  O  L  E  S  A  L  E 

I  have  more  than  250  weavers  in  my  employ,  including  the  most  skilful  now 
living,  and  have  taken  the  greatest  pains  to  preserve  the  old  colors,  patterns, 
and  weaves.  Every  blanket  sold  by  me  carries  my  personal  guarantee  of  Its 
quality.  In  dealing  with  me,  you  will  get  the  very  finest  blankets  at  wholesale 
prices.  I  also  handle  the  products  of  the  Hopi  (Moqui)  Indians,  buying  them  un- 
der contract  with  the  trading  posts  at  Ream's  Csunyon  and  Oraibi  and  selling 
them    at   wholesale. 

I  have  constantly  a  very  fine  selection  of  Navajo  silverware  and  jewelry, 
Navajo  "rubies"  cut  and  uncut,  peridots  and  native  turquois.  Also  the  choicest 
modern  Moqui  pottery,  and  a  rare  collection  of  prehistoric   pottery. 


J.    L    HUBBELL,   ■"<■»"   trader 


Write  for  my  Catalogue 
and  Price  List 


Ganado,  Apache  Co.,  Arizona 


^-y-zf  e- 


«    ^ 


:ed[ 


Far 


OF  FIVE  ACRES 
AND  UPWARDS 

in  the  Counties  of 

Fi*esno  and  Mei^ced 
Califoraia 


MILLER  AND  LUX 

Los  Banos^    Merced    G^unty 
California 


Men's 
Fiirnishings 


In  every  size,  to  fit  big  and  little  men. 
all  up  to  date  and  properly  made. 
Underwear  of  all  kinds  and  weights, 
socks  in  all  grades  and  colorings,  all 
the  new  collars,  the  latest  neckwear, 
etc.,  etc.  The  man  who  misses  an 
examination  of  our  new  stock  of 
Men's  Furnishings  will  be  dollars  out. 
The  man  who  buys  will  be  dollars  in. 
Take  your  choice. 


CLOTHING  COMPANY 
Cor.  Spring  &  First  Los  Angeles 


fialnmar 

h  Worth 
While 

A  place  apart  and 
unique.  A  mile  in 
the  sky.  Above  the 
clouds.  Among  giant 
pines,  beautiful  wa- 
terfalls— living  peo- 
ple.       Palomar      air 

makes  new  blood.  People  come  up  here  to  revitalize  and  tone  up  for  the  rest  of  the 
year.  They  declare  they  can't  aflford  not  to.  And  say, — when  you  come,  leave 
your  white  collars  home,  but  bring  your  Good  Time  along — if  possible.  If  not, — 
we'll  provide  it.  Fine  Hunting,  Auto  and  Stage  Trips.  Good»  Saddle  Horses  and 
Humble  Burros,  Camp  Fires,  Dancing  and  Tennis,  Sing-Songs  and  Larks.  Unex- 
celled Mountain  Cuisine — the  best  there  is.  Fresh  meats  and  game  from  the  range; 
crisp  vegetables  from  our  garden;  Jersey  milk,  (plus  the  cream),  berries  and  fruit — 
all  from  our  own  ranch.  It's  an  unfailing  equation — Good  Sport  —  Good  Living  —  A 
Good  Time.  You  might  drop  us  a  card  when  you're  coming  and  we'll  save  you  a 
room  or  a  tent.  Or  you  can  just  sleep  under  the  trees  and  the  stars.  Here  are  no 
strangers — nor  are  any  old!  Open  June  1st.  Auto  Stages  to  Mt.  Get  descriptive 
folders. 

BAILEY  BROS.,  Props.,  Palomar,  Calif. 

Postoffice    Address:    Nellie.   San    Diego  Co..  California. 


XLbe  (Berman  Savings 
anb  Xoan  Society 

[A  member  of  the  Associated  Savings  Banks  of  San  Francisco] 

526  California  St,,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


Guaranteed  Capital 
Capital  actually  paid  up  in  cash 
Reserve  and  Contingent  Funds 
Deposits  June  30,  1909     . 
Total  Assets  .         .  . 


$  1,200.000.00 
$  1,000,000.00 
$  1,504,498.68 
$36,793,234.04 
$39,435,681.38 


Remittance  may  be  made  by  Draft.  Post  Office,  or 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Go's.  Money  Orders,  or  coin  by  Ex- 
press. 

Office  Hours:  10  o'clock  A.  M.  to  3  o'clock  P.  M., 
except  Saturdays  to  12  o'clock  M.  and  Saturday  eve- 
nings from  7  o'clock  P.  M.  to  8  o'clock  P.  M.,  for 
receipt  of  deposits  only. 

OFFICERS:  President,  N.  Ohlandt;  First  Vice- 
President,  Daniel  Meyer;  Second  Vice-President,  Emil 
Rohte;  Cashier,  A.  H.  R.  Schmidt;  Assistant  Cashier, 
William  Herrmann;  Secretary,  George  Tourny;  As- 
sistant Secretary,  A.  H.  MuUer;  Goodfellow  &  Eells, 
General  Attorneys. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS:  N.  Ohlandt,  Daniel 
Meyer.  Emil  Rohte,  Ign.  Steinhardt,  I.  N.  Walter.  J. 
W.  Van  Bergen,  F.  Tillmann,  jr.,  E.  T.  Kruse  and  W. 
S.  Goodfellow. 

MISSION  BRANCH,  2572  Mission  Street,  be- 
tween 21st  and  22nd  Street.  For  receipt  and  payment 
of  Deposits  only.  C.  W.  Heyer,  Manager. 

RICHMOND  DISTRICT  BRANCH,  432  Clement  St., 
between  5th  and  6th  Avenues.  For  receipt  and  pay- 
ment of  Deposits  only.    W.  C.  Heyer,  Manager, 


Eucalyptus  as  an  Investment 

33"^%  per  annum  compound  interest 


We  sell  you  land 
--not  stock--pIant 
it  to  eucalyptus 
trees —  California 
mahogany — 780  to 
each  acre  —  care 
for  it — g-uarantee 
it  —  give  you  a 
leed  to  it — provide 
a  market  for  the 
crop — the  volume 
of  sales  and  enor- 
mous acreage  in- 
sures market  — 
also  insures  high- 
est price  for  com- 
mercial timber — 
you  buy  land  for 
cash — or  on  easy 
monthly  instal- 
ments— a  savings 
bank  investment-- 
so  much  deposit 
every  month — and 
in  a  few  years 
you  own  a  com- 
petence. 


N  o  risk  —  no 
worry — no  work — 
absolutely  safe — 
as  certain  as  the 
rising  sun  —  the 
most  profitable 

crop  grown — bet- 
ter for  most  peo- 
ple than  life  in- 
surance— than  or- 
dinary real  estate 
— than  stocks  or 
bonds — than  sav- 
ings banks — send 
for  beautifully  il- 
lustrated booklets 
— bulletins — maps, 
etc. — all  free  for 
the  asking. — your 
investment  will 
earn  33  1-3%  per 
annum  compound- 
ed —  a  deferred 
dividend,  cumula- 
tive endowment — 
best  for  you,  your 
future  and  your 
family  —  do  it 
today. 


Eucalyptus  Timber  Corporation 

358  South  Broadway  Los  Angeles,  California 


For  the  Benefit  of  our  Patrons 

These  three  things  I^^^^^«^ 
We   Endeavor  to  InCrCaSe 

1 —Promptness  of  Delivery 
2— Efficiency  of  Force 
3— Quality  of  Product 

These  three  things  H^^^.^^  «^ 
We  Endeavor  toUCCieaSe 

1  — Unnecessary  Elxpense 
2~Amount  of  Time  Wasted 
3— Cost  of  Production 

Phillips  Printing  Company 

Phones:  F-4382,  Broadway  1291 
360  South  Los  Angeles  Street                      Los  Angeles,  CaL 

$90.00    Per   Month   For  You 

Will  you  work  for  $90.00  per  month?  I 
train  and  supply  the  working  force  for  most 
of  the  railroad  mileage  of  the  West,  is  tele- 
graphy, Shorthand  and  Station  Work.  I  give 
you  a  thorough  and  practical  training  and 
then  I  place  you  in  a  good  paying  position — 
mind  you,  I  do  not  "promise  to  assist  you," 
but  positively  guarantee  you  employment 
when  competent.  I  have  placed  150  during 
the  past  year.  If  you  doubt  this  come  to  my 
office  and  I  will  prove  it  to  you. 

We  are  urgently  in  need  of  telegraph  oper- 
ators, assistant  agents  and  stenographers  and 
can  promise  employment  to  an  unlimited  num- 
ber of  students.  We  are  conducting  a  Mail 
Course  in  Shorthand  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  cannot  conveniently  attend  the  school. 
Hundreds  of  students  taking  the  mail  course 
have  been  able  to  accept  service  as  competent 
stenographers  after  two  or  three  months' 
study.  We  use  Stidger's  famous  modern 
Shorthand,  using  but  twenty  word  signs  as 
compared  with  from  1500  to  6000  word  signs 
in  the  various  Pitmanic  systems  of  shorthand. 
Ambitious  young  men  and  women  should  take 
advantage  of  this  mail  course  and  prepare 
for  better  positions  during  their  spare  hours 
at  home.  Complete  cost  of  mail  course  is 
J25.00. 

Apply  P.  D.  MACKAY,  Manager, 
S.  P.  TELEGRAPH  &  SHORTHAND  SCHOOL, 

340  Central  Ave.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


KIDDER'S  PASTILLES 


St.n.,ara    ^gTHMA 


relief  for 

50  years.     Sold  by  all 

^ Dninnists.      35    cents. 

STOWKLiIi  &  CO.,  Mfirs.,  Charlestawn,  Mass. 


Bailey's  Rubber   Complexion 
Brushes  ^  Massage  Rollers 

Make,  Keep  and  Restore  Beauty  in  Nature's  own  way 


FLAT-ENDED  TEETH 


with  circular  biting  edges  that  remove  dust  caps, 
cleanse  the  skin  in  the  bath,  open  the  pores,  and  give 
new  life  to  the  whole  body.  Bailey's  Rubber 
Brushes  are  all  made  this  way.  Mailed  for  price. 
Beware  of  imitations.  At  all  dealers. 
Bailey's  Rubber  Complexion  Brush  .  .  $  .."iO 
Bailey's  Rubber  Massage  Roller  .        .        .  .50 

Bailey's  Bath  and  Shampoo  Brush  .        .  .75 

Bailey's  Rubber  Bath  and  Flesh  Brush      .        .         1.00 
Bailey's  Rubber  Toilet  Brush  (small)     .        .  .25 

Bailey's  Skin  Food  (large  jar)  .  .50 

Bailey's 

Won  t  Slip 
TIP 

This  tip  won't  slip  on 
ANY  SURFACE,  on 
smooth  ice,  or  mar  the 
most  highly  polished 
floor.  Made  in  five 
sizes,  internal  diameter : 
No.  17,  %  in. :  No.  18.  % 
in.;  No.  19,  %  in.;  No. 
20,  lin.;  No.  21,  iVg  in. 
Mailed  upon  receipt  of 
price,  30c.  per  pair. 
Agents  wanted. 

100  Page  Rubber  Catalogue  Free. 

C.  3.  BAILEY  &  CO.,  22  Boylaten  St.,  BOSTON,  Mass. 


Los  Angeles 
Pacific  Co. 

ELECTRIC  LINES 


The     Shortest     and     Quickest     Line 

Between  Los  Angeles  and 

the  Ocean 

See  Venice,  Santa  Monica,  Ocean  Park, 
National  Soldiers'  Home,  Playa  del 
Rey,   Redondo. 

FlNh    at    I,ONG   WHARF, 

Port  Lios  Angeles, 

or  Plajn  del  Rey 

Take  the 
Balloon  Route  Excursion 
One   \Vhole  Day   for  $1.00 

Showing  a  part  of  California's  Finest 
Scenery.  28  Miles  Right  Along  the 
Ocean.  An  Experienced  Guide  With 
Each  Car. 

Cars     Leave     Hill     Street     Station     9:40 
a.  m.  Daily 

Lot*   Angeles   Passenger   Station 

Hill   St.,   Bet.   Fourth   and   Fifth 


Los  Angeles 
Brewing  Company's 


Pure  and  'W^Holesome 

LAGER  BEERS 

Are  a  Home  Product  not  ex- 
celled by  any  Eastern 
Manufacture 


IVhy  Not  Try  It? 


PHONES 

Sunset  East  820  Home  Exch.  820 


Nothing  Holds 
the  Family  So 
Closely  Together 
As  Music 


The  boys  and  girls  love  music;  so, 
also,  must  you.  Why  not,  then, 
have  music  in  the  home  now? 

A  Good  Piano  for  $250.00— on 
Easy  Terms. 

A  Splendid  Victor  for  $32.50— on 
Easy  Terms. 

A  Late  Style  Edison  for  $30.00— 
on  Easy  Terms. 


Something  New  in  an 

Edison  Phonograph 

The  New  Fireside  Model 

This  splendid  new  style  will  prove  highly  popular 

with  everybody.     Neat  and  compact  and  playing 

both  the  2-minute  and  the  4-minute  AMBEROL 

RECORDS,    it    offers    exceptional    qualities    at    a 

very  modest  price— $22,00. 

Every  intending  purchaser  should  hear  and  know  the  remarkable  tone  quality  of 

tiful  new  machine. 

Special  terms  will  be  arranged  so  that  eventhe  moS'*  humble  home  may  have  a 
Phonograph."     Investigate.     Mail  inquiries   solicited.  ' 


this  beau- 
"Fireside 


Regarding  Pianos 

We  would  like  you  to  consider  that  with  all  the  offers  of  low 
prices  and  claims  of  superiority  made  for  certain  very  ordinary 
pianos,  the  fact  remains  that  the  demand  for  the  better  grades, 
sold  on  their  actual  merits,  is  increasing. 

People  with  sound  reasoning  faculties  are  not  deceived  by 
statements  which  will  not  stand  when  intelligent  investigation 
and  fair  comparisons  are  made. 

_  The  FAIRBANKS  PIANO  will  stand  the  closest  investiga- 
'  ti'on.  If  the  intending  purchaser  will  compare  it  with  other 
pianos  of  its  price  and  will  make  a  careful,  painstaking  exami- 
nation of  its  construction,  of  the  materials  used  and  of  its  tonal 
quality,  it  will  be  found  to  possess  a  higher  order  of  merit  than 
any  piano  of  its  price  offered  the  public  today.  ^^ . 

The  Fairbanks  is  the  ideal  home  piano  and  every  intending 
purchaser  of  a  piano  should  investigate  it.     We  are  sole  agents. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  MUSICAL  QUALITY 

Southern  California  Music  Co.' 

332-334   S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


cr-ME 
UNIVERSllTY 

OF 


^^f 


'ME    NATION    BACK    OF    US.    THE    WORLD 


».  iW 


OuT^esT 


Vol.  XXXI.  No.   1 


JULY.    I909 


AVATER  SUPPLY  FOR  THU  CITIES  ABOUT 

the:  bay  or  san  francisco 

By  WARREN  OLNEY. 

|1HE  City  of  San  Francisco  has  now  a  population  ap- 
proaching five  hundred  thousand.  The  cities  of  Rich- 
mond, Berkeley,  Oakland,  Alameda,  San  Jose,  and  the 
towns  and  villages  between,  all  bordering  on  the  Bay, 
aggregate  as  many  more.  This  population  is  bound 
to  increase  rapidly  in  numbers.  How  great  the  population  will 
be  thirty-three  years  from  now.  which  we  will  assume  to  be  the 
average  life  of  a  generation,  no  man  can  tell.  But  it  will  certainly 
be  counted  by  the  millions. 

The  streams  flowing  into  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  are  barely 
sufficient  to  supply  the  present  population  with  water,  but  are  not 
sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  near  future,  nor  are  they  sufficient 
for  the  present  if  we  should  have  two  or  three  successive  years 
of  drought.  As  civilization  advances,  the  consumption  of  water 
per  capita  rapidly  increases,  so  that  if  you  add  the  increasing  use 
of  water  per  capita  to  the  rapidly  increasing  population,  the  cities 
and  communities  about  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  will  shortly  be 
without  a  sufficient  supply,  unless  water  is  obtained  from  some 
other  source  than  the  immediate  neighborhood. 

It  is  useless  to  talk  about  increasing  the  output  of  potable  water 
from  the  streams  about  the  Bay.  The  quantity  can  undoubtedly 
be  increased  from  the  Alameda  water-shed,  but  if  all  of  the  water 
obtainable  from  that  source  is  properly  utilized,  the  cities  about 
the  Bay  must  still,  in  the  near  future,  go  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  for 
their  water.  The  water  supply  from  the  streams  around  the  Bay 
is  owned  by  corporations  and  individuals,  who  put  an  extravagant 
estimate  upon  the  value  of  their  water  plants  and  resources.  San 
Francisco  is  supplied  by  the  Spring  Valley  Water  Works,  Oakland 
and  Berkeley,  etc.,  by  the  People's  Water  Company,  and  both  of 
those  corporations  maintain,  and  will  always  maintain,  in  the  courts 


208697 


600  OU'I     WEST 

and  everywhere  else,  that  their  property  rights  are  greatly  en- 
hanced in  value  by  there  being  no  other  available  source  of  water 
supply  for  the  people  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco.  All  experi- 
ence shows  that  a  city  should  own  its  own  water  works,  and  own 
or  control  its  sources  of  water  supply.  The  opinion  has  become 
almost  universal  among  the  people  about  the  Bay  Cities  that  the 
plant  and  water  supply  of  the  two  corporations  above  named  should 
be  purchased,  if  they  can  be  obtained  at  anything  like  a  reasonable 
figure,  because  these  corporations  already  possess  quite  complete 
distributing  systems,  and  also  because  they  or  their  predecessors 
have  been  furnishing  water  ever  since  there  was  a  demand  for  it. 
This  opinion  is  based  upon  sound  reasoning  and  is  backed  up  by 
experience  of  other  cities  and  by  ethical  and  economic  laws. 

So  here  is  the  situation  that  confronts  the  people  about  the  Bay 
of  San  Francisco :  Their  sources  of  water  supply  belong  to  private 
corporations,  or  public  utility  corporations  if  that  term  is  pre- 
ferred, and  that  supply  will  be  inadequate  in  the  very  near  future. 
They  must  purchase,  and  desire  and  intend  to  purchase,  the  local 
water  plants  and  water  resources,  but  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  in- 
creasing population  and  the  growing  needs  of  civilization,  more 
water  must  be  obtained  from  a  distance.  An  abundance  of  water 
can  only  be  obtained  from  a  few  of  the  streams  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  which  streams  flow  into  the 
Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  Rivers.  All  of  the  waters  of  those 
streams,  except  one,  have  already  been  appropriated  by  water-power 
companies,  irrigation  companies  and  mining  companies.  Except  at 
a  frightful  cost,  a  cost  entirely  beyond  the  present  capacity  of  the 
people  to  pay,  the  water  from  these  streams  cannot  be  obtained. 
But  there  is  one  stream  that  does  have  a  sufficient  flow  of  water 
to  satisfy  the  needs  of  all  of  the  cities  around  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco  for  many  generations  to  come,  that  is  free  from  prior 
claims  or  locations  of  all  private  corporations,  so  far  as  its  flowing 
waters  are  concerned,  except  the  claims  of  two  irrigation  districts. 
But  after  meeting  the  wants  of  these  two  irrigation  districts,  there 
is  still  abundance  of  water  left  for  not  only  the  cities  around  the 
Bay  of  San  Francisco  for  many  generations,  but  also  for  the  City 
of  Stockton,  which  is  situated  near  the  direct  line  from  this  river 
to  the  Bay.  It  will  cost  at  least  forty  millions  of  dollars  to  bring 
this  water  to  San  Francisco.  When  the  burdens  imposed  by  fire 
and  earthquake  upon  that  city  and  the  necessity  of  purchasing  the 
plant  of  the  Spring  Valley  Water  Works  are  considered,  forty 
millions  additional  for  Sierra  water  will  include  the  last  pound  of 
debt-carrying  weight  our  municipal  camel  can  bear.  It  is  safe 
to  say  it  will  cost  the  City  of  San  Francisco  from  ten  to  twenty 
millions  of  dollars  more  to  get  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  from 


WATER    SUPPLY    FOR    BAY     CITIES.  601 

any  other  Sierra  river  than  from  this  one,  upon  which  there  is  no 
valid  prior  claim  except  the  two  irrigation  districts. 

This  rivei  is  the  Tuolumne  River.  It  has  the  largest  water-shed 
and  the  best  water -shed,  and  has  a  larger  flow,  and  far  and  away 
a  better  reservoir  site,  than  any  of  the  other  streams  accessible  to 
the  people.  Shall  the  people  be  refused  the  use  of  this  water  and 
compelled  either  to  go  without  Sierra  water  or  to  assess  themselves 
ten  or  twenty  millions  of  dollars  more  to  get  water  from  some- 
where else  ?  Is  it  possible  that  any  intelligent  lover  of  his  race  can 
answer  the  above  question  in  the  affirmative? 

There  have  been  many  objections  made  to  San  Francisco  and  the 
other  Bay  Cities  utilizing  the  waters  of  Tuolumne  River,  but 
those  objections  have  been  made  mostly  by  people  who  do  not  under- 
stand the  actual  condition  that  confronts  the  Bay  Cities,  or  else 
are  lacking  in  the  ability  to  take  a  broad,  comprehensive  view  of 
the  situation  and  the  needs  of  humanity.  I  will  take  up  the  objec- 
tions made  seriatim,  but  before  doing  so  let  me  call  attention  to 
the  attitude  of  President  Roosevelt,  of  Secretary  James  A.  Garfield, 
and  of  Mr.  Gifford  Pinchot,  all  three  of  whom  are  as  enthusiastic 
lovers  of  nature  as  any  that  can  be  found,  and  who  have  done 
more  for  conservation  for  the  use  of  all  the  people  of  the  natural 
resources  of  the  country  than  any  other  three  men  in  our  history. 
There  are  no  greater  enthusiasts  for  nature  and  the  beauties  of 
nature  than  these  three  men.  Now  what  has  been  their  attitude 
in  regard  to  the  City  of  San  Francisco  utilizing  the  waters  of  the 
Tuolumne  River?  President  Roosevelt  strongly  favored  the  plan. 
Secretary  Garfield  was  its  most  earnest  advocate  before  the  com- 
mittees of  Congress,  and  Mr.  Gifford  Pinchot  added  the  great 
weight  of  his  experience  and  love  of  the  woods  and  mountains  to 
the  arguments  urged  by  the  people  of  the  Bay  Cities.  In  my 
opinion.  Secretary  Garfield  made  the  best  argument  before  the 
committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  urging  the  passage  oi 
the  bill   to  which  I  shall  presently  refer,  that  was  made  by  anyone. 

I  attended  and  took  part  in  some  of  the  hearings  before  that 
committee,  and  became  convinced,  when  the  Spring  Valley  Water 
Works  opposed  the  bill,  that  a  fellow-feeling  on  the  part  of  other 
interests  and  a  desire  to  hit  the  Roosevelt  administration  had  a 
hundred  times  more  influence  than  did  the  arguments  of  some  of 
the  so-called  "nature  lovers"  who  opposed  what  was  desired  by  the 
Bay  Cities  on  the  ground  that  it  would  tend  to  destroy  the  natural 
beauties  of  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  and  injure  the  country  above  the 
valley  as  a  place  of  resort  for  nature  lovers  in  the  summer  months. 
That  is  to  say,  the  arguments  of  the  so-called  nature  lovers  had 
really  very  little  influence,  but  the  sympathy  between  financial  in- 
terests desiring  to  use  national  resources  for  personal  exploitation 


WATER    SUPPLY    FOR     BAY     CITIES.  603 

and  to  get  even  with  the  Administration  had  everything  to  do  with 
it.  The  nature  lovers  merely  furnished  to  these  enemies  of  the 
public  good  arguments  and  excuses  for  not  granting  to  the  Bay 
Cities  what  they  so  much  desire  and  so  greatly  need. 

But  as  citizens  of  California  have  furnished  the  arguments  for 
the  "Interests"  and  have  stirred  up  many  people  in  the  East  who 
are  not  acquainted  with  the  situation  and  are  influenced  by  senti- 
ment without  regard  to  the  actual  necessities  of  the  people,  I  will 
now  give  a  little  attention  to  the  points  made  by  them.  Before 
doing  so,  however,  let  me  call  attention  to  what  is  really  desired 
of  the  United  States  by  the  Bay  Cities.  The  United  States  Gov- 
ernment many  years  ago  parted  with  its  title  to  the  larger  part  of 
the  floor  of  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  to  certain  individuals.  After  this 
land  had  been  patented  to  these  people  the  City  of  San  Francisco 
bought  these  lands.  What  was  desired  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment was  that  the  United  States  should  consent  to  the  flooding 
of  these  lands  in  the  valley  to  which  the  United  States  retained  the 
title.  That  is  to  say,  if  a  dam  is  built  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
valley  and  the  lands  flooded  by  an  artificial  lake,  the  lake  will  cover 
lands  belonging  to  the  City  of  San  Francisco  and  .also  lands  be- 
longing to  the  United  States.  What  was  wanted  was  an  Act  of 
Congress  authorizing  an  exchange  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the 
United  States  in  the  floor  of  the  valley  for  lands  outside  of  the 
valley  owned  by  the  city.  The  City  of  San  Francisco  can  do  what- 
ever it  pleases  with  its  own  lands  in  the  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley.  It 
wants  the  other  lands  on  the  floor  of  the  valley  so  that  there  can 
be  no  objection  to  its  turning  this  valley  into  a  lake. 

Now  what  are  the  objections?  Keeping  in  mind  this  preliminary 
statement  of  the  situation  and  the  crying  needs  of  the  people  about 
the  Bay,  let  us  consider  very  briefly  the  principal  arguments  fur- 
nished by  certain  Californians  and  used  in  the  attempt  to  block 
the  Roosevelt  administration  in  its  effort  to  benefit  millions  of 
people. 

1.  The  first  ground  of  opposition  urged  was  that  the  erection  of 
a  dam  at  the  lower  end  of  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley,  thereby  creating 
an  artificial  lake  covering  the  entire  floor  of  the  valley,  would 
destroy  the  attractions  of  a  most  beautiful  and  interesting  mountain 
valley.  The  natural  availability  of  the  Hetch  Hetchy  as  a  reservoir 
site  is  admitted.  There  is  nothing  like  it  in  the  mountains.  The 
Tuolumne  heads  on  Mts.  Lyall,  Dana,  etc.,  flows  through  extensive 
tracts  of  comparatively  level  land  known  as  the  Tuolumne  Mead- 
ows, at  an  elevation  of  about  nine  thousand  feet,  and  then  pitches 
into  a  gorge  which  is  about  twenty  miles  long.  At  the  lower  end 
of  this  gorge  the  walls  of  the  canon  expand  and  include  Hetch 
Hetchy  Valley,  with  a  floor  almost  level.     At  the  lower  end  of  the 


604  OUT     WEST 

valley  these  walls  come  together  again  and  a  man  can  easily  throw 
a  stone  across  the  stream  from  wall  to  wall  where  the  dam  will  be 
located.  Where  these  walls  come  together  at  the  lower  end  they 
are  of  granite  and  almost  perpendicular.  Therefore  a  dam  two 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  high  can  be  constructed  at  comparatively 
small  expense,  and,  as  the  floor  of  the  valley  is  level,  an  immense 
quantity  of  water  will  be  impounded.  There  is  not  on  this  round 
earth  in  all  probability  so  fine  a  site  prepared  by  nature  for  a  reser- 
voir from  which  to  supply  human  beings  with  one  of  the  principal 
requisites  of  life. 

To  make  a  lake  of  this  valley  of  course  will  destroy  the  meadow, 
but  the  lake  that  will  be  created  will  be  a  much  greater  natural 
attraction  than  the  valley  in  its  present  condition.  The  lower  end 
of  the  valley  is  a  wet  meadow,  and  the  mosquitoes  constitute  a 
frightful  pest.  In  ordinary  seasons  it  is  not  until  late  in  July  that 
people  can  camp  in  the  valley  with  comfort.  Very  few  people  visit 
the  valley.  Its  character  has  been  known  for  more  than  forty 
years.  I  spent  eight  days  in  the  valley  last  summer,  after  the  mos- 
quito season  had  passed,  and  I  do  not  believe  twenty  persons  alto- 
gether, besides  United  States  soldiers,  were  there  during  the  time 
I  was.  If  the  recommendations  of  President  Roosevelt,  Secretary 
Garfield  and  Mr.  Pinchot  are  adopted,  San  Francisco  will  turn  this 
beautiful  but  mosquito-breeding  meadow  into  a  beautiful  moun- 
tain lake,  whose  attractions  will  be  unique  in  character  and  prob- 
ably as  great  as  those  of  any  lake  of  its  size  in  the  mountains  of 
any  country. 

We  hear  the  argument  sometimes  made  that  people  will  not  be 
allowed  to  visit,  travel,  or  camp  on  the  margin  of  this  lake,  because 
by  so  doing  they  will  pollute  the  water.  This  is  simply  nonsense. 
In  the  first  place,  it  is  so  high  in  the  mountains  that  few  people  will 
ever  go  there ;  and,  in  the  second  place,  experience  has  shown  that 
mountain  lakes,  though  there  is  considerable  population  in  the  vicin- 
ity, can  be  kept  free  from  pollution.  For  example.  Lake  Katrine, 
in  Scotland,  furnishes  water  for  the  great  city  of  Glasgow.  There 
is  a  dense  population  near  the  lake,  and  it  is  visited  by  tourists  in 
great  numbers  all  summer  long.  Great  hotels  are  necessary  there 
to  accommodate  the  visitors.  Yet  we  do  not  hear  of  any  complaint 
of  the  lake's  waters  being  polluted  by  the  people  living  in  the 
vicinity  or  by  the  vast  mass  of  visitors  who  go  there. 

The  charms  of  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  have  been  known  for  more 
than  forty  years,  but  it  is  rare  to  find  any  person  in  California  who 
has  taken  the  trouble  to  go  to  see  it.  If  San  Francisco  is  allowed 
to  turn  the  valley  into  a  reservoir,  she  will  have  to  build  good  roads 
and  make  the  valley  accessible.  Then,  no  doubt,  there  will  be  a 
hundred  visitors  where  there  is  one  now.     But  it  would  be  an  easv 


WATER    SUPPLY    FOR    BAY     CITIES.  605 

matter  to  enforce  proper  police  regulations.  A  far  greater  number 
of  nature  lovers  will  be  able  to  gratify  their  tastes  and  visit  these 
mountains  if  the  wishes  of  San  Francisco  are  complied  with. 

2.  Failing  to  convince  by  the  foregoing  objection,  the  next  one 
urged  was  that  if  the  Bay  Cities  water  supply  is  from  the  Hetch 
Hetchy  reservoir,  the  people  would  be  forbidden  to  visit  and  camp 
at  the  Tuolumne  Meadows,  which  are  more  than  twenty  miles  above 
the  valley.  This  objection  is  still  more  unreasonable.  Tuolumne 
Meadows  are  at  an  elevation  of  about  nine  thousand  feet,  and 
consequently  it  is  only  two  or  three  months  in  the  year  that  they 
are  accessible  at  all.  To  reach  them  necessitates  a  long  journey 
of  two  days  and  camping  out  at  night.  The  result  is  that  very 
few  people  go  to  Tuolumne  Meadows  and  very  few  ever  will  go. 
The  Bay  Cities  will  never  have  the  power  of  excluding  people  from 
this  portion  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  and  they  would  not 
if  they  could,  because  under  proper  police  regulations  there  is  not 
the  slightest  chance  of  the  water  being  contaminated  by  campers. 
I  suspect  that  the  plunge  of  these  waters  through  a  twenty-mile 
gorge  and  over  innumerable  falls  after  leaving  Tuolumne  Meadows 
before  reaching  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley  will  of  itself  act  as  a  purifying 
agent  in  case  any  filthy  matter  should  get  into  the  stream  in  the 
Meadows.  It  is  safe  to  conclude  that  there  is  no  danger  of  the 
rights  of  the  campers  in  Tuolumne  Meadows  being  invaded.  They 
may  have  to  submit  to  reasonable  police  regulations,  but  that  is  all. 

I  can  recall  no  other  than  the  two  above  mentioned  objections 
that  have  been  urged  against  the  use  of  the  Hetch  Hetchy  Valley 
as  a  reservoir  by  the  cities  around  the  Bay  that  deserve  any  con- 
sideration. 

Before  closing,  attention  should  be  called  to  another  matter : 
Locations  subsequent  in  date  to  those  made  by  Mayor  Phelan  for 
the  benefit  of  San  Francisco  have  been  made  and  filed,  and  if  the 
Bay  Cities  are  not  allowed  to  impound  and  use  the  water  of  the 
Tuolumne  River,  private  corporations  are  preparing  to  use  them 
for  power  and  for  sale.  In  fact,  I  suspect  that  the  hostile  influ- 
ences at  work  to  defeat  the  desires  and  the  reasonable  requirements 
of  our  people  have  been  in  part  inspired  by  these  late  claimants  to 
Tuolumne  water.  Who  shall  have  the  use  of  the  water  flowing 
in  this  mountain  river?  Shall  it  be  the  people,  millions  of  whom 
need  it,  or  private  corporations?  This  water  will  not  be  allowed 
to  go  to  waste.  If  the  Bay  Cities  do  not  get  it,  private  corporations 
certainly  will. 
San  Francisco. 


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607 

PROPOSED   DESTRUCTION   OF 
HETCH-HETCHY 

By  E.  T.  PARSONS. 

HERE  is  but  one  great  National  Park  in  California — The 
Yosemite  National  Park.  The  other  two  National 
Parks,  the  Sequoia  and  General  Grant,  are  small  by 
comparison,  and  were  created  to  preserve  groves  of  ou\ 
"big  trees."  Not  only  is  the  Yosemite  National  Park 
one  of  the  most  important  parks  in  America,  but  it  is  unrivaled  in  the 
whole  world.  Yet  this  incomparable  wonderland — this  majestic 
playground  belonging  to  all  the  people  of  the  nation,  is  threatened 
with  destructive  invasion  in  order  that  selfish  and  local  interests  may 
profit  in  a  financial  way.  The  proposed  violation  of  the  Yosemite 
National  Park  is  not  only  absolutely  unnecessary,  but  it  is  question- 
able whether  it  would,  from  an  economic  standpoint,  be  for  the  best 
interest  of  the  commtniity  seeking  the  destructive  privilege.  If  the 
needless  and  destructive  right  to  flood  the  wonderful  Hetch-Hetchy 
Valley  is  granted  to  San  Francisco,  the  precedent  that  would  be 
established  would  shake  to  the  very  foundation  the  whole  National 
Park  policy.  Thereafter,  no  National  Park,  however  great  and  won- 
derful, would  be  safe  from  despoliation  ;  for  this  instance  would  be 
pointed  out  as  an  example  where  a  nation  had  sanctioned  a  most 
destructive  trespass  upon  one  of  the  greatest  scenic  wonders  of  the 
world.  But  fortunately  the  people  of  this  nation  are  rapidly  awak- 
ening to  the  seriousness  of  the  danger  that  threatens  one  of  its  most 
priceless  possessions.  They  are  already  appealing  to  Congress  to 
stop  the  mischief  before  there  is:possibility  of  its  being  consum- 
niated.  N«         .'.  ' 

In  order  that  there  may  be  no  misunderstanding  as  to  the  present 
status  of  the  question,  a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of  the  Hetch- 
Hetchy  water  project  is  in  order.  Through  representation  that  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  source  afforded  the  only  water  supply  for  San  Fran- 
cisco that  was  available  for  her  use,  certain  advocates  of  the  scheme 
secured  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  a  permit  to  flood  the 
Valley,  but  the  permit  contained  the  condition  that  the  supply  from 
Lake  Eleanor,  reinforced  by  the  Cherry  River,  should  first  be  de- 
veloped to  its  utmost  capacity.  This  condition  was  highly  unsatis- 
factory to  the  city  advocates,  who  cared  little  or  nothing  for  Lake 
Eleanor.  However,  they  will  have  to  carry  out  these  conditions  to 
the  letter  and  the  city  will  not  be  permitted  to  "lay  a  finger"  on  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  X'alley  until  the  Lake  Eleanor  supply  shall  have  been 
developed  as  required.  This  would  afford  a  supply  of  water  equiva- 
lent to  double  the  present  daily  needs  of  San  Francisco,  and  hence, 
if  added  to  it.  would  increase  the  present  supply  three-fold.    Rut  not 


J=  9 


PROPOSED  DESTRUCTION  OF  HETCH-HETCHY    609 

content  with  this,  the  city  advocates  have  been  striving  to  get  Con- 
gress to  confirm  the  Secretary's  grant  which  is  revocable  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  any  Secretary,  and  have  asked  Congress  for  a  patent  to 
lands  on  the  floor  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley.  Certain  lands  already 
patented  are  held  under  option  by  the  city,  and  if  control  of  all  of 
the  lands  could  be  obtained  outright,  the  city  would  at  once  proceed 
to  flood  the  Valley.  To  indicate  what  Congress  thought  of  the 
request,  some  of  the  opinions  of  the  members  of  the  Public  Lands 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  to  which  the  bill  was 
referred,  are  quoted.  The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  prepared  a 
report  which  was  signed  by  four  others,  in  which  he  said : 

"I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  city  has  failed  to  establish  its  contention  that 
the  Hetch-Hetchy  is  the  only  reasonably  available  source  of  water  supply  in 
the  Sierras,  and  that,  therefore,  the  interests  of  the  people  of  all  the  country 
should  be  waived  on  behalf  of  San  Francisco  in  its  claim  to  exclusive  use  of 
this  valley." 

Two  other  members  reported  that : 

"We  are  opposed  to  this  resolution  in  its  present  form,  as  it  does  not  suffi- 
ciently guard  public  interests.  We  believe  that  its  passage  will  eventually 
exclude  the  public  from  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  and  the  Tuolumne  Canyon, 
and  we  are  not  willing  that  that  should  be  done,  as  it  does  not  appear  that  it 
is  necessary  for  the  city  of  San  Francisco  to  obtain  this  property  for  a 
water  supply." 

Another  member  reported  that : 

"The  undersigned  admits  that  if  this  source  is  essential  to  San  Francisco 
the  grant  should  be  made.  But  San  Francisco  has  not  made  out  a  case  show- 
ing that  it  is  essential.  The  testimony  indicates  that  there  are  a  number  of 
other  sources." 


"UnwiUing  though  I  would  be  to  deny  to  San  Francisco  and  the  other  cities 
on  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  the  use  of  Hetch-Hetchy  if  it  was  essential  as  a 
storage  reservoir  for  a  municipal  supply,  a  condition  that  seems  not  to  exist 
unless  it  be  that  it  is  essential  because  it  can  be  got  from  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment for  next  to  nothing,  I  believe  that  we  owe  it  to  all  the  people  to  preserve 
Hetch-Hetchy  uninterfered  with  for  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  all  the  people 
and  to  carry  out  the  policy  intended  when  it  was  included  within  the  bound- 
aries of  the  Yosemite  National  Park." 

This  Committee  was  evenly  divided,  eight  members  signing  reports 
adverse  to  the  grant.  When  this  vote  was  taken,  John  Muir  and  his 
followers  all  over  America  had  not  commenced  to  exert  their  great- 
est influence,  or  the  result  would  have  been  overwhelming  against 
the  scheme. 

A  majority  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Public  lands  were  op- 
posed to  granting  this  right  to  San  Francisco,  and  if  a  vote  had  been 
forced  the  grant  would  have  been  defeated.  Similar  bills  will  be 
acted  on  by  the  next  Congress,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  they  will 
never  pass. 

There  is  a  sentiment  throughout  the  nation  which  is  growing  more 
powerful  every  day  and  which  will  eventually  bring  about  a  revoca- 


610 


o  u  T  w  n  s  r 


DIAGRAM 

YOSEMITE  NATIONAL  PARK. 


PROPOSED  DESTRUCTION  OF  HETCH-HETCHY    611 

tion  of  the  grant.  It  may  not  be  this  year  and  it  may  not  be  next, 
but  the  day  is  bound  to  come  long  before  the  Valley  can  be  mutilated 
by  damming.  To  flood  the  Valley  to  the  depth  of  175  feet,  as  pro- 
posed, will  cover  the  entire  floor  and  back  the  water  up  into  the 
Grand  Canyon  of  the  Tuolumne,  a  total  distance  of  seven  miles  from 
the  dam  site.  Let  no  one  be  deceived — all  the  available  camp  ground 
and  level  spots  will  be  absolutely  destro\ed. 

One  of  the  proponents  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  water  project  has 
been  quoted  as  saying  that  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  is  "a  rich  man's 
playground."  It  indicates  how  little  he  knows  of  his  subject,  for, 
from  personal  knowledge,  I  can  assert  that  the  overwhelming  ma- 
jority of  those  who  have  visited  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  have  been 
persons  to  whom  even  the  slight  expenditure  involved  in  the  trip 
was  a  financial  sacrifice. 

When  this  imperial  State  shall  have  become  settled  as  the  voice 
of  Destiny  seems  to  have  decreed,  and  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  is 
teeming  with  a  countless  population,  those  tillers  of  field  and  vine- 
yard will  look  to  the  mountains  as  a  place  of  refuge  from  the  great 
heat  of  the  summer  months.  The  campers  in  wagons  from  the  plains 
are  already  seeking  health  and  recreation  in  Yosemite  Valley  in  the 
summer  months  by  the  thousand,  and  it  is  well  known  that  the  place 
is  already  becoming  crowded  to  the  point  of  discomfort.  The  other 
available  places  which  these  tired,  hard-working  sons  of  toil  will 
naturally  seek  are  the  Big  Tuolumne  Meadows  and  Hetch-Hetchy 
Valley.  ' 

Instead  of  being  a  "rich  man's  playground."  the  Hetch-Hetchy 
Valley  is  destined  to  be  primarily  a  health-giving  resort  for  the 
wage-earner. 

The  Hetch-Hetchy  \'alley  has  been  called  "swampy"  and  a  "mos- 
quito-meadow," etc..  by  the  zealous  advocates  of  the  city.  There 
is  no  more  certain  indication  of  a  losing  cause  than  a  resort  by  its 
proponents  to  misrepresentation.  I  have  seen  the  Merced  River  so 
high  in  flood-time  that  a  large  portion  of  the  floor  of  the  Yosemite 
Valley  was  converted  into  a  temporary  lake.  I  have  experienced  at- 
tacks of  mosquitoes  in  the  Bridal  Veil  Meadows  at  the  lower  end 
of  the  Yosemite  Valley  that  would  put  the  Hetch-Hetchy  cohorts  to 
shame.  Such  arguments  would  be  equally  applicable  to  damming 
Yosemite  itself.  Only  the  lower  third  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley 
is  subject  to  temporary  flooding,  and  the  mosquitoes  there  last  but 
a  short  time  each  season.  The  upper  two-thirds  is  a  high  landscape 
garden,  beautified  by  exquisite  groves  of  mighty  oaks  and  carpeted 
with  flowers  and  ferns.  As  is  the  case  with  the  Yosemite,  a  system 
of  drainage  and  a  liberal  use  of  petroleum  will  eradicate  the  mos- 
quito nuisance.  The  advocates  of  this  water  system  say  that  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  is  inaccessible  and  can  only  be  visited  three  months  in 


612  OUT    WEST 

the  year.  This  is  a  poor  reason  for  destroying  it  when  it  can  be 
made  easily  accessible  with  the  expenditure  of  a  few  thousand  dollars 
and  can  eventually  be  kept  open  to  the  public  throughout  the  year. 
These  arguments  would  have  been  equally  applicable  to  the  Yosemite 
a  few  years  ago. 

It  is  often  given  as  a  reason  for  sacrificing  this  finest  half  of  the 
Park,  that  comparatively  few  resort  to  it  at  the  present  time.  We 
are  not  opposing  this  invasion  of  our  greatest  park  because  of  the 
present.  Even  should  the  city  succeed  in  damming  Hetch-Hetchy, 
it  could  not  well  do  so  before  most  of  us  would  have  revisited  it 
many  times.  We  are  not  actuated  by  selfish  motives,  though  we  have 
been  called  "hoggish  and  mushy  esthetes."  If  it  were  only  our  per- 
sonal pleasure  that  would  be  jeopardized,  San  Francisco  could  have 
the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  a  thousand  times  over. 

To  use  the  language  of  R.  U.  Johnson  of  the  Century  Magazine : 

"Let  us  say  at  once  that  we  hold  human  life  more  sacred  than  scenery,  than 
even  great  natural  wonderlands,  vastly  as  they  contribute  to  save  life  and 
promote  happiness ;  and  if  that  were  the  issue,  if  San  Francisco  could  not 
otherwise  obtain  an  abundant  water  supply,  we  should  be  willing  to  dedicate 
to  that  purpose  not  only  Hetch-Hetchy,  but  even  the  incomparable  Yosemite 
itself." 

Fortunately  we  are  looking  further  into  the  future  than  many  who 
have  discussed  this  subject.  Measured  by  the  present,  San  Francisco 
has  no  need  for  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley.  Then  why  measure  the 
need  of  this  wonderful  region  for  a  national  park  by  the  present 
travel  ? 

From  personal  knowledge  of  the  amount  of  travel  into  the 
Tuolumne  watershed  portion  of  the  Park  during  the  past  ten  years 
and  from  information  derived  from  those  who  have  had  the  best 
opportunity  to  judge,  the  travel  into  this  portion  of  the  park  has  in- 
creased nearly  ten-fold  during  the  past  ten  years.  The  travel  now 
amounts  to  nearly  a  thousand  persons  per  year,  and  it  will  not  be 
many  years  before  it  will  reach  ten  thousand.  Suppose  that  each  one 
of  these  travelers  spends  $100.00,  this  would  mean  placing  in  circu- 
lation in  this  State  $1,000,000  in  one  year,  which  is  5  per  cent  on  a 
capitalization  of  $20,000,000.  And  this  is  only  a  beginning.  Judg- 
ing by  the  past,  this  estimate  will  be  far  exceeded  long  before  San 
Francisco  could  possibly  be  in  a  position  to  utilize  the  Hetch-Hetchy. 
Is  this  asset  to  be  overlooked?  Surely  those  with  utilitarian  ideas 
of  thrift  would  not  ignore  it.  It  is  estimated  that  tourists  spend 
over  $500,000,000  annually  in  visiting  Europe ;  that  2,000,000  indi- 
viduals annually  resort  to  Switzerland,  and  spend  $200,000,000  in 
visiting  its  scenic  features.  Let  us  not  be  too  prodigal  with  our  op- 
portunities and  destroy  that  which  can  never  be  replaced  and  which 
will  attract  increasing  thousands  if  preserved. 

In  order  to  prejudice  in  their  favor  the  uninformed,  the  Hetch- 


— Copyright,    1908,   by   F.   M.   Fultz. 
Falls  at  the  Head  of  Tuolumne  Canon 


PROPOSED  DBSTRUCriON  OF  HETCH-HBTCHY    615 


Hetchy  advocates  have  proclaimed  that  damming  the  Hetch-Hetchy 
Valley  will  enhance  its  scenery  by  converting  it  into  a  beautiful 
mountain  lake.  The  first  answer  to  this  bit  of  sophistry  is  that  in 
the  surrounding  mountains  countless  beautiful  lakes  abound,  while 
there  is  only  one  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley.  Once  destroy  its  floor  by 
flooding,  and  unequaled  camp  grounds  that  will  accommodate  thou- 
sands of  persons  will  be  obliterated.  The  walls  are  so  precipitous 
that  it  could  not  be  viewed  with  ease  and  comfort  except  from  a 
very  few  places  and  from  the  artificial  scar  at  the  dam  site,  which 
is  far  removed  from  the  more  beautiful  portions  of  the  Valley.  If 
one  could  not  live  and  camp  on  the  floor  of  the  Valley  and  enjoy 
its  wonders  at  leisure,  how  many  would  take  the  long  trip  to  see  a 
reservoir  from  a  dam  ? 

And  then,  too,  we  must  remember  that  it  is  a  storage  reservoir  that 
will  be  constructed  and  as  soon  as  the  spring  freshets  are  over  the 
stored  water  will  be  drawn  from,  for  all  the  natural  flow  of  the 
Tuolumne,  to  the  amount  of  one  billion  five  hundred  million  gallons 
daily,  must  be  allowed  to  pass  on  down  the  river  to  the  irrigationists, 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  Secretary's  permit.  This  will  lower  the 
Avater  level  and  expose  an  unsightly  and  ill-smelling  margin  of  slime 
and  decay.  As  John  Muir  has  so  forcibly  expressed  it,  "a  mountain 
temple  will  be  turned  into  a  mountain  sepulchre."  Some  of  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  advocates  have  denied  that  this  will  result,  but  it 
merely  betrays  their  ignorance,  for  we  would  not  charge  them  with 
so  serious  an  offense  as  willful  misrepresentation.  I  have  bathed  on 
the  shores  of  Lake  Eleanor  at  half  a  dozen  diflferent  places  and  at 
each  place  the  lake  bottom  near  the  shore  and  but  a  few  feet  in 
depth  was  rank  with  aquatic  growth  and  what  is  commonly  known  as 
"green  slime."  If  the  level  of  Lake  Eleanor  had  been  lowered  but 
a  few  feet,  this  unsightly  margin  would  be  exposed  and  the  odor  of 
decaying  vegetation  would  be  insufferable.  Lake  Eleanor  is  but  four 
miles  from  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  in  a  direct  line  and  is  1000  feet 
higher  in  altitude.  With  a  greater  amount  of  sunlight  and  heat  re- 
flected from  the  vertical  walls  the  conditions 'for  the  growth  of  algae 
will  be  vastly  more  favorable  in  an  artificial  reservoir  in  the  Valley 
than  at  Lake  Eleanor.  Let  anyone  visit  the  Kern  Lakes  in  the 
Kern  Canyon  who  wants  to  see  what  would  occur  in  the  Hetch- 
Hetchy  Valley  in  the  way  of  aquatic  growth,  and  then  imagine  what 
would  happen  if  the  water  were  drawn  oflF,  even  partially,  and  the 
growth  left  exposed  to  decay. 

A  leading  apologist  for  the  Hetch-Hetchy  scheme  has  likened  it 
to  the  Los  Angeles-Owens  River  project.  It  is  not  a  happy  com- 
parison. With  sound  economic  sense  Los  Angeles  first  utilized  to 
the  fullest  limit  all  nearby  sources  of  supply.     She  then  went  to  a 


616  OUT    WEST 

perfectly  legitimate  source  in  the  National  Forest  Reserve,  where 
there  are  no  scenic  beauties  to  be  destroyed,  and,  like  a  self-respect- 
ing city,  bought  and  paid  for  all  conflicting  rights  and  claims. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  coterie  at  present  in  the  saddle  in  San 
Francisco  has  ignored  and  left  behind  her  present  source  of  supply, 
capable,  according  to  Engijieer  Grunsky  and  Prof.  Geo.  Davidson, 
of  being  developed  to  a  daily  capacity  of  over  109,000,000  gallons — 
three  times  her  present  consumption ;  they  have  ignored  and  shut  out 
from  consideration  the  legitimate  sources  of  supply  in  the  forest 
reserves  of  the  Sierras  and  the  Coast  range ;  and  with  the  mercenary 
hope  of  getting  something  for  nothing  they  seek  the  rape  of  this 
fairest  virgin  valley  of  Yosemite  National  Park. 

The  chief  proponent  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  scheme  has  said  that 
travel  to  the  Tuolumne  Meadows  would  not  be  greatly  interfered 
with  and  that  danger  of  pollution  would  be  less  than  on  other  water- 
sheds. He  evidently  judges  by  the  present  alone.  This  might  possi- 
bly be  true  if  the  travel  into  the  Meadows  never  increased,  but  bear 
in  mind  that  in  the  last  decade  travel  has  increased  ten-fold  and  bids 
fair  to  increase  in  the  future  in  still  greater  proportion.  The  State 
Road  from  Mono  County  up  the  Eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra  is  nearly 
completed.  It  will  connect  with  the  old  Tioga  Mining  Road  and 
will  undoubtedly  be  one  of  the  great  highways  of  travel  crossing  the 
Sierra,  passing  through  the  Tuolumne  Meadows  and  crossing  the 
main  river.  It  is  manifest  that  any  of  the  other  available  sources, 
all  of  which  are  protected  by  Forest  Reserves,  will  be  subject  to 
less  liability  of  contamination  than  will  the  Tuolumne  supply  with  its 
constantly  increasing  travel. 

Moreover,  all  the  great  authorities  on  the  subject  of  sanitation  of 
municipal  water  supplie3,  including  J.  Horace  McFarland,  President 
of  the  American  Civic  Association,  differ  with  the  proponents  of  this 
scheme  and  agree  that  the  use  of  Hetch-Hetchy  as  a  reservoir  for  a 
municipal  supply  will  mean  the  eventual  exclusion  of  the  traveling 
public  from  the  entire  watershed,  embracing  the  finest  half  of  the 
park.  Looking  into  tKe  future,  we  must  realize  that  this  irrecon- 
cilable and  divided  use  of  the  watershed  will  mean  continual  warfare 
with  the  municipal  authorities,  who  would  put  forth  an  irresistible 
effort  to  effect  rigid  exclusion  should  an  epidemic  of  typhoid  occur 
in  San  Francisco.  The  other  alternative,  and  the  only  procedure 
that  self-respecting  communities  will  follow,  when  in  a  few  years 
this  question  of  sanitation  is  thoroughly  understood,  will  be  the  care- 
ful filtration  of  all  municipal  water  supplies.  If  this  is  to  be  resorted 
to,  what  an  enormous  saving  to  the  tax-payers  of  San  Francisco 
would  result  from  taking  the  water  from  the  San  Joaquin,  where  it 
is  at  all  times  freely  available,  and  pumping  it  over  the  Coast  Range 


— Photo   by   F.  M.   Fultz. 
Giant  Oaks  in  the  Fern  Gardens  of  Hetch-Hetchy 


OUT    WES r 

at  times  and  to  the  amounts  needed,  saving  the  entire  enormous 
expenditure  of  the  impounding  works  in  the  Sierra  and  the  conduit 
system  as  proposed  to  its  crossing  of  the  San  Joaquin.  And  for 
the  filtration  of  a  supply  so  obtained  there  is  available  in  the  city's 
present  system  a  great  reservoir,  the  base  of  which  is  said  to  be  an 
enormous  gravel  bed,  through  which  as  a  natural  filter  200,000,000 
gallons  daily  could  be  passed. 

The  advocates  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  as  a  source  of  supply 
seem  to  overlook  and  leave  the  uninformed  public  without  the  real- 
ization that  the  use  of  water  for  the  development  of  power  does  not 
destroy  or  consume  it— ^it  still  exists  and  persists  on  its  way  to  the 
sea.  Their  continued  consideration  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  source 
alone  and  their  persistent  ignoring  of  all  the  other  possible  sources 
of  water,  which  the  merest  tyro  must  admit  exist  in  the  many  rivers 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the  Coast  Range,  and  which  can  be  seen 
upon  consulting  any  good  map,  have  given  rise  to  the  surmise  that 
it  is  not  entirely  and  merely  water  that  these  zealous  advocates  of 
this  one  source  are  so  persistently  seeking,  but  that  in  addition  the 
enormous  power  to  be  developed  is  directly  or  indirectly  the  ulterior 
object  sought.  When  the  list  of  sources  described  in  this  article  is 
considered,  it  will  be  seen  that  from  two  of  them  continuous  flows  of 
water  have  been  developed  and  will  be  necessarily  maintained  by  the 
two  Power  Companies  who  have  been  at  such  enormous  expense  to 
impound  and  store  the  waters  necessary  to  produce  the  uniform 
amount  of  power  throughout  the  year.  From  the  tail  races  of  these 
two  systems  will  flow  uniform  quantities  of  enormous  daily  amount, 
gathered  in  the  snows  of  Forest  Reserves  far  remote  from  visita- 
tion, resort  or  habitation,  and  unquestionably  as  pure  in  quality  as 
any  possible  natural  sources  of  supply.  And  even  these  two  systems 
as  outlined  both  carry  the  possibility  of  further  filtration  and  purifi- 
cation when  deemed  necessary,  through  natural  gravel  beds  of  great 
extent. 

This  naturally  leads  to  the  enumeration  of  other  available  sources 
of  supply.  Mr.  Phelan,  one  of  the  leading  proponents  of  the  Hetch- 
Hetchy  scheme,  testified  before  the  Senate  Committee  on  Public 
Lands  that  "there  are  no  less  than  half  a  dozen  water  supplies  from 
the  Sierras."  Professor  Marx,  one  of  the  city's  eminent  experts,  has 
given  it  as  his  judgment  that  there  is  not  sufficient  information  now 
available,  upon  which  to  base  an  opinion  as  to  the  comparative  merits 
of  the  various  Sierra  sources.  Among  the  several  systems  that  in  the 
matters  of  cost,  and  amount  and  purity  of  water  will  compare  favor- 
ably with  the  Hetch-Hetchy  project,  is  that  of  the  Stanislaus  Power 
Company,  which,  as  above  noted,  is  as  vitally  interested  in  storing 
sufficient  water  in  reservoirs  above  the  tail  race  and  equalizing  the 


/ 


-Copyright,    1908,    by    F.   M.   Fultz. 


MuiR  Gorge,  Tuolumne  Canon 


620  our    WEST 

flow  of  the  river  to  make  it  as  nearly  uniform  as  possible  throughout 
the  year,  as  could  be  the  city  of  San  Francisco.  A  continuous  maxi- 
mum flow  of  water  is  essential  to  the  successful  operation  of  their 
power  plant.  They  have  already  constructed  dams  and  will  in  time 
construct  others  so  as  to  store  a  quantity  of  water  in  excess  of  that 
which  can  be  stored  in  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley.  How  simple  to  divert 
this  continuous  flow  of  water  that  has  already  been  reservoired,  and 
use  it  for  a  municipal  supply.  The  power  rights  above  the  tail  race 
are  held  in  private  ownership,  it  is  true ;  but,  as  we  have  suggested 
above,  the  generation  of  electric  power  does  not  consume  and  destroy 
in  some  mysterious  manner,  the  passing  water,  as  the  assertions  of 
certain  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  advocates  would  lead  us  to  believe. 
Until  the  water  itself  is  actually  put  to  some  beneficial  use,  it  cannot 
be  subjected  to  private  ownership  and  others  prevented  from  using 
it.  The  rights  along  the  Stanislaus  River  below  the  Power  Com- 
pany's tail  race,  as  I  am  informed  by  one  who  has  made  a  careful 
examination  of  the  situation,  are  few  and  of  minor  importance.  There 
are  none  but  could  be  easily  condemned  or  purchased  outright  at  a 
comparatively  small  figure.  These  rights  on  the  Stanislaus  do  not 
begin  to  compare  in  importance  with  the  private  rights  that  have 
already  attached  to  the  Tuolumne  River  below  Hetch-Hetchy.  One 
billion  five  hundred  million  gallons  per  day  of  natural  flow  has  been 
guaranteed  the  Turlock  and  Modesto  Irrigation  districts  by  the  City 
of  San  Francisco,  not  to  mention  the  right  to  augment  this  natural 
flow  by  storage,  which  right  of  storage  is  only  limited  by  available 
reservoir  sites.  These  will  increase  indefinitely  as  the  science  of  en- 
gineering advances. 

Since  the  recent  decision  of  Miller  &  Lux  vs.  Madera  Water  Co., 
the  city  will  have  to  condemn  all  the  riparian  rights  on  the  Tuolumne, 
which  the  Supreme  Court  has  held  attach  to  flood  waters  as  well  as 
to  minimum  flow.  These  are  much  more  important  on  the  Tuolumne 
than  on  the  Stanislaus,  where  there  is  greater  rainfall  and  a  less 
area  of  irrigable  land.  The  Stanislaus  company  once  offered  to  build 
a  complete  transmission  system  and  deliver  to  the  City  of  San  Fran- 
cisco for  actual  cost  plus  ten  per  cent,  a  maximum  supply  of  water 
equal  to  any  possible  requirements  and  to  guarantee  all  titles  under 
satisfactory  bond. 

We  can  reasonably  assume  that  the  cost  of  the  Stanislaus  project 
would  be  about  the  same  as  the  Hetch-Hetchy,  and  if  anything  would 
be  slightly  less.  In  actual  distance  the  Stanislaus  project  would 
appear  to  have  a  slight  advantage  over  the  Hetch-Hetchy.  Mr. 
Manson  has  made  the  same  allowance  of  10  per  cent  and  added  it  to 
the  cost  of  actual  construction  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  project.  The 
Stanislaus  River  heads  in  a  granite  country  similar  in  its  character- 


— Photo  by  J.  N.  Le  Conte. 
The  Tuolumne  Flows  in  Tranquil   Beauty  Through   the   Hetch-Hetchy. 


622  OUT     WEST 

istics  to  the  Tuolumne  and  is  protected  by  a  Forest  Reserve.  It  is 
to  be  noted  in  this  connection  that  the  Forest  Reserve  Use  Book 
contains  the  following  provision  : 

"The  Forest  Service  aims  to  improve  and  protect  the  forest  cover  of  water- 
sheds within  National  Forests  on  which  adjacent  cities  and  towns  are  de- 
pendent for  their  water  supply." 

Another  possible  source  for  San  Francisco  that  has  never  received 
a  complete  and  exhaustive  investigation,  but  which  the  data  now 
available  tend  strongly  to  indicate  will  cost  much  less  than  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  project,  is  the  South  fork  of  the  Eel  River.  The  Snow 
Mountain  Power  and  Water  Company  has  already  diverted  the  flow 
of  this  river  through  a  tunnel,  and  allows  the  water  to  escape  into 
the  Russian  River  after  generating  power.  This  water  flows  down 
the  natural  channel  of  the  Russian  River  fifty  or  sixty  miles,  and 
can  be  diverted  near  Cloverdale  after  being  filtered  through  extensive 
natural  gravel  beds  that  exist  in  that  vicinity.  The  water  can  then 
be  taken  in  a  pipe  line  and  run  by  gravity  along  near  the  North- 
western Pacific  Railroad  grade  to  tide  water  on  San  Pablo  Bay. 
The  distance  would  be  less  than  two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the 
proposed  Hetch-Hetchy  line  and  being  a  gravity  system  running 
close  to  a  railroad  would  mean  an  enormous  saving  in  cost  of  pipe 
line  and  transportation  of  materials  necessary  for  construclion.  The 
crossing  of  San  Pablo  Bay  would  be  a  simple  matter  and  small  ex- 
pense compared  with  the  crossing  of  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  and 
the  pumping  over  the  Coast  Range  at  Altamont,  as  would  have  to  be 
done  in  the  case  of  the  Hetch-Hetchy  system. 

A.  M.  Hunt,  an  eminent  engineer,  has  estimated  that  60,000,000 
gallons  per  day  can  be  brought  to  San  Francisco  from  this  source 
for  approximately  $12,000,000,  or  for  a  little  more  than  a  third  of 
what  the  city  engineer  has  estimated  it  would  cost  to  bring  in  the 
same  amount  from  the  Hetch-Hetchy  system.  The  amount  of  water 
can  be  increased  to  200,000,000  gallons  per  day  when  required. 
There  is  ample  storage  on  the  Eel  River,  its  source  is  on  Snow  Moun- 
tain and  vicinity,  it  is  protected  by  a  Forest  Reserve,  and  there  is 
little  habitation  on  the  watershed,  either  present  or  prospective.  All 
danger  of  contamination  is  efifectually  eliminated  by  the  filtering 
above  mentioned.  This  is  an  ideal  and  cheap  source  for  Berkeley, 
Oakland  atid  Alameda,  since  the  pipe  line  could  be  brought  through 
these  cities  on  its  way  to  the  San  Francisco  peninsula  reservoirs. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  city  in  the  world  of  her  size  has  more  avail- 
able sources  than  has  San  Francisco.  Eminent  hydraulic  engineers 
have  endorsed  many  of  the  following  sources  from  which  San  Fran- 
cisco can  obtain  a  water  supply : 

(1)     The  Spring  Valley  Water  Works'  supplies — Lake  Merced, 


—  i'huLj   by  J.   N.   l^e   Conte. 
Ike  SuBLiMK   Rocks  of  its   Walls  Glow   with   Life. 


624   <  our    WES  T 

Pilarcitos,  San  Andreas  and  Crystal  Springs,  Portola,  San  Gregorio 
and  west  slope  drainage,  Alameda  Creek,  Pleasanton  Wells,  Suaol 
Gravels,  Calaveras  Creek,  San  Antonio  Creek,  etc.,  and  to  these  it  is 
possible  to  add  Purissima,  Pescadero,  etc. 

(2)  Lake  Tahoe. 

(3)  Yuba  River. 

(4)  Feather   River. 

(5)  American  River. 

(6)  Sacramento  River. 

(7)  Eel  River. 

(8)  Cache  Creek  (Clear  Lake). 

(9)  San  Joaquin  River. 

(10)  Stanislaus  River. 

(11)  Mokelumne  River. 

(12)  Tuolumne  River. 

(13)  Bay  Shore  Gravels. 

(14)  Bay  Cities  Water  Company's  resources. 

W^e  do  not  contend  that  all  of  these  sources  are  available  and  de- 
sirable, but  many  of  them  are. 

The  endangered  portion  of  the  Park,  the  Tuolumne  watershed, 
includes  the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley,  the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Tuol- 
umne and  the  Tuolumne  Meadows.  Through  the  latter  pass  many 
important  trails — to  Mono  Pass,  to  Donohue  Pass,  to  Leevining 
Pass,  to  Tuolumne  Pass,  to  Matterhorn  Canyon,  to  Tuolumne 
Canyon  and  to  Yosemite  by  way  of  the  Sunrise  ^Trail  and  the  Tioga 
Road.  Encircling  it,  and  therefore  a  part  of  the  watershed  that 
must  be  protected,  are  Cathedral  Peak,  Unicorn,  Rafiferty,  McClure, 
Lyell,  the  Kuna  Crest,  Gibbs,  Dana  and  Conness — in  short,  the 
greatest,  most  glorious  mountains  of  the  Park,  save  only  Ritter, 
which  lies  beyond  the  watershed  indeed,  but  whose  only  practicable 
approach  for  the  ordinary  traveler  is  by  way  of  the  Meadows  and 
Donohue  Pass. 

But  this  great  Upper  Tuolumne  Valley  is  not  only  the  highway  to 
scenes  of  wonder  and  beauty,  it  is  itself  a  spacious  region  of  en- 
chantment that  lures  the  traveler  back  to  it  again  and  again.  For 
twenty  miles  the  verdant  meadows,  studded  with  countless  flowers, 
follow  the  sparkling  river.  Groves  of  tamaracks,  stretching  down 
from  the  heavily  wooded  walls  of  the  basin  that  slope  to  meet  the 
high  gray,  snow-crowned  peaks,  here  and  there  invade  the  level  of 
the  meadows,  offering  hospitable  shelter  to  campers  innumerable. 
Trout  are  abundant,  the  pasturage  for  pack  animals  is  the  best  in 
the  Sierra,  the  delicious  mineral  springs  near  Lambert's  Dome  are 
alone  attraction  enough  for  thousands  of  visitors.  Above  all,  the 
clear,  bright  unbroken  sunshine  of  the  California  summer  makes  a 


— Photo  by  E.  T.  Parsons. 
Sunrise  in  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley 


626  OUT    WEST 

paradise  for  the  out-of-door  man  that  no  other  mountain  parkland 
affords. 

Bglow  the  Meadows  the  Tuokmine  River  plunges  into  the  narrow 
gorge  of  the  Grand  Canyon.  Here  the  charm  of  the  wide  meadow 
and  the  exhilaration  of  the  high,  open  country  is  changed  to  the 
wilder  grandeur  of  stern;  boldly  sculptured  cliffs  and  the  roar  and 
thunder  of  mighty  cataracts.  Four  thousand  feet  the  river  bed  falls 
in  a  horizontal  distance  of  less  than  ten  miles,  while  the  walls  main- 
tain their  average  elevation  of  8500  feet  and  rise  in  occasional  spires 
and  domes  to  9700  feet.  Were  a  thousand  feet  added  to  the 
Yosemite  walls,  and  were  they  set  closer  together  by  half  the  present 
width,  of  the  valley  floor,  they  would  fail  to  attain  the  height  and 
towering  majesty  of  some  of  the  Tuolumne  cliffs. 

Nor  are  the  lesser  beauties  of  forest  and  meadow  wanting.  All 
the  charm  of  tree,  plant  and  animal  life  is  to  be  found  at  intervals 
in  the  level  stretches  of  cafion  floor  that  are  set  between  its  more 
rugged  sections.  Here  are  little  gem-like  meadows,  forest  fringed, 
benched  on  occasional  level  margins.  Through  these  runs  the  cen- 
turies-old canon  trail,  the  highway  of  generations  of  deer  and  bear, 
for  the  lack  of  any  fire  scars  in  these  woodland  patches  shows  that 
the  Indians  never  traversed  the  rugged  cafion.  Only  in  a  widening 
out  of  the  canon  approached  by  trails  from  the  upland  region  to  the 
north  is  found  the  human  and  historical  interest  in  the  traces  of  old 
Indian  encampments  to  be  seen  amid  the  oak  orchards  of  Pate  Val- 
ley, a  gem  of  cafion  scenery  about  midway  between  Hetch-Hetchy 
and  the  Meadows.  Bear  and  deer  are  here  plentiful,  and  more  trout 
are  to  be  seen  than  in  any  other  river  of  the  Sierra,  save,  possibly, 
the  Kern. 

This  caiion,  as  yet  traversed  by  few,  has  never  been  adequately 
photographed  nor  described.  In  the  opinion  of  John  Muir  and 
others  who  have  seen  it,  its  majestic  grandeur  of  cliff  and  crag,  its 
variety  of  cataract  and  waterfall,  the  softened  beauty  of  its  hos- 
pitable camping  spots  m  wooded  glen  and  grassy  bench — all  will 
make  it  rival  the  most  celebrated  scenic  resorts  of  the  world  when 
a  horse  trail  and  eventually  a  road  through  its  length  opens  it  to  the 
park  travel. 

Shall  this  matchless  region,  where  the  voice  of  Nature  whispers 
in  softest  harmony  and  anon  rises  to  thunder  tones,  where  countless 
charms  of  form  and  color  glisten  in  the  sun,  where  rugged  grandeur 
and  delicate  tracery  appear  in  endless  panorama  to  rejoice  the  eye — 
shall  this  be  forever  closed  and  barred  from  the  enjoyment  of  the 
present  and  of  posterity  ? 

Passing  from  the  Tuolumne  caiion  into  Hetch-Hetchy  is  like  en- 
tering a  haven  of  peace  after  a  storm.     Here,too,  are  stern  granite 


UNIVERSITY 

OF 

*        °^^^-lD  DESTRUCTION  OF  HETCH-HBTCHY    627 

cliffs  and  the  sound  of  falling  waters,  but  here  we  do  not  need  to 
live  so  close  under  the  shadow  of  the  frowning  walls  nor  feel  the 
ground  tremble  with  the  cataract's  force.  Instead,  we  move  through 
a  wonderful  garden,  shoulders  abrush  with  tall  grasses  or  the  yellow 
blossoms  of  the  evening  primrose,  through  wonderful  groves  of  fir, 
of  pine,  of  libocedrus,  or  of  giant  oaks.  Here  are  spacious,  beautiful 
camping  grounds  for  thousands  beside  the  smoothly  flowing  river, 
with  vistas  through  the  trees  of  tall  Kolana  Dome,  of  the  mighty 
Hetch-Hetchy  Fall,  or' of  delicate  Tueeulala.  Here  is  a  garden  of 
paradise,  shut  in  from  the  troubled  outside  world  by  blue-creviced 
cliffs,  lurking  place  of  mysterious  shadows  by  day ;  by  night,  when 
the  moon  shines,  a  realm  of  ghostly  phantasy,  where  fairies  might 
weave  their  fabric  of  dreams. 

This  valley  has  charmed  the  souls  of  John  Aluir,  Joseph  Le  Conte, 
William  Keith,  and  Harriet  Monroe,  master  artists  of  pen  and 
brush — this  is  the  Valley  that  is  belittled  and  misrepresented  by  the 
advocates  of  an  unworthy  cause. 


THE  linne:t 

By  ISABEL  BELLMAN. 

ON  topmost  bough  a  lilting  Imnet  sings. 
He  may  not  be  a  thought's  space  nearer  God 
Than  I  that  tread  so  heavily  the  sod, 
And  yet  I  crave  his  ecstasy — his  wings. 

From  lifted  throat — pulsating  waywardly — 
Into  the  far  blue  fleets  that  bubbling  wave. 
Doth  ear  celestial  hear,  and  likewise  crave 
The  topmost  bough — those  wings — that  ecstasy  ? 

Craven,  to  cavil  at  these  feet  that  plod ! 
Behold,  my  soul  hath  taken  buoyant  wing. 
And  with  the  lilting  linnet,  it  doth  sing 
In  kindred  faith  and  joyance  unto  God. 


Berkelev,   Cal. 


628 


THE    BEGINNING  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO 

By  ROBERT  E.  CO IV AN. 

"Serene,  indifferent  of  Fate, 
Thou  sittest  at  the  Western  Gate." — Harte. 

jLTHOUGH'  written  two  decades  earlier  by  California's 
gifted  poet,  these  lines  were  never  more  true  than  on 
that  beauteous  fateful  morning  in  April,  1906,  which 
witnessed  the  tragic  passing  of  San  Francisco.  Calm 
and  indifferent  in  her  splendid  isolation,  regal  and  glor- 
ious, the  great  metropolis  of  the  Pacific  sat  serenely  on  the  edge 
of  the  Western  world.  Other  cities  have  borne  a  greater  antiquity ; 
have  possessed  more  ancient  institutions  and  a  longer  tradition ; 
but  few  have  had  a  greater  wealth  of  romance  or  a  more  remark- 
able history  than  has  had  San  Francisco,  and  which  she  has  justly 
inherited  from  her  sovereign  mother,  California. 

Among  the  many  colonies  of  Spain,  California  was  one  early 
discovered,  even  within  half  a  century  after  the  first  voyage  of  the 
great  navigator,  Columbus.  It  is  only  one  of  the  many  strange 
features  in  its  unique  history  that  the  name  California  was  known 
long  before  the  territory  was  actually  discovered.  A  long-forgotten 
romance,  the  ''Sergas  de  Esplandian,"  written  by  Ordofiez  de 
Montalvo,  had  been  published  in  Sevilla  as  early  as  1510.  This 
author,  fertile  in  imagination  and  gifted  in  powers  of  description, 
has  recorded  that  California  was  an  island  "on  the  right  hand  of 


The   Earliest    Known    Picture   of   the   Mission    at    San    Francisco, 
Taken  About   1854. 


THE  BEGINNING  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO.  629 

the  Indies,  very  near  the  Terrestrial  Paradise,"  and  inhabited  by 
Amazons,  griffins  and  other  strange  creatures,  invented  by  a  riotous 
imagination.  This  old  romance  in  its  time  was  popular  and  much 
read,  and  without  doubt  the  newly-discovered  territory  was  given 
its  name  by  some  member  of  one  of  the  early  exploring  expeditions. 

Following  the  unsuccessful  expedition  of  Cortez,  and  the  doubt- 
ful attempts  of  Ulloa,  Alarcon,  and  Melchor  Diaz,  who  possibly 
saw  California  from  the  Colorado  River,  Upper,  or  (as  the  Spanish 
explorers  named  it)  Alta  California,  was  discovered  on  the  28th 
of  September,  1542,  by  Juan  Rodriguez  Cabrillo.  This  explorer, 
with  his  pilot,  Ferrelo,  came  from  Navidad,  in  Mexico,  in  command 
of  two  Spanish  vessels.  He  discovered  a  "land-locked  and  very 
good  harbor,"  which  he  named  San  Miguel,  and  located  in  latitude 
34  deg.  20  min.  The  descriptions  and  bearings  taken  from  his 
original  report  are  neither  entirely  correct  nor  consistent  with  later 
knowledge,  but  it  is  conceded  that  this  bay  where  he  stopped  is 
what  is  now  called  San  Diego  Bay,  and  that  he  and  his  companions 
were  the  first  white  men  ever  to  land  upon  the  territory  now  known 
as  California. 

Cabrillo's  exploration  proceeded  northward,  touching  at  various 
points  until  Cape  Mendocino  was  reached.  On  his  return  to  San 
Miguel,  Cabrillo,  who  had  previously  suffered  a  severe  injury,  died 
on  the  3rd  of  January,  1543,  and  was  fittingly  placed  to  rest  within 
the  soil  of  the  famous  territory  of  his  memorable  discovery. 

During  the  next  sixty  years,  four  explorers  visited  and  sailed 
along  the  California  coast,  and  from  the  death  of  Cabrillo  until 
1769  all  knowledge  of  California  is  founded  upon  the  reports  ,of 
these  four  expeditions.  Francis  Drake,  "the  master  thiefe  of  the 
Unknowne  World,"  came  to  California  in  1579.  His  voyage  is 
widely  known  and  much  has  been  written  concerning  it,  especially 
of  his  reputed  discovery  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  Although 
he  sailed  past  along  the  coast  as  near  as  the  Farallones,  it  has 
been  disproved  conclusively  that  he  entered  the  bay  or  ever  saw 
it.  The  name,  "Francis  Drake's  Bay,"  was  confused  by  the  old 
geographers  with  "San  Francisco"  and  "St.  Francis,"  with  the 
result  that  some  of  the  old  maps  show  the  existence  of  "St.  Francis 
Drake's  Bay."  According  to  some  of  the  biographers  of  Sir  Fran- 
cis, his  character  and  attributes  were  scarcely  those  essential  to 
canonization.  The  failure  of  Drake  and  others  to  discover  the 
Bay  of  San  Francisco  has  been  attributed  to  the  heavy  fogs  that 
envelop  and  conceal  the  entrance  to  the  Golden  Gate. 

Francisco  de  Gali  explored  the  coast  of  California  in  1584,  Sebas- 
tian Rodriguez  de  Cermefion  in  1595,  and  Sebastian  Vizcaino  in 
1602-03.    Of  the  expeditions  of  the  two  former  but  little  is  known 


630  OUT    WEST 

Vizcaino  discovered  the  Bay  of  Monterey,  which  he  named,  calling 
it  the  "Famous  Port  of  Monterey." 

With  the  exception  of  that  of  Drake,  the  narratives  of  these  early 
explorers  are  somewhat  meager  in  details  and  contain  compara- 
tively little  of  description.  As  might  be  expected,  the  landfalls 
are  more  or  less  fully  described,  with  the  sailing  directions  and 
observations  and  soundings.  Details  regarding  the  character  of  the 
country,  its  inhabitants  and  its  natural  history  are  not  so  complete, 
although  in  this  direction  the  information  contained  in  the  account 
of  Vizcaino's  voyage  is  more  extensive  than  that  found  in  the  narra- 
tives of  the  others.  Francisco  de  Gali  has  described  Cape  Mendo- 
cino, although  it  appears  to  have  been  named  at  a  much  earlier 
period.  Drake's  account  has  been  issued  in  many  forms  and  is 
easily  accessible,  but  the  narratives  of  the  others  never  appeared 
separately  and  are  to  be  found  only  in  collected  works,  like  those 
of  Torquemada  and  Herrera. 

It  is  entirely  in  accord  with  the  strange  history  of  California 
that  from  the  time  of  Vizcaino  in  1602  to  the  first  colonization  in 
1769,  the  territory  remained  unvisited  and  unknown.  Explorers  of 
the  early  18th  century — Edward  Cooke,  Shelvocke,  Betagh,  Anson 
and  others — had  sailed  along  the  coast  of  Lower  California,  but 
made  no  effort  to  explore  higher  latitudes.  The  object  of  the 
Spanish  expeditions  had  been  to  find  a  suitable  port  for  the  Philip- 
pine ships,  and  a  watering  place ;  possibly  also  to  discover  the 
mythic  Straits  of  Anian.  The  English  had  in  view  solely  conquest 
and  the  discovery  of  a  Northwest  Passage,  and  California  did  not 
present  great  attractions,  being  described  as  an  inhospitable  country, 
barren  and  desolate,  peopled  by  savages  and  unfitted  to  sustain  life. 

The  first  attempt  to  settle  and  colonize  Upper  California  was 
made  in  1769.  This  was  a  partial  awakening  from  the  long  indif- 
ference which  the  Spanish-Mexican  authorities  had  displayed.  The 
expulsion  of  the  Jesuits  in  1767  had  in  a  measure  centered  the 
attention  of  the  realm  upon  the  Lower  Californian  settlements,  and 
the  extending  explorations  of  the  Russians  upon  the  northwest 
coast  of  America  caused  Spain  to  have  some  apprehension  for  her 
northern  frontiers.  Expeditions  were  formed  to  proceed  by  land 
and  sea.  The  expedition  by  sea  was  unfortunate  in  every  respect 
and  an  utter  failure.  Over  two-thirds  of  the  crew  died  from  the 
eflfects  of  scurvy,  and  the  vessels,  the  San  Antonio  and  the  San 
Carlos,  suffered  severely  from  the  storms  they  encountered. 

The  land  expeditions  were  two  in  number.  The  first,  under  Cap- 
tain Fernando  Rivera  y  Moncada,  accompanied  by  Padre  Juan 
Crespi,  reached  San  Diego  on  the  14th  of  May,  1769.  The  second, 
commanded  by  Caspar  de  Portola  (destined  to  become  Governor 
of  the  territory),  accompanied  by  Padre  Junipero  Serra,  arrived  on 


THE  BEGINNING   OF  SAN  FRANCISCO.  631 

the  1st  of  July.  After  Serra's  arrival  but  little  time  was  lost;  for 
on  the  11th  of  July,  1769,  the  Mission  of  San  Diego  was  founded. 
Three  days  later,  on  July  14th,  Portola  with  nearly  all  his  forces 
marched  northward,  Monterey  being  the  point  of  destination.  With 
him  were  the  officers  Jose  Francisco  Ortega  and  Pedro  Fages,  the 
engineer  Miguel  Costanso,  Padres  Juan  Crespi  and  Francisco 
Gomez,  and  the  various  other  members  of  "the  expedition,  forming 
in  all  a  company  of  sixty-four  persons.  Although  it  is  supposed 
that  they  had  Cabrera  Bueno's  Navegacion  with  them,  either  by 
miscalculation  or  failure  to  observe  carefully  the  directions,  the 
port  of  Monterey  was  passed  and  the  expedition  in  its  search 
reached  the  Peninsula  of  San  Francisco.  Here,  on  the  7th  of 
November,  1769,  Padre  Juan  Crespi,  who  was  virtually  in  com- 
mand, saw  the  outer  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  but  was  unaware  of 
the  fact  and  did  not  record  it  as  a  discovery. 

On  the  return,  after  many  tedious  delays  in  journeying  and  re- 
journeying,  the  Mission  and  Presidio  of  San  Carlos  Borromeo  de 
Monterey  was  founded  on  June  3,  1770.  Padres  Serra  and  Crespi 
had  accompanied  the  expedition  and  they  assumed  charge  of  the 
Mission.  A  few  humble  huts  were  erected  on  a  site  surveyed  by 
Costanso,  the  engineer,  and  all  were  enclosed  by  palisades.  Salutes 
were  fired  and  thanksgiving  masses  were  celebrated,  the  news  was 
dispatched  to  San  Diego,  and,  as  an  eminent  historian  has  said,  "men 
then  came  to  California  with  a  view  to  live  and  die  here." 

Of  these  several  expeditions  there  are  numerous  accounts  extant, 
some  having  been  printed  and  others  remaining  in  the  original 
manuscript  form.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  narratives,  being 
observations  of  distances,  altitudes  and  bearings,  may  be  found 
somewhat  tedious,  but  among  the  description  is  much  of  great 
interest.  The  character  of  the  country  and  all  of  its  natural  fea- 
tures, particularly  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  Indians,  forms 
entertaining  reading.  Curious  details  abound,  and  not  infrequently 
differences  of  opinion.  In  a  letter  to  Padre  Andres,  dated  June  11, 
1770,  Padre  Crespi  says:  "On  the  31st  of  May,  eight  days  after 
our  arrival,  the  vessel  {San  Antonio)  was  sighted  near  Point 
Pinos.  *  *  *  They  cast  anchor  the  same  night  in  six  fathoms, 
and  the  Captain  of  the  mail  boat  was  in  Monte-rey.  *  *  *  it 
is  a  most  famous  Port,  according  to  what  the  sailors  say."  Two 
days  later  (June  13th)  he  writes  to  Padre  Junipero  Serra,  "The 
mail  boat  San  Antonio  arrived,  and  cast  anchor  in  this  horrible 
Port  of  Monterey." 

The  hardships  endured  on  these  expeditions  were  frequently 
severe.  The  food  was  coarse  and  often  scant,  the  roads  rough  and 
sometimes  nearly  impassable,  the  weather  inclement,  and  not  in- 


632 


OUT    WEST 


THE  BEGINNING  OP  SAN  FRANCISCO.  633 

frequently  the  members  of  the  expedition  were  overtaken  by  sick- 
ness, Padre  Serra  himself  being  a  constant  suflferer. 

After  the  founding  of  Monterey,  other  settlements  were  formed 
and  other  missions  established,  many  Indians  had  been  baptized, 
colonization  was  progressing,  and  the  history  of  California  had 
begun.  Of  the  leader  of  the  first  expedition  in  1769,  but  little  is 
known,  less  indeed  than  of  any  of  his  officers  or  the  padres  who 
accompanied  him.  Among  the  characters  of  those  earliest  days  of 
California  after  her  settlement,  the  figure  of  Caspar  de  Portola 
is  a  shadowy  one.  He  was,  until  July  9,  1770,  the  first  ruler  of 
California,  rather  as  military  commandant  than  Governor,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Mexico,  and  it  is  not  known  that  he  ever  re- 
visited California.  Nine  years  later  he  was  Governor  of  Puebla, 
Mexico,  and  then  is  lost  to  history. 

Meantime  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  with  its  superb  beauty  and 
its  great  future  possibilities,  was  unknown.  No  craft  had  yet 
crossed  the  Golden  Gate,  no  keel  had  yet  disturbed  its  silent  depths, 
and  no  eye,  save  that  of  the  aborigine,  had  ever  gazed  upon  the 
glorious  sweep  of  its  length  and  breadth.  Padre  Crespi  had  seen 
the  outer  bay  in  1769;  Jose  Francisco  Ortega  had  explored  part  of 
the  Peninsula  of  San  Francisco ;  Pedro  Fages  in  1772  from  the 
Berkeley  hills  had  gazed  through  the  Golden  Gate,  but  beyond  this 
nothing  of  the  bay  was  known,  and  its  city,  destined  to  be  its  great 
metropolis,  was  unfounded.  San  Francisco,  almost  the  last  and 
greatest  child  of  Spain's  declining  grandeur  and  fading  glory,  was 
unborn. 

Several  expeditions  of  exploration  had  been  made,  and  the  gen- 
eral locality  having  attracted  a  wider  attention,  an  overland  journey 
of  great  importance  was  undertaken,  the  results  of  which  were 
more  extensive  than  any  as  yet  accomplished.  This  was  the  expedi- 
tion in  which  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  accompanied  by  Padre  Pedro 
Font,  had  in  the  early  part  of  1776  reached  the  Peninsula  of  San 
Francisco.  The  direct  object  of  this  expedition  was  to  find  a  site 
upon  which  to  establish  a  presidio  and  to  build  a  mission  at  San 
Francisco.  Anza  and  Padre  Font  returned  to  Lower  California, 
but  an  order  dated  November  12,  1775,  had  come  from  Bucareli, 
the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  wherein  he  gave  directions  for  the  founda- 
tion of  a  fort,  presidio  and  mission  on  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 

On  the  17th  of  June,  1776,  an  overland  expedition  was  formed  at 
Monterey.  It  was  under  the  command  of  Jose  Joaquin  Moraga, 
and  with  him  were  Padres  Palou  and  Cambon.  The  other  members 
of  the  party  were  one  sergeant,  sixteen  soldiers  and  seven  settlers, 
all  of  whom  were  married  and  accompanied  by  their  families.  With 
these  also  were  a  number  of  servants,  herdsmen  and  drovers,  for 


634  OUT     WEST 

they  brought  with  them  about  two  hundred  head  of  cattle,  together 
with  the  pack-train  with  provisions  and  the  equipage  necessary  for 
the  road.  They  arrived  without  delay  on  the  27th  of  June.  A  site 
near  what  is  now  that  of  the  mission  was  found  and  formal  settle- 
ment was  made  June  29,  1776.  This  historic  event,  five  days  before 
that  of  American  Independence,  was  the  founding  of  the  city  of 
San  Francisco.  Some  time  earlier,  when  several  of  the  missions 
had  already  been  established,  Padre  Junipero  Serra  had  expressed 
his  desire  that  one  should  be  named  in  honor  of  San  Francisco 
de  Assisi,  the  founder  of  the  Franciscan  order  to  which  Padres 
Serra  and  Palou  both  belonged,  and  so  San  Francisco  received  its 
name.  The  military  establishment  of  the  Presidio  took  place  on 
September  17th,  and  the  founding  of  the  Mission  bears  date  from 
October  8th  of  the  same  year. 

The  ceremonies  took  place  in  the  afternoon.  Padre  Palou  and 
his  associates,  Comandante  Moraga  and  his  soldiers,  all  the  male 
colonists,  and  most  of  the  crew  of  the  San  Carlos,  assisted  at  the 
solemn  function.  A  procession  was  formed  headed  by  Padre 
Palou,  who  carried  an  image  of  the  Seraphic  San  Francisco,  which 
he  placed  upon  the  altar.  With  firing  of  musketry,  the  procession 
marched  from  the  Presidio  to  the  Mission  site,  where  Padre  Palou, 
assisted  by  the  others,  chanted  a  mass,  and  delivered  a  sermon  upon 
the  life  and  character  of  San  Francisco  de  Assisi,  the  patron  saint 
of  the  Fort,  the  Presidio,  and  the  Mission,  after  which  general 
feasting  took  place  in  the  refectory.  This  was  the  beginning  of 
San  Francisco. 

Of  the  original  buildings  in  the  Presidio,  no  trace  now  remains, 
though  the  site  is  the  original  one.  A  history  of  the  old  Presidio 
of  San  Francisco  would  form  a  large  part  of  the  history  of  Cali- 
fornia, for  it  was  among  the  earliest  of  the  Spanish  establishments 
in  this  State,  and  its  Comandantes  governed  a  large  part  of  its  terri- 
tory. Its  inception  wa«  military,  as  has  been  its  entire  history.  Three 
flags  have  waved  over  it,  the  flags  of  Spain,  Mexico,  and  the  United 
States,  and  the  flags  of  three  other  powerful  nations,  England, 
France  and  Russia,  if  they  have  not  thrown  their  shadows,  have 
hovered  very  near.  Among  the  ancient  guns  that  formerly  served 
as  posts  was  one  that  bore  the  date  of  1673,  and  the  following 
inscription,  which,  although  of  cabalistic  appearance,  is  readily 
decipherable : 


GOVERNAN 
DOLOSSENO 
RESDELARE 
ALAUDIEN 
CIADELIMA 


The  original  mission  building,  undisturbed  by  the  many  tempests 


IHB  BEGINNING   OF  SAN  FRANCISCO.  635 

of  earth  and  air,  still  stands,  the  sole  venerable  landmark  of  San 
Francisco.  The  tangled  vine-covered  old  graveyard  adjoins,  in 
which  it  is  said  ten  thousand  of  our  early  population  have  found 
their  last  resting  place.  The  Mission  has  undergone  some  restora- 
tion, but  the  original  building  as  founded  by  Padre  Palou  remains 
almost  unchanged  and  carefully  conserved.  The  venerable  padre, 
one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned  in  all  the  annals  of  California, 
passed  to  rest  in  Mexico  about  1790,  having  reached  the  allotted 
threescore  and  ten. 

In  the  later  annals  of  San  Francisco  there  is  a  fabulous  wealth 
of  Fomantic  history,  some  of  which  has  been  written,  but  much  of 
which  awaits  the  writers  both  of  romance  and  history,  and  into 
which  rich  field  we  have  not  strayed. 

In  a  few  months  will  take  place  a  festival  which,  as  a  commem- 
oration of  these  early  events,  will  mean  much  to  San  Francisco. 
The  Portola  Festival  is  so  designated,  not  because  Portola  discov- 
ered the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  or  ever  even  saw  it,  or  because  he 
was  concerned  in  the  founding  of  its  city.  He  had  no  part  in  any 
of  these  great  events,  but  his  memory  has  been  justly  honored 
because  he  led  successfully  and  ably  the  first  of  those  expeditions 
which  later,  in  1776,  resulted  in  the  foundation  of  what  was,  and 
soon  again  will  be,  the  most  beautiful  city  beside  all  the  Western 
Ocean. 

"Thou  drawest  all  things,  small  or  great, 
To  thee,  beside  the  Western  Gate." 

Sail  Francisco. 


Song  of  the  Sheep  Shearers 

By  JESSIE  DAVIES  WILLDY. 

THERE,  shearing  sheep  in  the  bright  summer  weather, 
Young  Juan,  and  Rodriguez,  and  Pedro  Jose, 

Bright  glint  the  shears,  and  the  white  wool  is  flying, 
Under  the  shed  where  the  frisky  lambs  play. 

At  noon,  when  the  sun  gleams  as  red  as  the  cactus. 
And  yucca-blooms  droop  by  the  white  'dobe  wall, 

A  dish  of  "frijoles,"  a  corn-husk  "cigarro," 

And  a  rest  in  the  shade  where  the  mocking-birds  call. 

At  night,  when  the  flock  is  turned  out  in  the  pasture. 
And  the  slim  moon  shines  white  o'er  the  plain  far  away, 

The  shearers  sleep  sound  till  the  early  "manana," 
Young  Juan,  and  Rodriguez,  and  Pedro  Jose. 
Colorado    Springs. 


636 

THE  FABULOUS 

By  R.  C.  PITZER. 

CHAPTER  V. 

DAD  WELCOME. 

fjHE  Sawtooth  Range  with  its  flanking  hills  stretches  east 
and  west,  from  where  the  mountains  first  spring  into 
being  above  the  bleak  prairies  and  lava  plains,  to  lose 
itself  finally  in  the  Continental  Divide.  Almost  par- 
allel with  the  Sawtooth,  but  some  thirty  miles  away, 
runs  the  Liver  Ridge  Mountain  chain,  in  whose  heart  stood  the 
golden  mushroom  called  Pactolus  City.  The  broken  and  uneven 
plateau  lying  between  these  ranges  in  Saw  Valley,  down  which  runs 
the  Saw  River,  swelling  with  the  waters  of  tributary  streams,  until 
at  last  it  flows  out  past  the  mountains,  tortuously  crosses  bare 
expanses  of  billowing  tufa,  and  pours  itself  into  the  brown  flood 
of  Lava  River.  The  west  end  of  the  valley  is  blocked  by  the  tower- 
ing peaks  of  the  Great  Divide,  whose  white  vastnesses  can  be  dis- 
tinguished a  hundred  miles  north  or  south.  Saw  River  runs  almost 
through  the  center  of  the  valley;  its  north  banks  are  broken  and 
hilly,  where  trickling  creeks  wind  down  gravel  beds  and  over  long 
bare  exposures  of  rock  to  dribble  at  length  into  the  river;  but  the 
south  banks  are  low  and  grassy,  and  toward  the  Sawtooth  spread 
into  frequent  stretches  of  green  and  treacherous  bogs. 

There  were  numerous  beaten  ways  traversing  Saw  Valley.  The 
Kettleton  trail  went  down  from  Pharos  Peak  and  ran  straight  north 
to  the  Liver  Ridge  and  Pactolus  City,  and  in  its  course  almost 
halved  the  valley.  The  Buster  trail  came  down  from  the  heights 
of  the  Great  Divide,  and,  once  fairly  on  the  plateau,  forked,  one 
branch  running  southeast  across  the  bogs  until  it  met  the  Kettleton 
trail,  the  other  clinging  close  to  the  Liver  Ridge,  where  it  soon 
lost  itself  behind  a  long  "hogback,"  wormed  its  way  between  the 
foothill  and  the  mountains,  and  twisted  toward  Pactolus  City.  There 
it  joined  the  Kettleton  trail,  crossed  the  Liver  Ridge  Divide,  and 
descended  upon  distant  Fryingpan.  The  third  beaten  trail,  closely 
clinging  to  Saw  River,  was  to  all  intents  a  wagon  road  as  well, 
for  up  this  from  the  plains  came  the  supply  trains  of  the  Downing 
Ranch  and  the  mess  wagons  of  the  cowboys ;  and  in  the  late  spring 
and  early  fall  the  Downing  herds  lowed  to  summer  grazing  or  to 
winter  ranges. 

Standing  at  the  head  of  the  pass  above  Hell's  Door,  with  the 
prospectors'  cabin  on  the  slope  behind  him,  and  to  his  left  hand 
the  round  heads  of  the  Daisy  Girl  Peaks,  Luke  stared  at  the  horizon 
of  hills,  his  gaze  wandering  from  peak  to  peak,  from  snowy  range 


THE    FABULOUS.  637 

to  snowy  range,  now  dropping  into  the  dim  valley  at  his  feet,  and 
now  mounting  treeless  slopes  to  the  scintillant  crests  of  nearby 
Titans.  Awe  was  upon  him — his  cheeks  were  flushed,  his  eyes  were 
humid,  and  a  tingling  enthusiasm  ran  through  his  blood.  A  wintry 
gale  was  blowing,  but  he  did  not  feel  it.  This  indeed  was  Nature ! 
In  a  flash  he  understood  the  deep  fascination  of  prospecting.  Not 
for  gold  could  dumb  men  like  Macdonald  wear  away  their  lives  in 
the  mountains,  but  for  the  mountains  themselves. 

Dow  did  not  dismount ;  he  turned  his  horse  away  from  the  wind, 
and  sat  listlessly,  even  as  the  animal  drooped,  the  horse's  tail  and 
mane  whipping  the  air,  the  man's  neckerchief  and  shirt  flapping 
against  his  chest. 

"Had  enough?"  he  asked  at  length.  "The  burros  are  getting 
restless.     We'd  better  pike  along." 

Luke  shook  his  head  negatively.  "I  could  die  here,"  he  almost 
whispered. 

"Can't  always  arrange  such  matters  to  suit  ourselves,"  Dow  re- 
turned, with  a  rather  wry  smile.  "I've  had  the  same  feeling  from 
an  opposite  emotion." 

"Where  is  the  ranch  ?"  Luke  asked,  staring  below. 

"Can't  see  any  buildings  from  here.  The  house  is  about  thirty 
miles  northwest,  pretty  close  to  the  Continental ;  the  Kettleton  branch 
of  the  Buster  trail  comes  down  past  the  corrals,  and  Saw  River 
cuts  the  hay-farm  in  two."  Dow  turned  his  horse  again  until  he 
faced  the  wind.  "Ordinarily,"  he  said,  "we'd  hit  straight  for  the 
ranch,  but  at  this  time  of  the  year  the  valley  between  is  a  bad  bog 
formed  by  the  snow  water;  it  dries  late  in  August  and  we  get  a 
good  crop  of  wild  hay.  Our  trail  will  have  to  be  north  to  Saw- 
River  and  the  cattle  road;  as  it  is,  we'll  have  some  nasty  land  to 
cross.     Forty  miles  of  piking  on  this  route.     Ready  ?" 

"Yes.  Can  we  make  it  tonight?"  Luke  glanced  at  his  watch. 
"It's  not  seven  yet.     We  got  oflF  before  sun-up,  you  know." 

"We'll  camp  at  the  river,"  Dow  grunted,  and  led  the  way  down  a 
steep  and  jagged  gulch. 

To  Luke,  already  worn  and  sore  from  his  long  ride  of  the  pre- 
ceding day,  the  hours  soon  became  toilsome  and  lengthening.  Be- 
fore noon  he  had  lost  all  interest  in  his  surroundings,  and  he  rode 
after  the  burros  in  a  lethargic  stubbornness  of  spirit,  and  with  a 
determination  not  to  fall  out  of  his  saddle,  but  to  follow  wherever 
Dow  should  lead.  At  the  noon  camp  he  flung  himself  flat  on  the 
ground,  but,  despite  his  aching  muscles,  he  felt  content ;  a  sense 
of  satisfaction  possessed  him — a  vague  peace  of  mind  that  he  had 
never  known  in  the  city. 

Early  in  the  afternoon  the  trail  entered  the  spring  bogs  of  the 


638  OUT    WEST 

valley.  Dow  had  provided  himself  with  long  poles.  More  than 
once  that  afternoon  one  of  the  jacks  stepped  from  the  hardly  dis- 
cernible way  to  snatch  a  mouthful  of  the  tempting  new  grass.  Each 
time  the  small  hoofs  of  the  burro,  borne  down  by  the  heavy  weight 
on  its  back,  plunged  through  quaking  hillocks,  until  the  animal 
became  "bogged."  Then  would  Dow  Scammel  swear  with  pic- 
turesque fervor.  Belly-deep  in  the  mud,  the  jack  would  snatch  at 
the  grass  under  its  nose,  while  Luke  and  Dow  would  laboriously 
unpack  it,  run  the  poles  under,  and  heave  until  they  had  bodily 
lifted  the  animal  to  the  surface.  Then,  muddy,  wet  and  tempestu- 
ous, they  would  whip  the  burro  back  to  the  trail,  repack,  and  ride 
on — perhaps  to  repeat  the  performance  in  an  hour.  Luke 
that  day  learned  many  objurgations,  and,  before  the  afternoon  ended, 
the  most  sulphurous  phrases  of  Dow's  extensive  vocabulary  seemed 
sweet  to  the  ears  of  the  tired  and  exasperated  tenderfoot.  Finally, 
at  the  very  edge  of  the  bog,  the  comedy  was  performed  for  the  last 
time,  and  Luke  emerged,  dripping  with  icy  water,  while  hot  per- 
spiration furrowed  his  dirty  cheeks. 

"I  understand  now,"  he  gasped,  "just  what  you  fellows  mean 
when  you  term  a  man  a  'burro.'  By  the  gods,  if  anybody  ever  calls 
me  that  I'll  murder  him." 

"Thank  heaven,  we  haven't  any  creeks  to  cross,"  Dow  piously 
responded.  "This  isn't  a  circumstance  to  creeks.  I've  been  de- 
layed at  a  ford  all  afternoon  by  a  dainty  little  jinny  I  could  almost 
have  carried  over.  Wouldn't  wet  her  pretty  footses.  Built  a  fire 
under  her,  and  she  bolted  down  the  back-trail.  They're  burros,  all 
right.     Talk  about  mules !     In  comparison  a  mule  has  wings." 

Luke  sighed  wearily  and  grew  silent  again.  The  shadow  fingers 
of  the  Great  Divide  were  pointed  to  his  very  feet,  and  the  red- 
rimmed  sun  looked  tired  and  sleepy.  Straight  north  a  hedge  of 
bare-branched  and  wintry-appearing  cottohwoods  and  aspens  marked 
Saw  River,  and  Luke  could  now  and  again  see  where  the  waters 
flowed  bank-high.  As  he  looked,  a  white  object  caught  his  atten- 
tion and  he  rode  to  Dow's  side  and  pointed  it  out. 

"Looks  like  a  tent,"  he  suggested.  "Some  of  the  prospectors  are 
over  here?" 

Dow  shook  his  head.  "They  don't  sabe  our  trail.  The  first  bunch 
got  stalled  at  Cape  Horn,  no  doubt,  and  couldn't  have  had  time  to 
come  up  the  stream  from  where  the  trail  crosses,  east  of  us,  even 
if  they  rode  this  way  instead  of  hitting  straight  for  Pactolus.  Looks 
like  a  wagon-cover."  He  shaded  his  eyes.  "Oh,"  he  said,  finally, 
"I  guess  it's  Dad  Welcome." 

"Dad  Welcome?" 

"Yeh ;  one  of  the  freaks  of  these  parts." 

"Expound,"  Luke  commanded;  "I'm  interested." 


THE    FABULOUS.  639 

"There's  nothing  to  tell.  Old  peddler  with  a  prairie  schooner 
and  a  couple  of  horses.  I've  known  him  since  I  was  knee-hign. 
He  drives  in  every  spring  from  the  plains,  sells  us  a  bunch  of  cheap 
truck,  takes  his  wagon  to  the  hanging  tree  and  cached  it,  packs  his 
horses,  and  pikes  in  to  trade  among  the  mining  camps.  Comes  back 
in  the  fall  with  empty  packs,  and  disappears  down  the  cattle  trail. 
Yes,  I've  known  him  all  my  life.     He's  bug." 

"I  don't  quite  sabe,"  Luke  said,  rolling  the  Spanish  word  on  his 
tongue  as  if  he  enjoyed  the  smack  of  it.  "He  caches  his  wagon? 
I  thought  caching  a  thing  was  to  dig  a  hole  and  hide  it." 

"It  depends.  He  stacks  his  stuff  in  the  wagon-bed,  straps  a 
tarpaulin  over  it,  puts  up  a  sign,  and  moseys.  The  boys  'u'd  lynch 
anybody  who  monkeyed  with  it.     We're  not  thieves." 

"Do  you  still  lynch  people,  then  ?" 

"Never  saw  a  bee,  but  they  happen  sometimes;  it  needs  more 
provocation  now  than  in  the  early  days.  We're  Americans,  that's 
all.  Welcome  is  a  rather  odd  chap;  he  will  interest  you.  The 
fellows  say  he's  loco,  but  I  never  could  see  much  the  matter  with 
his  mind,  except  when  he's  drunk.  He  boozes  up  now  and  again 
on  his  stock  in  trade." 

"Oh !"     Luke  rather  lost  interest.     "A  traveling  saloon  ?     I  see.  .  , 
1  shouldn't  fancy  the  Downings  would  care  to  have  him  near  them. 
Don't  your  men  patronize  him  ?" 

"He  merely  peddles  a  little  moonshine  on  the  q.  t. ;  no  harm  in 
that,  is  there?  He's  licensed  to  sell  tobacco,  groceries,  pots,  pans, 
hardware,  clothes,  and  the  rest  of  such  truck,  but  he  keeps  a  few 
jugs  of  compressed  suicide  under  the  seat.  My  dad  doesn't  cotton 
to  him ;  I  remember  years  ago  Dad  ordered  him  out  of  the  country. 
But  Welcome  went  to  Mrs.  Downing  and  promised  not  to  sell  the 
booze  to  her  men,  so  he  was  allowed  to  stay.  He  won't  sell  to  any 
of  us,  except  me.     Coon  and  I  are  old  pals  of  his." 

"But  the  wagon  isn't  moving,"  Luke  said  after  a  time.  "It's  just 
where  I  first  saw  it." 

"He's  camped,  I  guess.  He  will  probably  drift  in  to  see  us  to- 
night. As  soon  as  we  hit  the  water  we'll  stop  and  spread  down 
our  blankets.     You're  sore  enough  for  one  day?" 

Luke  sighed  in  acquiescence.  The  last  half-mile  lengthened  itself 
until  it  seemed  to  the  tired  man  that  they  must  be  riding  into  the 
Liver  Ridge  Mountains;  and  when  at  last  the  river  was  reached, 
Luke  had  lost  interest,  not  only  in  Dad  Welcome,  but  in  everything 
except  himself.  He  thought  no  more  of  the  white-topped  wagon, 
which  stood  perhaps  a  quarter  of  a  mile  farther  down  the  trail, 
but  he  set  his  teeth  together  and  painfully  helped  Dow  unpack, 
unsaddle,  and  pitch  the  camp.     Then  he  threw  himself  upon  the 


640  OUT     WEST 

blankets  under  the  tent,  rather  weakly  permitting  Dow  to  chop  the 
wood,  build  the  fire,  and  cook  the  supper.  At  last  Dow  called  him, 
and  he  limped  out  to  a  seat  on  a  horse-blanket  beside  the  rubber 
poncho  that  served  as  a  table. 

"I'm  a  tenderfoot,  all  right,"  he  confessed  with  a  crooked  smile ; 
"I  feel  like  I'd  been  through  a  flour  mill.  Sorry  to  let  you  do  all 
the  work,  old  man,  but  I'll  make  up  by  doing  more  than  my  share 
of  the  eating." 

Dow  laughed  and  passed  his  silver  whisky-flask.  "Take  a  mouth- 
ful," he  persuaded,  as  Luke  hesitated ;  "it'll  straighten  out  the  kinks 
and  make  you  fit  to  wash  the  dishes.  There's  one  time  of  day 
when  I  bless  the  old  He  that  discovered  booze,  and  that's  before 
supper  after  a  long  hike." 

"It  isn't  to  be  sneezed  at,"  Luke  confessed.  "Pass  the  bacon, 
please,  and  throw  me  a  plate  or  two  of  those  biscuits.  Um-m, 
that's  good  coffee !     Glad  I'm  alive." 

"The  appetites  of  young  men,"  said  a  low  voice  behind  them, 
"remind  me  of  range  steers  turned  into  a  pasture." 

Dow  half  turned.  "Hello,  Welcome,"  he  said ;  "I  thought  you'd 
be  over.  Haven't  seen  you  for  a  couple  of  years,  have  1?  Take 
a  drink." 

"You  weren't  here  last  spring,"  Welcome  said,  advancing  and 
nodding  to  Winne.  "How,  young  man.  Still  own  the  silver  flask, 
Dow?  Gold  would  be  better.  You  could  trade  it  for  more  hell 
some  day.  The  silver  won't  make  but  one  drunk  for  you.  I'll  have 
to  give  you  a  gold  one.  Get  after  the  grub  pile;  don't  let  me  in- 
terrupt. . . .  No,  thanks ;  I've  had  supper." 

He  rolled  a  water-logged  stump  close  to  the  fire  and  seated  him- 
self. He  sat  drooping  and  silent,  and  charged  a  dark  corn-cob  with 
black  tobacco.  He  had  been  a  tall  youth,  but  age  had  bent  him 
almost  double;  his  hands  were  big  and  coarse,  though  his  feet 
were  small.  A  battered,  almost  useless  hat  covered  a  bald  head 
and  shaded  a  pair  of  blue  eyes  and  a  heavy  Roman  nose;  a  patri- 
archal beard  flowed  over  his  greasy  shirt. 

"How's  Miss  June?"  the  old  man  suddenly  inquired. 
"Haven't  seen  her,"  Dow  rejoined.    "I  guess  she's  all  right." 
"Haven't — oh,  yes,  you've  been  away.     Salt  Lake?     How's  the 
Temple  coming?" 

"Wake  up,  Dad!  Next  you'll  ask  about  Brigham's  health." 
"Just  to  be  sociable — just  to  be  sociable."  Welcome's  voice  was 
low  and  soft,  quite  at  variance  with  the  loud,  open-air  boisterous- 
ness  of  tone  to  which  Luke  was  becoming  accustomed.  "Just  to 
be  sociable,"  Welcome  repeated  for  the  third  time.  "Nothing  like 
having  a  talk  when  you  meet  up  with  old  friends;  nothing  like 


THE    FABULOUS.  641 

passing  the  news.  But  then,  you  ought  to  know  about  such  things. 
Somehow,  young  man,"  he  said  to  Luke,  "your  face  is  familiar.  Do 
I  know  you?" 

Luke  smiled  and  shook  his  head.  "I'm  a  tenderfoot,"  he  ex- 
plained ;  "here  to  make  a  fortune  finding  gold.  I'm  going  into  the 
Pactolus  boom  district." 

"Well,  there's  lots  of  gold  up  there,"  Welcome  reflected  between 
puffs.  "I'll  come  along  in  the  fall  and  loan  you  my  pack-horses 
to  get  it  out.     They're  great  on  such  work." 

Dow  laughed.  "Don't  rub  it  in.  Welcome,"  he  said.  "Luke's 
all  right.  He  doesn't  expect  to  take  an  axe  and  chop  off  slabs  of 
the  yellow.     He's  willing  to  work." 

"Rather  an  odd  pardner  for  you,"  Welcome  returned  without 
cracking  a  smile. 

"Tag,  you're  it,"  Luke  grinned. 

Dow  shrugged  his  shoulders.  "He  kind  of  rubs  it  in,  doesn't  he  ? 
Got  a  stomach-ache.  Dad  ?" 

"No,"  said  Welcome,  blinking  at  Dow;  "merely  sore  eyes." 

"Sore  head,"  Dow  grunted.     "Was  business  good  this  winter?" 

"It  fed  me,  that's  all.  I  expect  to  sell  lots  of  stuff  this  year. 
How  about  it,  Luke  Whatsyourname  ?  Don't  need  any  frying-pans, 
kettles,  tin  plates,  tobacco,  sugar,  pants,  shirts,  boots,  or  books  yet  ?" 

"Books?  Is  your  van  a  library,  too?  I'll  come  over  and  look  at 
your  books." 

"On  second  thought,"  Welcome  said,  "they're  not  for  sale  to- 
night. Miss  June  gets  first  whack  at  them  always.  You  can  have 
the  ones  she  doesn't  want." 

"That  leaves  you  the  yellow-backs  and  the  ten-centers,"  Dow  said. 
"June  buys  out  the  whole  stock  every  spring.     She  eats  books." 

"I've  got  her  a  new  author  this  time,"  Welcome  continued;  "a 
book  dealer  in  Denver  recommended  him.  He's  a  Swede — Ibsen; 
ever  heard  of  him?  Plays.  Is  he  all  right  for  a  girl  to  read?  I 
don't  like  to  give  Miss  June  the  wrong  sort  of  books." 

"She'll  trade  the  ranch  for  them,"  Dow  responded,  grinning. 
"She  doesn't  believe  in  the  apron-string  theory  of  life." 

"They're  not  for  sale;  a  present,"  Welcome  said.  "I'm  glad 
they  are  all  right.  I  hear  there  are  lots  of  you  men  going  up  to 
Pactolus,"  he  went  on,  abruptly  changing  the  subject.  "You  sure 
like  gold,  don't  you?  Is  it  a  real  boom?  I  haven't  seen  any  signs 
of  a  stampede  yet,  except  you  two  and  the  boys  on  the  trail  behind 
you." 

"The  what  ?"  Luke  cried.     "Boys  behind  us  ?" 
Dow   stood  with   a  black   scowl   on   his    face.     "Tracey,    for  a 
dollar!"  he  exclaimed.     "Are  you  sure.  Dad?     Men  following  be- 


642  OUT    WEST 

hind  us  ?     They're  in  the  valley  ?    They  came  down  the  Hell's  Door 
trail?     It's  funny  I  didn't  see  them." 

"Yes,  it  is  rather  funny.  They  weren't  far  behind.  I  thought 
you  knew.  And  you  a  hillsman !"  Welcome  wagged  his  beard. 
"Don't  see  how  you  could  help  discovering  they  were  after  you." 

"How  do  you  know?"  Dow  uneasily  demanded. 

"I  saw  them.  Three  men  on  horseback.  They  camped  on  the 
far  side  of  that  butte."  He  pointed  south,  where,  through  the  dusk, 
Luke  could  faintly  distinguish  the  outlines  of  a  tall,  round  knoll 
which  he  remembered  passing  a  little  while  before  he  came  out 
of  the  bog.  "There's  wood  and  a  spring  on  the  far  side,"  Welcome 
added.  "But  they  won't  bite,  I  guess.  Not  with  me  camped  near 
you." 

"Three  men  ?"  Dow  cried  with  heat ;  "Tracey  and  his  packer  and 
that  Whiskers,  I'll  bet  a  hat!" 

"They  were  four,"  Luke  reminded  him.  "Mr.  Clayton  had  an 
English  partner,  and  Clayton  wouldn't  come  this  way.  He's  a  busi- 
ness man,  bent  on  getting  into  Pactolus  City  by  the  shortest  route." 

"Then  it's  just  Tracey's  outfit." 

"Red  Murphy  is  Tracey's  only  companion.  You  are  sure  they 
are  three?"  Luke  asked  Welcome. 

"Oh,  yes,"  the  old  man  answered ;  "just  the  three  riders,  without  a 
sign  of  a  burro." 

"Funny  biznai,"  Dow  grunted,  reseating  himself.  "Maybe  those 
gophers  at  Hell's  Door  are  coming  to  Pactolus.  But  I'm  suspicious 
of  Tracey.  He'd  follow  us  in  a  minute  if  he  guessed  where  we 
are  bound." 

"And  so  would  the  Pickett  gang,"  Luke  returned.  "It  sounds 
bad.  I  believe  these  outlaws  are  after — well,  you  know  what.  They 
wouldn't  have  a  pack  train." 

"There  were  four  of  them ;  you  said  so  yourself,"  Dow  objected. 
"Just  as  likely  to  be  Trace  and  Whiskers,  minus  one,  as  Little — 
Pickett,  minus  one.  Most  probably  I  nicked  the  bull's-eye  when  I 
suggested  those  Hell's  Door  prospectors,  Poppleton  and  his  two 
granddad  pardners ;  the  gophers  in  that  cabin  near  the  head  of 
the  pass.  Yes,  they're  the  fellows.  They  aren't  following  us  at 
all.  We  told  them  something  about  Pactolus  City,  remember? 
Well,  prospectors  are  scratch  on  a  boom;  it  draws  them  like  a 
dead  cow  draws  flies.  They're  off  to  the  new  field,  that's  all.  Have 
another  drink,  and  I'll  sing  you  a  song  I  picked  up  in  Buster  last 
winter.     Get  me  some  water,  Winne,  and  I'll  mix  a  punch." 

Luke  took  a  pail.  "But  it  was  funny  we  didn't  see  them,"  he 
mused.  "I  looked  back  often  enough.  They  must  have  kept  pretty 
well  hidden.     Even  then  it's  funny  that  Dow  didn't  see  them." 

(To  be  continued.) 


\ 


643 

PIMA   MYTHS  /; 

By  FRANK  RUSSELL.  '\  "^ 

(Continued.) 

A'KANYIP  married  Kold  Ha-akam,  the  daughter  of 
Kak  Si'siveliki,  and  lived  with  his  father-in-law  in 
the  Salt  River  Valley  near  where  Phoenix  now 
stands.  There  his  wife  became  pregnant  and  would 
eat  nothing  but  green  plants  and  game  found  in  the 
mountains.  So  one  day  Ka'kanyip  went  to  the  mountains  to 
search  for  provisions  for  his  wife.  He  killed  a  deer  which  it  took 
him  some  time  to  dress.  In  the  meantime  the  Apaches  sur- 
rounded him.  He  fought  bravely,  but  they  succeeded  in 
killing  him.  His  father-in-law  awaited  his  coming  during  the 
evening  and  through  the  night;  then  he  called  the  people  to- 
gether and  told  them  that  his  son-in-law  had  disappeared.  All 
searched  until  his  body  was  found.  This  they  burned 
to  ashes  before  returning  to  their  homes.  After  this  event 
the  people  moved  southward  as  far  as  Santa  Rosa.  There 
Ka'kanyip's  son  was  bom.  He  was  named  Pat'  A'-anukam,  and 
under  his  mother's  care  became  a  brave  and  noted  man.  While  yet 
a  boy  he  one  day  accompanied  the  people  on  a  hunting  expedition. 
Some  of  the  hunters  asked  him  many  questions  to  learn  if  his  mother 
thought  about  marrying  them.  He  told  his  mother  about  these  in- 
quiries, which  caused  her  to  weep  bitterly.  She  told  him  how  his 
father  had  been  killed.  After  hearing  this  sad  story  he  went  into 
the  council  house  and  told  the  people  that  he  wished  to  see  the 
springs  and  other  places  where  the  Apaches  obtained  drinking  water, 
and  also  to  see  the  trails  they  used. 

At  the  time  of  the  destruction  of  the  earth,  Coyote  was  saved  in 
the  manner  already  described,  and  he  again  appeared  at  the 
emergence  of  the  underworld  Pimas  that  Elder  Brother  brought  up 
to  fight  his  own  battles.  Then  it  was  that  Coyote  looked  down  the 
opening  to  see  the  humans  struggling  upward  like  a  long  line  of 
ants  ascending  a  tree,  and  the  sight  provoked  him  to  laughter,  an 
act  that  caused  the  earth  to  close  up  and  prevent  many  people  from 
reaching  Pima  Land.  After  that  Coyote  disappeared  again.  Now 
we  are  to  hear  the  story  of  his  subsequent  life. 

Coyote  wandered  about  alone  somewhere  in  the  West  after  we 
last  heard  of  him,  until  one  day  he  made  two  other  coyotes  from  his 
image,  which  h^  saw  reflected  from  the  water;  one  he  called  the 
elder  brother  or  Sandy  Coyote,  and  the  other  younger  brother  or 
Yellow  Coyote.  He  told  each  to  fetch  a  log.  When  they  brought 
the  logs  he  told  them  to  embark  upon  the  sea  and  seek  for  land 
beyond  it.     They  followed  his  directions  and  sailed  for  days  and 


644  OUT     WEST 

nights  across  the  water,  the  younger  always  behind  the  other.  One 
day  the  elder  said : 

"Younger  brother,  why  are  you  always  behind?  Why  don't  you 
come  faster?" 

"My  log  will  not  go  any  faster,  that  is  why  I  am  not  with  you," 
replied  Yellow  Coyote. 

"How  are  you  traveling,  with  your  eyes  wide  open  or  with  them 
closed?" 

"My  eyes  are  closed,"  answered  Yellow  Coyote. 

"Oh,  that  is  why  you  are  so  slow.  Look  up  and  open  your  eyes 
and  your  log  will  travel  fast." 

Yellow  Coyote  opened  his  eyes,  but  when  he  looked  upon  the 
water  the  wind  blew  the  foam  into  his  face  and  blinded  him.  "I  am 
blind,"  he  cried. 

Sandy  Coyote  stopped  and  tried  to  restore  his  sight,  but  without 
success,  finally  concluding  that  they  had  better  return  to  their  father 
Coyote  for  assistance.  After  they  had  returned  to  land  and  Coyote 
had  restored  the  sight  of  Yellow  Coyote  the  two  brothers  went  to 
dwell  in  the  land  lying  between  the  Pima  country  and  the  Mohave 
territory,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  Canyon.  There  they  built  a 
house  with  the  doorway  toward  the  east,  as  is  the  Pima  custom. 
When  it  was  finished  Sandy  Coyote  said,  "Go  in  and  take  your  choice 
of  sides.  You  need  only  half  the  house,  and  I  will  take  the  other 
half." 

Yellow  Coyote  said,  "You  take  your  choice  and  I  will  take  what 
is  left." 

And  so  they  continued  telling  each  other  to  go  in  and  take  the  first 
choice  until  the  house  grew  old  and  fell  down.  They  built  a  second 
house,  and  again  their  dispute  lasted  until  it  fell.  The  same  result 
was  reached  with  the  third  house,  but  when  the  fourth  was  built  the 
elder  brother  went  in  and  chose  the  south  side  of  the  house,  leaving 
the  north  side  for  the  younger. 

When  they  went  to  gather  the  screw  bean  the  elder  brother  took 
the  beans  on  the  south  side  of  the  trees  and  the  younger  brother 
took  those  on  the  north  side.  One  day  the  elder  said  to  the  younger, 
"How  do  the  beans  taste  on  that  side  of  the  tree  ?" 

"They  are  very  good,"  replied  the  younger,  but  when  they  re- 
turned home  in- the  evening  he  was  taken  sick. 

"It  is  caused  by  the  beans  you  ate,"  said  Sandy  Coyote.  "The 
beans  on  the  north  side  are  not  ripened  by  the  sun  as  are  those  on 
the  south  side.  Tomorrow  you  shall  see  the  difference."  And  so 
the  next  day  they  went  again  and  found  the  screw  beans  sweeter  on 
the  south  side  of  the  trees. 

Every  evening  they  sat  and  split  sticks  with  which  to  build  bins. 


PIMA    MYTHS.  645 

log  cabin  fashion,  for  the  screw  beans  that  they  gathered.  One  day 
the  elder  brother  said,  "Let  us  play  some  kind  of  a  game  and  bet  our 
screw  beans,  and  then  we  will  not  sleep  too  soon."  So  they  made 
some  kintskut.  The  younger  lost  all  his  screw  beans  that  night 
and  the  next  day  the  elder  said,  "We  will  not  go  for  beans  today." 
So  that  day  the  younger  went  hungry,  and  for  many  days  thereafter, 
for  the  game  of  kints  continued  until  the  beans  were  rotten  and  not 
fit  to  eat.  Then  they  wagered  their  arrows  and  other  property. 
Sandy  Coyote  won  the  arrows,  bow,  sinew,  and  feathers  belonging 
to  Yellow  Coyote  and  then  went  out  and  brought  in  all  the  large  and 
fierce  animals,  but  Yellow  Coyote  without  a  weapon  could  get  noth- 
ing but  the  small  creatures  which  were  of  little  use  to  him. 

In  these  straits  Yellow  Coyote  sought  the  aid  of  Finish,  who  lived 
in  the  West.  "I  need  your  help,  for  I  am  losing  a  great  deal,"  said 
he.  Finish  accompanied  Yellow  Coyote  to  the  latter's  home.  When 
they  reached  the  house  Yellow  Coyote  went  in  first,  but  when  the 
stranger  tried  to  enter  he  was  caught  by  sticks  and  held  fast  in  the 
doorway.  He  saw  that  the  house  was  divided  into  two  parts  before 
him ;  even  the  fireplace  was  divided,  and  no  one  said  a  word  to  indi- 
cate which  side  he  should  enter.  For  a  long  time  he  was  silent. 
Then  he  said :  "What  kind  of  people  are  you  that  you  do  not  speak 
to  me  ?  It  is  the  custom  to  ask  a  stranger  'Where  are  you  from  ?'  or, 
if  they  come  at  night,  'Where  were  you  when  the  sun  went  down? 
Why  are  you  not  thus  courteous?  Am  I  a  thief,  a  murderer,  or  a 
ghost  that  makes  you  speechless  with  fright  ?" 

After  the  stranger  had  spoken,  Mountain  Lion  got  up,  took  his 
tobacco,  rolled  and  lighted  a  cigarette. 

"Ha,  you  are  here  also,"  said  the  stranger,  "and  have  said  nothing 
to  me."  But  Mountain  Lion  put  away  his  tobacco  without  offering 
any  to  the  other,  who  exclaimed :  "Do  you  think  I  have  no  tobacco  ? 
Don't  you  see  that  I  am  caught  here  in  the  door  because  I  have  so 
much  tobacco  in  my  bundle  that  it  will  not  go  through?"  Then 
Yellow  Coyote  invited  him  to  come  to  the  south  side  of  the  house. 

For  many  nights  they  played  different  games,  but  Yellow  Coyote 
continued  to  lose  at  all  of  them.  At  last  he  told  Finish  that  he  had 
hit  upon  a  game  that  he  believed  they  could  win  with.  So  he  called 
Tco'kokoi,  or  Black  Beetle,  and  told  him  that  they  wanted  him  to 
run  a  football  race  with  Vap'kai-iki'  Duck.  When  Black  Beetle 
heard  that  the  south  division  of  the  house  wanted  him  to  run  a  race 
he  said,  "While  you  people  were  planning  for  this  I  had  a  dream. 
I  dreamed  that  I  had  in  my  right  hand  a  green  ball,  which  I  threw 
or  kicked  with  my  right  foot  toward  the  east.  After  I  had  kicked 
four  times  1  reached  the  place  when  the  sun  comes  up.  When  I 
turned  around  the  darkness  came  behind  me,  but  I  kicked  the  ball 


646  OUT     WBST 

four  times  and  reached  the  place  where  the  sun  goes  down,  and  the 
darkness  did  not  catch  me." 

All  his  party  were  glad  to  hear  of  Black  Beetle's  dream,  saying 
that  it  was  a  sign  of  good  luck.  So  the  next  day  Yellow  Coyote 
said  to  his  brother,  "We  will  draw  a  line  here  for  the  starting  place. 
If  your  man  kicks  his  ball  over  this  line  first  he  will  be  the  winner, 
and  if  my  man  kicks  his  ball  first  over  the  line  I  ishall  be  the  winner.'* 
They  agreed  that  whoever  won  should  have  the  privilege  of  marry- 
ing at  the  end  of  four  days. 

Duck  and  Black  Beetle  started  oflF  and  ran  for  miles,  and  after  a 
long  time  the  latter  came  in,  kicking  his  ball  first  over  the  line,  thus 
winning  the  race  for  Yellow  Coyote.  At  the  end  of  the  four  days 
Sandy  Coyote  acted  in  bad  faith,  for  he  went  away  in  the  evening 
and  toward  midnight  returned  with  a  wife  whom  he  had  taken 
among  the  Va-aki  A-ap,  who  lived  northwest  of  the  Coyote  home. 
Her  name  was  Itany  Of'i.  Yellow  Coyote  said,  "I  am  going  to  build 
a  fire  and  see  what  kind  of  looking  woman  my  elder  brother's  wife 
is."  But  the  fire  would  not  burn,  and  he  got  angry,  exclaiming, 
"What  shall  I  do?  Here  is  that  dirty  syphilitic  woman.  I  have 
passed  her  house  many  times,  and  I  never  thought  she  was  to  be 
my  brother's  wife.  When  she  came  in  I  smelled  her  breath,  and 
the  odor  filled  the  house.  What  a  lunatic  my  brother  is  to  bring 
such  a  woman  into  the  house."  Then  he  covered  the  embers  of  the 
smoldering  fire  and  lay  down  to  sleep. 

After  four  days  Yellow  Coyote  went  away  in  the  evening  toward 
the  southeast  and  came  home  with  a  wife  at  midnight.  She  belonged 
to  the  people  living  on  the  Gila  river  supposed  to  be  the  ancestors 
of  the  Pimas,  and  her  name  was  Ho-ony  Of'i,  Corn  Woman.  When 
they  entered  the  house  Sandy  Coyote  said,  "I  am  going  to  build  a 
fire  and  see  what  kind  of  looking  woman  my  younger  brother's  wife 
is."  But  the  fire  would  not  burn,  and  he  became  angry,  exclaiming, 
"What  shall  I  do  ?  Here  is  that  dirty  syphilitic  woman.  I  know  her. 
1  have  passed  her  house  many  times,  and  I  never  thought  she  was  to 
be  my  brother's  wife.  When  she  came  in  I  smelled  her  breath,  and 
the  odor  filled  the  house.  What  a  lunatic  my  brother  is  to  bring  such 
a  woman  into  the  house."  Then  he  covered  the  embers  of  the  fire 
and  lay  down  to  sleep. 

(To  be  continued.) 


647 

THE  RECOIL 

By  EDITH  LLOYD. 

f|HE  whistle  of  the  sugar  factory  at  Betteravia  blew  at  six- 
thirty,  and  two  hundred  men  rushed  toward  the  Com- 
pany's hotel  for  supper — a  motley  crowd  of  Americans, 
Italians,  Swiss  and  Spaniards,  big,  strong,  grimy  and 
hungry.  Fifteen  minutes  later  they  all  spilled  into  the 
big  dining-room.  The  last  to  enter  was  Guido  Niboli,  a  young 
Italian  of  twenty-five.  His  clothes  were  dirty,  his  shoes  half  unlaced ; 
around  his  face  and  neck  was  a  grimy  ridge  which  marked  the 
water-line.  But  his  face  was  beautiful.  His  eyes  were  big  as  half- 
dollars,  velvety,  black,  and  soft.  His  features  were  fine — his  mouth 
really  delicate,  his  chin  square  and  strongly  cut. 

When  he  had  flopped  down  in  his  chair,  he  found  the  men  talking 
and  laughing  excitedly. 

"What's  the  matter  ?"  he  asked  Joe  Cobla,  his  elbow  neighbor. 

"New  waitress.  Wait  till  she  comes  in  again.  Peach!  'An'  her 
golden  hair  was  hangin'  down  her  back,'  "  bawled  Joe,  swaying 
his  head  and  brandishing  knife  and  fork  to  his  leering  tune. 

The  Company,  until  now,  had  employed  Japanese  waiters,  but  had 
sent  to  San  Francisco  for  a  girl  to  oversee  the  dining-room.  There- 
fore, a  young  woman  in  their  midst  send  'round  a  flutter  of  excite- 
ment. 

Guido  glued  his  eyes  on  the  kitchen  door  until  it  swung  open  and 
the  girl  came  in.  Her  hair  was  gold,  gloriously,  shiningly  golden, 
and  pompadoured  high.  Her  eyes  were  as  big  as  Guido's,  blue  as  the 
sky,  and  the  guileless  kind.  Her  nose  was  short  and  turned  up  a  bit. 
Her  mouth  was  small,  the  lips  full  and  red  as  geraniums.  She  was 
big  and  soft — not  flabby,  just  deliciously  soft  and  all  curves,  and 
very  white. 

She  sauntered  down  to  Guido's  table  and  caught  his  eyes.  For 
a  brief  second  they  held  hers ;  then  he  hastily  looked  down. 

"God !"  he  said  to  himself,  and  again,  "God !"  Something  new 
leaped  into  his  body,  brain  and  soul  in  that  instant.  It  thrilled  him, 
and  dismayed  him. 

"Ain't  she  a  peach,  now  ?"  urged  Joe,  nudging  Guido  suggestively. 
"Name's  Hazel  Daly.     She's  all  right,  huh?" 

"I  guess  so,"  replied  Guido,  without  any  enthusiasm  and  not  look- 
ing up. 

"Humph !    You're  damned  hard  to  suit  all  qi  a  sudden." 

Guido  made  no  answer.  He  ate  little  supper,  and,  when  he  thought 
no  one  was  looking,  he  watched  Hazel  through  the  heavy  fringe  of 
his  eye-lashes.  She  did  not  come  near  his  table  again,  nor  look  his 
way.    She  stood  by  the  small  table  in  the  corner  where  the  office  men 


648  OUT     WEST 

sat,  and  was  charmingly  attentive.  The  office-men  wore  good  clothes 
and  collars  and  cuffs.    The  other  men  didn't. 

As  soon  as  he  could,  Guido  left  the  table  and  went  out-doors.  It 
was  late  in  June,  and  for  the  first  time  the  beauty  of  a  June  evening 
in  the  Santa  Maria  Valley  appealed  to  him.  Until  now,  the  long 
stretches  of  green  beet-fields  had  meant  only  so  many  tons  of  beets 
to  be  hauled  to  the  factory.  But  now,  the  pale-green  beet-tops  rip- 
pling in  the  light  wind  looked  like  a  green  sea  to  him,  and  he  was 
conscious  that  it  was  all  very  pretty.  He  walked  down  one  of  the 
roads  alone.  Usually  he  went  over  to  the  store  with  the  men  and 
loafed  for  an  hour  on  the  store  porch,  but  this  time  he  didn't  want 
the  men  around.  He  had  something  to  think  about  and  he  wanted 
to  think  about  it  alone. 

About  half  a  mile  down  the  road,  he  stopped  and  sat  on  a  fence- 
rail. 

"Her  name  is  Hazel,"  he  mused.  (He  pronounced  it  "Haselle," 
with  a  hissing  "s,"  and  made  the  name  very  soft  and  tender.)  And 
then  his  thoughts  were  massed  of  babyish  blue  eyes  and  gleaming 
piles  of  gold  hair,  and  ripe,  red  lips.  He  thought  very  simply,  for  he 
was  a  simple  man.  He  knew  the  girl  had  stirred  him  as  no  other  girl 
ever  had,  merely  by  her  presence.  When  he  thought  of  talking  to 
her,  of  touching  her  hand,  of  putting  his  hands  on  her  wonderful 
hair,  he  bit  his  lips  and  said  like  an  eager  child,  "Oh,  if  I  could! 
if  I  could!" 

He  did  not  try  to  explain  why  she  had  taken  such  a  hold  of  him ; 
if  he  had  tried,  we  would  have  failed,  for  such  analysis  is  difficult 
even  to  tutored  minds ;  and  Guido  did  not  understand  inner  workings 
of  soul  and  the  like. 

When  it  grew  dark,  he  went  back  to  the  hotel  and  into  the  big 
front  room,  where  a  hundred  men  were  knotted  in  little  groups, 
playing  poker. 

"Want  a  hand  in  the  mess,  Niboli  ?"  someone  called  out. 

"Guess  not.    Goin'  to  bed  pretty  soon." 

"'S'matter? — sick?"  laughed  one  of  the  boys.  Guido  had  never 
before  refused  a  hand.  But  now,  he  had  a  feeling  that  Hazel 
wouldn't  like  him  to  gamble,  and  for  that  reason  he  wouldn't.  Long 
ago,  when  he  was  a  boy,  his  good  mother  had  told  him  not  to  drink, 
and  play  cards,  and  swear ;  she  had  told  him  that  good  women  always 
liked  good  men,  and  that  good  men  never  did  any  of  these  things. 
Tonight,  he  remembered  this,  and  although  the  memory  of  the 
mother  who  had  died  years  before  had  failed  to  awaken  in  him  any 
desire  to  be  good,  a  dozen  looks  at  Hazel  Daly  brought  out  all  the 
finest  things  in  him. 

He  soon  left  the  room  and  went  upstairs.     He  was  restless.    He 


THE    RECOIL.  649 

wanted  to  see  Hazel  again,  and  it  would  be  a  long  time  before  break- 
fast. He  peeped  out  of  his  window,  which  overlooked  the  kitchen 
and  dining-room,  £o  see  if  she  were  still  down  there,  but  it  was  all 
dark.  Then  he  went  to  bed,  although  it  was  scarcely  more  than 
eight-thirty.  But  he  wanted  to  get  to  sleep ;  he  wanted  the  morning 
to  come  soon.  He  lay  and  thought  and  thought,  staring  wide-eyed 
at  the  ceiling.  He  had  never  before  built  air-castles  which  held  a 
woman.  In  very  joy  of  being  near  her,  he  ducked  his  head  under 
the  covers  and  smiled  to  himself. 

"Every  day,  three  times  a  day,  I  can  see  her.  She  will  bring  me 
my  coffee  for  breakfast,  maybe.  She  will  come  down  to  my  table 
again."    And  so,  hour  after  hour,  he  dreamed  on,  half  aloud. 

At  five  o'clock  he  was  up.  He  hung  round  the  dining-room  door 
before  the  breakfast-gong  sounded,  and  saw  Hazel  flit  by  now  and 
then.  He  even  went  in  ahead  of  time,  in  defiance  of  the  rule,  just 
to  have  a  few  minutes  alone  near  her.  His  good  angel  must  have 
been  watching  out  for  him  that  morning,  because  Frank,  the  Jap 
who  waited  on  his  table,  was  sick,  and  Hazel  had  taken  his  place. 
She  came  to  Guido  at  once  with  a  bowl  full  of  mush. 

"I  never  eat  any  mush,"  said  Guido,  not  daring  to  raise  his  eyes 
higher  than  her  pretty  hands. 

"Oh,  don't  you  ?"  said  Hazel  good  humoredly.  "What'U  you  have 
— ham-and-eggs,  or  steak?" 

"Guess  I'll  have  some  ham  and  eggs."  This  time,  he  met  her  eyes. 
She  was  smiling,  actually  smiling  at  him.  His  great  eyes  kindled 
and  something  impelled  him  to  add  gently,  "if  you  please.  Miss 
Daly." 

Hazel  looked  at  him  sharply,  then  smiled  again  and  went  back  into 
the  kitchen. 

The  room  filled  quickly,  and  Guido  had  to  share  his  lady  with  two 
hundred  other  men,  who  grinned  at  her  and  stared  after  her  when  she 
walked  down  the  room.  Her  coming  had  created  no  small  ripple 
among  them,  but,  oddly  enough,  the  ripple  that  went  over  Guido  was 
not  the  kind  that  went  over  Joe  Cobla,  for  instance.  Guido  could 
not  have  told  why.  It  may  have  been  because  he  was  heart-lonely 
without  knowing  it,  and  this  girl's  magnetism  struck  fire  with  his 
because  he  was  ready  for  such  a  kindling.  Any  woman  whose  hair 
was  just  that  yellow,  whose  eyes  were  just  that  blue,  whose  lips 
were  just  that  red,  might  have  held  him  so.  It  was  the  psychological 
hour  for  his  soul  to  mate,  and  it  leaped  out  to  Hazel.  Her  coming 
marked  the  beginning  of  his  golden  age.  The  joy  of  being  near  her 
continually  sought  expression.  All  the  day  long  he  whistled  and 
sang  bits  of  Italian  operas  he  had  heard  his  mother  sing.  But  he 
sang  oftenest  the  Habaiiera,  of  Carmen.  He  knew  the  Italian  words, 
and  a  dozen  times  a  day  the  seductive  notes  rolled  off  his  tongue.    In 


650  OUT     WEST 

his  fancy  he  made  Hazel  the  Carmen,  singing  to  him,  the  Don  Jose. 
His  happiness  radiated  from  him.  He  was  always  popular  with  the 
men,  but  these  days  they  felt  an  almost  womanish  sweetness  in  his 
nature,  and  responded  to  it  unconsciously.  At  noon,  on  the  way  to 
dinner,  they  threw  their  arms  roughly  about  his  shoulders  and 
dragged  him  along,  and  they  did  not  know  how  glad  he  was  to  be 
dragged  to  Hazel!  The  world  lay  in  a  new  light  to  him.  He  re- 
joiced in  the  very  life  of  the  fields  around  him ;  the  wide  valley  that 
stretched  off  to  the  rim  of  the  San  Rafael  mountains  smiled  at  him. 
and  he  felt  its  smile.  The  flourishing  acres  and  acres  of  beans  that 
bordered  the  Santa  Maria  River,  the  billowy  fields  of  grain,  higher 
than  the  fences,  the  miles  of  beet-tops,  and  the  great  beet-wagons 
piled  to  overflowing  with  beets,  drawn  by  sixteen-horse  teams  to  the 
factory — all  this  was  a  vivid,  vigorous  picture  to  him,  where  before 
it  had  meant  nothing  but  work.  His  love  had  so  beautified  his  own 
life  that  the  beauty  in  all  life  appealed  to  him. 

He  had  little  opportunity  of  seeing  Hazel  outside  of  meal  times, 
but  he  made  the  most  of  the  minutes  in  the  dining-room,  and  never 
failed  to  win  a  melting  smile  from  her.  With  the  first  day,  he  had 
gradually  improved  his  personal  appearance,  and  by  the  time  Hazel 
had  been  at  the  factory  a  month,  Guido  was  wearing  a  neck-tie  (be- 
fore, it  was  a  rare  thing  to  see  his  shirt  even  buttoned  at  the  neck)  ; 
his  feet  were  neatly  shod  in  patent-leather  ties ;  his  socks  were  red 
and  rather  gaudy,  but  this  was  a  great  improvement  over  no  socks 
at  all ;  his  face  shone  with  soap-scrubbings,  and  his  hair  was  brushed 
smoothly.  So  Hazel,  being  a  woman  and  therefore  susceptible  to 
the  allurement  of  black  Italian  eyes  that  caressed  her  in  every  glance, 
gave  freely  of  her  plentiful  store  of  smiles. 

Often  he  looked  around  for  her  after  supper,  but  he  seldom  saw 
her.  One  evening,  however,  she  went  to  the  post-ofiice,  and  Guido 
followed  closely  behind,  trying  to  muster  up  courage  to  walk  with 
her.  She  reached  the  store  before  he  reached  daring-point,  and 
when  she  started  back,  he  could  not  nerve  himself  to  strike  out  by 
her  side  with  all  those  grinning  faces  looking  from  the  porch  steps. 
The  next  minute  he  could  have  kicked  himself,  for  Harry  Bradley, 
one  of  the  young  office-men,  deliberately  left  his  crowd  and  hastened 
to  catch  up  with  her.  Guido  expected  to  hear  a  chorus  of  hoots,  but 
the  men  seemed  to  pay  no  attention  to  it.  He  did  not  know  Bradley 
at  all,  but  those  who  did  know  him  would  have  understood  why  no 
one  laughed  at  him  when  he  walked  with  Hazel.  He  had  the  ele- 
ments in  his  nature  that  go  to  make  up  the  boss.  He  had  been  at 
the  factory  three  years,  and  had  made  money  in  speculating  in  the 
Santa  Maria  Valley  Oil  Company.  His  money  give  him  distinction, 
affluence.    The  men  liked  to  be  noticed  by  him.     It  was  considered 


THB    RECOIL.  651 

a  pretty  good  thing  to  be  "in  on  things"  with  Bradley.  He  had  a 
fine  team  of  horses,  and  he  occasionally  placed  them  at  the  disposal 
of  any  one  who  might  be  able  to  do  him  a  favor.  It  was  five  miles 
to  Guadalupe,  the  nearest  whiskey  center,  and  seven  to  Santa  Maria, 
next  nearest.  So,  about  the  first  of  the  month,  it  was  mighty  nice 
to  have  Bradley  say,  "Like  to  have  my  team  tonight  ?  Might  as  well 
take  it — just  eatin'  their  heads  oflf." 

But  Guido  was  not  on  the  inside  track,  and  he  could  not  under- 
stand why  the  fellows  didn't  clear  their  throats  noisily,  and  cough, 
and  scuffle  their  feet.    Incidentally,  he  felt  the  first  pains  of  jealousy. 

The  next  morning  he  resolved  to  ask  Hazel  to  take  a  walk  with 
him,  that  evening.  The  day  was  so  bright  and  beautiful,  the  glorious 
California  sun  so  warm  and  penetrating,  the  air  so  soft  and  full  of 
the  smell  of  the  growing  fields,  that  he  drew  an  inspiration  from  it 
all,  and  felt  that  no  obstacle  was  too  great  for  him  to  overcome  in 
winning  the  girl  he  loved.  All  day  long  he  studied  over  how  he 
should  ask  her,  where  they  would  walk,  what  he  would  say  to  her. 

He  dressed  with  particular  care  before  he  went  into  the  dining- 
room.  He  had  waited  as  long  as  he  could  in  order  that  he  might  be 
in  there  after  the  others  had  gone  out.  When  he  walked  in,  with  a 
brand-new  suit  and  a  stiff  shirt,  the  men  greeted  him  hilariously 
But  he  didn't  care.  His  heart  beat  high  with  hope.  His  eyes  we,x 
luminous  with  the  light  of  love,  and  a  new  gentleness  had  crept  over 
his  face.  The  men  felt  the  goodness  of  him,  and  in  tbcir  hearts 
honored  him.  They  did  not  understand  what  it  was ;  they  only 
knew,  instinctively,  that  he  had  become  better  than  they  in  heart, 
and  they  mentally  paid  tribute  while  they  laughingly  cussed  hin.  for 
a  fool  dude. 

He  slowly  messed  over  his  supper,  and  when  the  last  man  left  the 
room,  he  was  still  sipping  tea.  Hazel  had  commenced  to  change  tiie 
table-cloths. 

"Miss  Daly,"  he  said,  "will  you  come  here  a  minute,  please?" 

Hazel  went  to  him  at  once,  smiling.  She  was  so  pretty  then.  She 
wore  a  little  white  shirt-waist  with  elbow-sleeves,  and  Guido  could 
see  her  satiny  throat  and  shoulders  through  the  lace  of  the  waist. 
Her  smooth,  white  arms  dimpled  at  the  elbow — oh !  she  was  so  sweet 
to  him — so  sweet  and  fair  and  desirable ! 

"I  just  wanted  to  know  if  you'd  like  to  take  a  walk  tonight. 
There's  going  to  be  a  fine  moon,  and  it's  nice  outdoors  these  even- 
ings." 

Hazel  thought  rapidly.  He  was  nobody,  but  she  did  get  lone- 
some, and  he  was  good  looking,  and  maybe  she  could  have  some  fun. 
Anyway,  it  would  be  something  to  do,  and  after  all,  he  might  be 
nice  enough  if  you  knew  him. 


652  OUT     WEST 

"Why,  yes,  I  guess  so.  Yes,  really,  I'd  like  to.  I  won't  be  through 
here  for  about  half  an  hour.'' 

''Well,  I'll  wait  out  on  the  porch  for  you." 
"All  right.    I'll  hurry  up." 

When  Hazel  joined  him  later,  he  led  the  way  to  the  lake  that  lies 
just  below  the  factory.  They  found  an  old  boat  on  the  shore,  and 
sat  down  in  it.  For  the  first  half  hour,  conversation  ran  easily. 
Hazel  told  him  a  few  little  bits  about  her  life  and  remarked  casually 
on  factory  things.  Guido,  after  he  had  delivered  the  few  sentences 
he  had  made  up  earlier  in  the  day,  began  to  grow  ill  at  ease.  He  was 
not  a  stupid  fellow ;  his  tongue  was  loose  enough  with  the  men,  and 
he  had  often  taken  girls  to  dances  when  he  lived  in  San  Jose,  and 
had  entertained  them  garrulously.  But  the  near  presence  of  this  girl 
numbed  the  initiative  in  him.  The  quiet  mystery  of  the  night  in- 
fluenced him  to  silence.  The  lake  shimmered  in  the  light  of  the 
moon ;  all  around  the  edge  of  the  water,  tall  tules  and  cat-tails 
rustled  in  the  gentle  night  wind.  The  killdees  swooped  low  over  the 
shore  and  cried  out  their  dismal,  haunting  cry ;  high  up  in  the  silver 
gum-trees  that  lined  the  walk  to  the  lake,  the  little  owls  screeched. 
Six  miles  across  the  fields,  in  the  hills  back  of  Santa  Maria,  gleamed 
hundreds  of  lights  from  the  oil  wells.  Guido,  just  now,  was  keenly 
sensitive  to  such  weirdness  of  atmosphere,  and  he  felt  that  it  was 
nicer  not  to  talk.  He  had  arrived  at  that  stage  in  his  love  when  talk- 
ing seems  superfluous,  when  communion  of  hearts  is  better  than  lan- 
guage of  lips.  But  it  troubled  him  that  Hazel  didn't  seem  to  feel  as 
he  did.  She  rattled  on  so  freely,  so  indifferently.  When  she  didn't 
talk,  she  hummed  popular  airs  and  thrummed  on  the  edge  of  the 
boat  with  her  fingers,  and  he  was  dimly  conscious  of  being  annoyed 
by  it.  But,  after  a  while,  she  talked  herself  out,  and  they  both  sat 
looking  off  into  the  lake,  silent.  With  each  moment,  the  atmosphere 
grew  more  intense.    To  have  her  so  near,  so  approachable ! 

Guido  impulsively  caught  her  hand,  and  kissed  it. 

Hazel  became  interested  at  once.  Men  never  kissed  her  hands; 
they  usually  sought  her  mouth.  What  a  funny  fellow  this  was  any- 
way! 

"Oh!"  breathed  the  man,  "I  just  love  you.  Miss  Daly.  I  guess 
you  know  it  already,  don't  you?  I  guess  I've  stared  at  you  ever 
since  you  came,  but  I  can't  help  it,  you're  so  pretty." 

He  ended  his  little  speech  plaintively,  pleadingly. 

"My  gracious !  I  don't  see  what  you  see  pretty  in  me,"  answered 
the  girl,  prosaically  shrugging  her  shoulders,  but  smiling  back  in- 
vitingly into  his  eyes. 

"Well,  anyway,  you  are.  Do  you  like  me?  Do  you  think  you 
could  ever  like  me  very  much  ?" 


THB    RECOIL.  653 

He  had  taken  both  her  hands,  and  was  leaning  toward  her  eagerly. 
Hazel  was  enjoying  herself. 

"Why,  sure !  I  like  you  fine  already.  What  makes  you  think  I 
don't?" 

"Oh,  I  don't  know — I  never  supposed  anybody  could  ever  like 
me." 

Then  he  put  his  arms  around  her  and  kissed  her  a  great  many 
times.  Neither  spoke  a  word,  but  Guide's  love  made  the  silence 
sing. 

At  eleven-thirty  the  train  up  from  Los  Angeles  whistled  hoarsely 
from  behind  the  mountains  and  soon  after  twinkled  past,  three  miles 
across  from  the  lake,  like  a  little  theatre-train.  Then  Guido  and 
Hazel  went  home. 

Guido  lay  awake  until  early  morning  in  a  fever  of  ecstasy,  going 
over  every  minute  of  the  evening,  and  planning  for  future  evenings 
just  like  this  one.  The  very  gates  of  Paradise  had  swung  open  for 
him.  For  the  first  time  since  he  was  a  little  boy,  he  made  a  prayer 
to  the  Virgin  Mary. 

Hazel,  rather  bored,  and  very  sleepy,  dismissed  the  evening  from 
her  mind  with,  "Gee,  but  he's  got  it  bad !"  and  was  asleep  five  min- 
utes afterward. 

The  next  day  was  pay-day.  Guido  carefully  hid  away  his  money. 
Now,  he  would  save  it.  No  more  "jamborees"  at  Guadalupe  for  him ! 
No  more  throwing  away  money  on  hiring  horses  to  ride  into  Santa 
Maria,  and  gambling  until  day-break !  All  that  was  put  behind  him. 
Henceforth,  his  life  was  to  be  devoted  to  Hazel;  he  would  live  to 
be  good  for  her,  to  save  money  for  her.  He  glowed  with  pride  in 
the  new  self  he  had  found.  He  felt  as  if  he  were  really  somebody 
now,  instead  of  the  shiftless,  lazy  Niboli.  He  wished  his  mother 
were  living  so  he  might  show  her  what  a  man  he  had  turned  out 
to  be. 

After  supper,  he  went  over  to  the  store.  Not  long  afterward, 
Hazel  came.  Guido  looked  at  her  stealthily,  and  gloated  in  the 
thought  that  he  had  spent  the  whole  evening  with  her  the  night  be- 
fore, and  perhaps,  if  he  worked  it  well,  he  might  see  her  a  little 
while  on  this  one.  He  decided  that  by  starting  at  once  for  the  hotel, 
and  walking  slowly  after  he  turned  the  corner  by  the  factory,  Hazel 
could  catch  up  to  him.  He  did  not  yet  dare  to  walk  with  her  before 
that  gang  of  men.  Even  if  they  didn't  guy  Harry  Bradley,  he  knew 
they  would  give  it  to  him.  So  he  swung  off  the  porch  and  went 
down  the  road  toward  the  hotel.  When  he  turned  the  corner,  he 
came  upon  Bradley  himself,  and  Phil  Prentiss,  Bradley's  closest  as- 
sociate at  the  factory. 

Guido  had  slackened  his  pace,  and  as  he  walked  past  the  men,  he 


654  OUT    WEST         ' 

caught  the  name,  "Hazel  Daly."  He  walked  still  slower,  and 
listened.  Bradley  was  laughing,  and  followed  up  his  laugh  with 
something  further  about  Hazel  that  sent  Guido  bounding  to  his  side. 
Quick  as  a  flash  he  struck  out  and  smashed  Bradley  full  in  the  face. 
Bradley  went  down,  and  Guido  stood  over  him,  panting  like  a  gladi- 
ator, his  eyes  narrowed  cruelly.  Prentiss  stood  by  stupidly,  too  sur- 
prised to  move. 

Then  Hazel  came  around  the  corner.  When  she  saw  Bradley 
stretched  out  on  the  ground,  his  nose  and  mouth  bleeding,  his  eyes 
shut,  she  gave  a  queer  little  cry,  and  ran  up  to  him.  With  her 
woman's  intuition,  she  comprehended  the  situation  in  a  second.  She 
took  a  quick  step  toward  Guido.  The  baby  look  had  left  her  eyes, 
her  mouth  had  lost  its  softness,  and  was  tight  and  hard. 

"What  did  you  hit  him  for?"  she  snapped,  menacingly. 

At  the  sight  of  her,  Guido's  face  had  become  gentle,  the  anger  had 
left  his  body.    Now  he  answered  her  slowly. 

■'Why,  because — why.  Miss  Daly,  he  was  saying  something  about 
you  that  I  didn't  like,  and  I  thought  he — " 

Before  he  could  finish.  Hazel  tossed  back  her  head,  raised  her 
hand  and  gave  him  a  stinging  slap  on  the  cheek. 

"You  can  just  tend  to  your  own  business,  you  little  black  Dago, 
and  let  my  affairs  alone,"  she  blurted  out. 

This  burst  of  temper  was  due  to  two  things.  First,  she  cared  a 
great  deal  for  Bradley,  and  when  she  saw  him  helpless  before  her, 
the  spirit  of  revenge  leaped  high.  And  then,  to  hear  that  he  had 
said  something  of  her  that  deserved  a  thrashing  at  the  hands  of 
Guido  so  humiliated  and  stung  her,  that  the  real  nature  of  her 
jumped  to  the  surface,  and  she  retaliated  like  any  hoodlum. 

Guido  put  his  hand  to  his  face  and  half  staggered  back.  A  dozen 
emotions  struggled  in  him  for  mastery,  and  of  them  all  self-pity  and 
black  despair  were  paramount.  That  in  him  which  had  grown  with 
his  love,  and  had  made  him  want  to  be  a  better  man,  became,  in  the 
first  minute  of  realization  of  what  Hazel  had  done,  almost  a  phys- 
ical part  of  him,  and  it  sickened  and  reeled.  Steel  bars  seemed 
clamped  about  his  heart  and  they  tightened  and  tightened  until  he 
crushed  his  hands  to  his  breast  for  relief.  In  his  throat,  in  his  heart, 
m  all  'his  body,  there  was  one  tremendous  sob  of  anguish.  In  the 
spiteful  glint  of  Hazel's  eyes  and  the  set  of  her  jaw,  he  saw  his  de- 
feat. The  dream-castles  he  had  built  for  himself  the  past  month 
crumbled  into  ruins.  The  black  futility  of  everything  spread  dis- 
mally before  him,  and  he  could  have  lain  down  there  in  the  road, 
and  wept  like  a  little  boy. 

When  Hazel  turned  from  him,  she  knelt  down  by  Bradley,  who 


THB    RECOIL.  655 

had  opened  his  eyes,  and  began  to  wipe  his  face  with  her  handker- 
chief. 

''Oh,"  she  moaned,  "are  you  hurt  much?  Is  there  anything  I  can 
do?    I  am  awfully  sorry." 

She  tenderly  brushed  back  his  hair,  and  let  the  tears  roll  un- 
checked down  her  face.  Then,  turning  to  Prentiss,  who  was  still 
standing  like  a  dolt,  so  quickly  had  the  whole  affair  taken  place,  she 
said,  "Why  don't  you  do  something  to  that  chump?"  jerking  her 
head  toward  Guido. 

Then  did  his  weak  despair  give  place  to  strong  ungovernable  rage 
and  hatred.  A  something,  new-born  the  instant  he  saw  the  caress 
of  her  hand  on  Bradley's  hair,  rose  within  him  and  throttled  his 
love,  his  goodness,  his  gentleness,  and  hurled  him  back  lower  than 
he  had  ever  been  before.  The  brute  in  him  tugged  and  growled. 
His  hands  itched  to  torture  something.  Most  of  all,  he  wanted  to 
hurt  that  girl.  To  take  hold  of  her  wrists  and  wrench  them,  to  crush 
her  fingers  in  his,  to  see  her  flinch  under  his  rough  strength !  He 
gritted  his  teeth  and  snarled  like  a  mad-dog.  Then,  as  if  afraid  to 
trust  himself  near  her  any  longer,  he  started  down  the  road  on  a 
dead  run,  dashed  into  the  hotel,  up  the  stairs  to  his  room,  and  tore 
excitedly  around  from  corner  to  corner,  muttering  in  Italian,  cursing 
in  English.  He  quieted  down  shortly,  and  began  to  pack  his  few 
clothes  in  an  old  straw  telescope.  He  took  out  the  money  he  had 
so  proudly  put  away  not  an  hour  before,  and  with  his  basket  slung 
over  his  back,  he  left  the  hotel.  Only  a  few  of  the  men  saw  him  go. 
One  called  out  after  him,  but  was  promptly  told  to  go  to  hell.  He 
took  a  roundabout  way,  avoiding  the  factory  and  store,  and  was  soon 
on  the  railroad  track  that  led  to  Guadalupe.  Two  hours  later,  when 
he  reached  the  straggly  little  village,  he  lurched  into  a  saloon  and 
threw  his  bundle  into  a  corner. 

"Give  me  all  the  whiskey  you  got,"  he  bawled  to  the  bartender, 
throwing  down  a  gold  coin. 

He  drank  and  gambled  and  drank  until  he  had  no  money  or 
senses  left  to  order  more.  About  four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  all 
the  saloon  hangers-on  had  gone,  and  the  proprietor  gruffly  told 
Guido  to  clear  out,  shoving  him  outside  the  door. 

The  tipsy  fellow  staggered  down  a  path,  and  after  a  few  unsteady 
steps,  fell  at  the  foot  of  a  tree.  There  he  lay,  sprawled  in  the  damp 
grass,  the  big  white  moon  shining  over  him.  When  dawn  crept  over 
the  hills,  he  was  still  there,  clutching  at  handfuls  of  grass,  and 
whispering  in  his  drunken  stupor,  "Haselle!    Haselle !" 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


656 
SCHOOL-DAYS  ON  THE   HASSAYAMPA 

By  LAURA  TILDEN  KENT. 

VI. 

MR.  JONES  RE-BURIES  BILL  EASTMAN. 

H!  PAPA,  what  are  these  funny  little  things?"     Isabel 

and   Johnny  charged   pell-mell   into  the   yard   where 

Papa  had  been  helping  Mr.  Jones  at  the  work-bencli 

a  little  while  before.     The  "room  or  so"  that  Papa 

had   said   must  be  built   before   fall   was   now  being 

added  to  the  Thornes'  "new"  house,  and  Mr.  Jones,  who  boasted 

himself  to  be  a  carpenter,  as  well  as  a  miner,  a  mill-man,  a  teamster, 

and  an  old-timer,  was  doing  the  work,  with  Papa's  help. 

A  momentary  bashfulness  fell  upon  the  children  on  the  discovery 
that  Mr.  Jones  was  alone  now,  but  Isabel  soon  plucked  up  her 
courage. 

"Mr.  Jones,"  she  said,  "could  you  tell  us  what  these  funny  little 
stone  things  are?" 

"Them,"  replied  Mr.  Jones,  "is  Injun  arrow-heads." 

"Oh !"  said  Isabel  and  Johnny,  in  an  awed  chorus. 

"They  used  to  shoot  piles  o'  Injuns  'round  here,  yuh  see,"  Mr. 
Jones  went  on  obligingly.  "Mebby  yer  Pa's  told  yuh  how  Ole 
Man  Peters  use'  to  put  up  on  the  ranch  here,  in  this  here  log 
house,  an'  how  he  use'  to  tie  a  horse  out  in  this  here  flat,  an' 
then  watch  at  these  here  loopholes  'til  a  Injun  'ud  sneak  up  to 
steal  it,  an'  then  'ud  shoot  him?" 

"No,  I  never  did!  Why  did  he  want  the  Indian  to  steal  his 
horse?" 

"Didn't,"  said  Mr.  Jones.  "Just  wanted  to  give  him  somethin' 
to  come  fer.  If  they  hadn't  'a'  come  to  steal  the  bronco  when  he 
wus  watchin',  they'd  'a'  nacherly  come  an'  stole  it,  or  somethin' 
else,  when  he  wuzn't." 

"Mr.  Jones,"  Isabel  asked  very  respectfully,  "did  you  ever  see 
any  Indians?"  '^ 

"Slathers  of  'em.  Killed  a  plenty,  too,  an'  I've  come  clost  to 
bein'  finished  by  'em  myself.*' 

"Here?"  asked  the  children. 

"W'y  hereabouts,  an'  in  New  Mexico,"  replied  Mr.  Jones  gently, 
planing  away  at  a  particularly  rough-looking  board.  He  looked 
little  like  an  Indian  fighter  now,  with  his  grizzled  hair  and  his 
mild  blue  eyes.  One  could  easily  believe  that  he  had  had  encounters 
in  plenty  with  the  elements,  for  he  did  look  weather-beaten,  and 
weather-seasoned,  and  weather-hardened — but  Indians!  Still,  as 
Mr.  Jones  looked  up  now,  his  eyes  seemed  to  grow  brighter  and 


SCHOOL-DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA  657 

harder.  Usually,  he  moved  about  his  work  in  a  very  pottering 
way,  but  now  his  hands  took  on  quicker  and  more  decisive  action. 
Then  as  Mr.  Thorne  came  back,  they  stopped  entirely,  except  for 
an  expressive  gesture  now  and  then,  and  the  new  energy  strength- 
ened in  his  eyes. 

"I've  been  a-tellin'  these  here  kids  about  the  Injuns,"  he  chuckled. 
And  he  bit  off  an  extra  large  "chew"  of  tobacco  as  he  spoke.  "An' 
I  just  happened  to  recollect  somethin'  'ut  happened  along  in  the 
seventies  down  in  New  Mexico.  Did  I  ever  tell  you  how  me  an* 
some  other  fellers  buried  Bill  Eastman?" 

"I  don't  think  so,"  replied  Mr.  Thorne. 

"Well  now !  That  wuz  the  time  the'  wuz  some  lively  doin's 
'round  camp."  Old  Mr.  Jones  paused  for  a  retrospective  moment, 
and  then  went  on :  "Now,  yuh  see,  it  wuz  this  here  way.  I  wuz 
out  in  New  Mexico  at  the  time,  doin'  some  title  work  on  a  claim 
I'd  took  up  near  Deming — at  Victoria,  'twuz.  Victoria  wuzn't 
hardly  more'n  a  camp  at  the  time.  'Twuz  named  fer  the  Apache 
chief,  yuh  know.  Him  an'  Geronimo  wuz  both  on  the  war  path 
at  the  time,  an'  all  the  prospectors  'round  had  to  keep  in  camp, 
or  else  be  mighty  careful  how  they  did  when  they  went  anywheres. 

"Well,  sir,  one  mornin'  I  wuz  a-workin'  away  in  a  little  prospect- 
hole  that  I  wuz  a-diggin'  on  that  there  claim  I  told  yuh  about,  an' 
I  heerd  some  kind  of  a  little  noise  an'  looked  up,  makin'  a  grab 
fer  my  rifle  at  the  same  time,  fer  we  alius  had  to  be  watchin'  out 
fer  the  Apaches  them  days.  But  it  turned  out  this  wuzn't  no 
Injun.  It  wuz  a  couple  o'  fellers  I  knowed  putty  well — Jim  Shaw 
an'  Tom  Jones — Tom  wuzn't  no  relation  o'  mine,  though — an'  them 
poor  devils  wuz  jest  plumb  scared  to  death,  I  could  see  the  minute 
I  clapped  my  eyes  on  'em.  They  wuz  a-pantin'  an'  a-puffin'  an 
a-blowin'  an'  a-shakin'  all  over  like  they  wuz  a-havin'  the  ager. 
an'  their  ponies  wuz  so  plumb  give  out  that  I  thought  sure  they'd 
lay  right  down  an'  die  in  their  tracks. 

"Well,  sir,  as  soon  as  I  seen  'em  I  knowed,  o'  course,  putty  nigh 
what  wuz  up,  an'  I  hopped  out  o'  that  there  hole  putty  lively,  an' 
says: 

"  'W'y,  boys,  what's  the  matter  ?'  An'  they  wuz  so  plumb  done 
up  't  they  could  hardly  make  out  to  say  a  blame  word,  but  they 
kind  o'  laid  up  agin  the  windlass  I'd  jest  put  up  fer  a  minute  an' 
then  they  says,  'W'y,  Bill— poor  Bill  Eastman — the  Apaches  has 
got  him,'  they  says. 

"  'The  hell  they  have,'  I  says.    'How'd  that  happen  ?' 
"An'  they  said  'ut  the  night  before  they'd  been  out  prospectin' 
down  near  the  Three  Sisters — that's  three  peaks  about  thirty  mile 
south  o'  Victoria — an'  they  thought  they'd  camp  fer  the  night  at 


658  OUT    WEST 

a  spring  that  wuz  right  at  the  foot  o'  one  o'  the  peaks,  only  they 
didn't  want  to  stop  right  at  the  spring  on  account  o'  the  Apaches. 
The'  never  wuz  no  telHn'  when  they'd  turn  up,  yuh  see,  an'  they 
didn't  know  fer  sure,  o'  course,  but  what  the'  might  be  some  camped 
at  this  here  spring  right  then,  though  they  hadn't  saw  no  signs  o 
none  all  day. 

"So  they  got  in  behind  some  mesquite  that  wuz  growin'  'round 
there  putty  thick,  an'  kep'  their  animals  in  putty  clost,  an'  kind 
o'  laid  low  until  putty  nigh  dark,  an'  then  they  wuz  goin'  to  send 
one  o'  the  bunch  out  after  water,  an'  to  do  some  gener'l  kind  o' 
r^connoiterin'  'round  the  spring.    An'  Bill  said  he'd  go. 

"Well,  sir,  he  went,  an'  them  fellers  waited  there  fer  him  fer 
what  they  thought  wuz  a  mighty  long  time,  they  said,  an'  then 
they  heerd  just  one  shot.  They  waited  an'  didn't  hear  nuthin'  more, 
an'  so  they  knowed  that  the  Apaches  had  got  Bill.  An'  they  jest 
jumped  onto  their  horses  an'  lit  out  acrost  that  there  desert  fer 
all  they  wuz  worth — an'  that  wuzn't  any  too  much,  fer  their  horses 
wuz  putty  well  wore  out  from  travelin'  all  day. 

"They  hoped  'ut  they  could  make  out  to  git  away  without  the 
Apaches  seein'  'em,  but  when  they  looked  back  there  wuz  a  whole 
band  quite  a  piece  behind  'em,  jest  a-bobbin'  up  an'  down  with 
the  lopin'  o'  their  horses,  comin'  on  jest  as  steady  as  could  be. 

"Well,  they  wuz  nacherly  putty  bad  scared,  an'  they  kep'  goin' 
as  hard  as  they  could,  but  they  couldn't  seem  to  gain  none  on  the 
Injuns.  They  thought  sure  'ut  the  Apaches  'ud  have  'em,  same 
as  Bill,  but  they  didn't  seem  to  gain  none,  neither,  an'  Sam  an' 
Tom  they  figgered  it  'ut  they  must  'a'  rode  putty  hard  all  day,  an' 
their  horses  wuzn't  right  fresh,  or  else  they  wuz  jest  a-havin'  some 
fun  with  'em  an'  they'd  putty  soon  come  up  with  'em  an'  scalp  'em. 

"Well,  sir,  they  kep'  a-ridin'  that  way  all  night.  Sometimes 
their  horses  'ud  give  out  an'  they'd  have  to  rest  'em,  an'  they  sort 
o'  lost  their  bearin's  an'  didn't  know  hardly  where  they  wuz  at, 
but  most  o'  the  time  they  could  see  them  Apaches  ridin'  behind  'em, 
bobbin'  up  an'  down,  up  an'  down,  slowin'  up  when  they  did,  an' 
ridin'  faster  when  they  hit  it  up  some.  An'  then  after  a  while  they 
noticed  'ut  the  band  wuz  sort  o'  gettin'  thinned  out  some,  an' 
then  they  jest  nacherly  dropped  behind  entirely,  so  they  knowed 
then  'ut  their  horses  couldn't  'a'  been  fresh  or  else  they'd  'a'  got 
'em.  An'  then  they  had  some  sort  o'  show  to  figger  'round  an' 
find  out  where  they  wuz  at,  an'  they  finally  got  themselves  located 
an'  come  on  to  Victoria. 

"Yuh  see,  they  told  me  some  o'  this  then,  when  they  first  come 
to  my  hole,  an'  some  when  I  wuz  a-takin'  'em  to  camp. 

"Well,  I  sent  'em  ofif  to  sleep  some,  an'  I  went  'round  an'  got 


SCHOOL -DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA  659 

together  as  many  o'  the  boys  as  I  could,  an'  we  agreed  to  go 
back  that  evenin'  an'  bury  Bill.  So  we  started  out  that  afternoon, 
kind  o'  toward  night,  an'  we  took  Sam  an'  Tom  with  us  to  show 
us  where  they'd  been.  I  s'pose  they  must  'a'  been  about  twenty 
of  us,  all  armed  with  every  blamed  weapon  we  could  lay  our  hands 
on,  fer  Tom  an'  Sam  wuz  plumb  sure  they  wuz  anyhow  thirty  o' 
the  Apaches  in  the  band,  an'  they  kind  o'  leaned  to  the  idea  that 
the'  wuz  more  like  forty  or  fifty. 

"Now,  I  tell  yuh,  we  felt  putty  solemn  like.  Bill  wuz  a  putty 
darned  good  feller,  an'  we  wuz  all  sorry  'ut  the  Injuns  had  to  git 
him,  an'  we  wuz  putty  tolerable  anxious,  too,  fer  our  own  scalps. 
An'  so  we  wuz  a-goin'  along  putty  quiet  like  an'  all  on  the  lookout 
fer  the  Apaches,  an'  we  come  to  another  little  spring,  about  ten 
miles  from  the  Three  Sisters,  an'  there  we  seen  a  man — 'twas  moon- 
light then — layin'  stretched  out  alongside  o'  the  spring,  all  alone, 
not  even  a  animal  anywhere  't  we  could  see,  an'  he  didn't  have  so 
much  as  a  blanket  under  him. 

"He  set  up  when  he  heerd  us,  an'  grabbed  fer  his  six-shooter, 
an'  then  he  seen,  who  we  wuz. 

"  'W'y,  hello,  Pete,'  he  says  to  me.  'Where  are  you  fellers 
a-goin'  ?' 

"'W'y,  Bill!'  I  says;  'I  do  be  blamed!  W'y,  Bill,  how  in  the 
devil  'd  yuh  git  away  ?  W'y,  we  wuz  comin'  to  bury  yuh !'  I  says. 
.  "  'Git  azuay  from  what  ?'  says  Bill,  kind  o'  cool  an'  yet  putty 
tolerable  hot-like,  too.    'What  'd  I  git  away  from  ?' 

"  'The  Apaches !'  we  all  yells  out. 

"  'Apaches !     I  ain't  saw  no  Apaches !'  says  Bill. 

"  'W'y,  here's  Sam  an'  Tom  sayin'  you  wuz  killed  las'  night  by 
em,'  we  all  started  in  sayin'.  'An'  here's  us  fellers  plumb  sure 
we'd  find  yuh  dead,  an'  likely  we'd  lose  some  o'  our  own  scalps 
a-doin'  it — an'  Sam  an'  Tom  chased  putty  nigh  to  Victoria  by 
Apaches !' 

"Well,  sir,  then  Bill,  he  sure  did  let  loose,  an'  the  air  it  wuz 
plumb  blue    'round  there  fer  quite  a  spell. 

"  'The  blame  fools !'  he  says,  when  he'd  cooled  down  some.  'W'y, 
it  wuz  this  way:  I  started  to  the  spring  fer  water,  an'  when  I'd 
got  my  reconnoiterin'  did  an'  wuz  satisfied  they  wuzn't  no  Apache.> 
'round,  I  started  off  down  the  hill  at  a  putty  good  lick,  an'  I  caught 
my  gun  on  a  mesquite  bush.  I  had  it  cocked,  ready,  an'  it  went 
off!  An'  then,'  says  Bill,  beginnin'  to  warm  up  some  more,  'when 
1  come  back,  if  there  wuzn't  them  there  damned  lunatics  hittin' 
it  up  acrost  the  desert  like  a  couple  o'  cowardly  idiots,  plumb  scared 
to  death! — An'  there  wuz  my  horse  an'  the  pack-mule  a-follerin' 
after  'em!       An'   they'd   look   'round,  an'  then  they'd   sock  their 


660  OUT    WEST 

spurs  into  them  poor  old  wore-out  horses,  an'  away  they'd  go  agin, 
harder'n  ever! — An'  there  wuz  me  a-wavin'  my  arms  'round  an' 
a-yelHn',  an'  them  not  a-payin'  no  more  attention  to  me  'n  if  I'd 
been  so  many  coyotes  a-yappin' !  Gee  whizz !'  he  says,  'mebby  you 
boys  thinks  I  wuzn't  mad! — An'  I've  been  a-gittin'  madder  an' 
madder  ever  since,'  he  says,  beginnin'  to  cuss  some  more.  'An'  if 
you  don't  want  them  cowards  to  git  killed,  w'y,  you  keep  'em  away 
from  me!' 

"  'But  the  Apaches  that  chased  Sam  an'  Tom  ?'  somebody  says. 

"An'  Bill,  he  began  cussin'  all  over  agin. 

"  *  W'y,  don't  the  fools  know  giant  cactus  when  they  see  it  ?'  he 
says.  'Jest  start  out  acrost  this  here  desert  on  a  run,  an'  see  if 
yuh  can't  see  it  bobbin'  up  an'  down  behind  yuh !' 

"Well,  sir,  Sam  an'  Tom,  they  tried  every  way  to  make  up  to 
Bill,  an'  they  tried  to  tell  him  how  sorry  they  wuz,  but  he  jest 
nacherly  wouldn't  say  a  blame  word  to  'em.  An'  so  we  started  out 
to  find  the  pack-mule,  an'  found  it  dead  about  a  mile  from  there, 
all  tangled  up  in  its  picket  rope.  Bill's  horse  come  in  with  the 
boys,  an'  we  started  back  to  Victoria. 

"An'  I'll  be  blamed  if  ever  Bill  would  speak  to  either  o'  them 
two  fellers  agin ! — An'  them  a-beggin'  him,  an'  fairly  bawlin'  about 
it !"     Mr.  Jones  paused  meditatively.    Then  he  burst  into  laughter. 

"Haw !  haw !  haw !  It  does  make  me  laugh  to  think  how  mad 
Bill  really  wuz !     Haw !  haw !" 

Then  he  slowly  put  out  his  hand  and  picked  up  the  plane. 

"I  reckon  I'd  better  be  a-gettin'  to  my  work,"  he  said. 

"And  there  weren't  any  Indians,  at  all?"  asked  Johnny,  rather 
disappointed  that  the  ending  of  the  tale  should  be  so  tame,  though 
he  rejoiced  in  the  rescue  of  Bill. 

"Not  a  Injun — that  time,"  said  Mr.  Jones,  biting  off  another 
large  "chaw." 

Maxton,  Arizona. 


Among   the    San    Francisco    Sky-ScrapeiA 
This  and  most  of  the  following  views  of  San  Francisco  are  from  photographs 
furnished  by  Sunset  Magazine. 


or  "HE 


y 


the:  new  SAN  FRANCISCO 

By  EDWARD  ROBESON  TAYLOR, 
Mayor  of  San  Francisco. 

HE  most  significant,  and  at  the  same  time,  the  most 
palpable  result  of  the  fire,  is  the  spirit  and  energy  of 
the  people.  San  Francisco  has  truly  taken  on  such 
new  life,  and  has  expressed  and  is  expressing  that  new 
life  in  such  fine  architectural  forms,  and  in  such  ap- 
parent determination  to  make  the  city  great  in  all-  metropolitan  ways, 
that  what  seemed  at  the  time  of  fire  to  be  a  curse  is  veritably  turn- 
ing out  to  be  a  blessing.  The  fire  has,  indeed,  speeded  us  toward  far 
better  things ;  the  old  buildings,  which  would  have  remained  for 
years  as  sufficiently  rent-producing,  have  been  succeeded  by  new 
ones,  which  are  not  only  structurally  stronger  but  in  design  larger, 
and  so  attractive  and  satisfying  to  the  eye  as  to  put  their  predeces- 
sors quite  out  of  countenance.  There  may  be  some  people  here, 
who,  behind  the  barriers  of  their  own  little  selfishness,  look  at  every- 
thing around  them  through  very  small  pin-holes ;  but  the  great 
majority  of  us  are  moved  by  the  motto  of  "One  for  all  and  all  for 
one,''  who,  with  eyes  wide-open  to  the  whole  world,  and  with  a 
stout  and  courageous  heart,  confidently  expect  a  great  future  for 
the  City,  and  intend  to  do  everything  possible  to  bring  it  about. 
Pessimism  never  flourished  in  the  soil  of  San  Francisco,  nor  negative 
optimism,  .which  is  as  bad.  We  here  are  optimists,  it  is  true,  but 
such  optimists  as  are  active  in  trying  to  bring  about  what  we  con- 
fidently expect  is  in  store  for  us. 


Looking  Down  Post  Street  from  Kearney 


665 

^  THE  PORTOLA  FESTIVAL 

By  P.  V.  CLAY. 

HE  city  of  San  Francisco  is  going  to  hold  a  Festival  this 
year  from  October  the  nineteenth  to  the  twenty-third, 
inclusive,  ostensibly  to  celebrate  the  hundred  and  forti- 
eth anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  San  Francisco  Bay 
by  Caspar  de  Portola,  the  first  Governor  of  the  State 
of  California. 

The  real  object  of  this  celebration  is  to  demonstrate  to  the  entire 
world,  that  the  spirit  of  the  Argonauts  is  still  supreme  in  the  Cali- 
fornia people ;  that  after  having  suffered  the  greatest  disaster  that 
ever  befell  a  city,  when  it  was  predicted  by  pessimists  and  scoffers, 
that  it  would  take  five  years  to  make  the  streets  passable ;  after 
suffering  the  aftermath  and  going  through  the  throes  of  a  house 
divided  against  itself,  through  the  dissensions  between  labor  and 
capital  and  a  corrupt  political  situation,  the  love  of  the  State  and 
City  has  risen  supreme,  and  San  Francisco  realizes  that  her  suprem- 
acy is  dependent  upon  the  doctrine  of  "All  for  one,  and  one  for  all." 
So  cosmopolitan  is  San  Francisco,  that  it  has  always  been  regarded 
as  the  home  of  mirth  and  joy,  a  city  of  care-free  people,  who  dance 
and  care  not  what  they  pay  the  piper.  The  world  has  felt  that  the 
spirit  of  Bohemianism  was  prevalent  in  San  Francisco  in  its  highest 
development ;  in  order  that  the  world  may  see  that  good  fellowship, 
camaraderie  and  Bohemianism  are  still  predominant,  and  part  and 
parcel  of  the  very  atmosphere  of  the  city,  the  Portola  Festival  was 
originated  to  give  to  the  visitor  and  stranger  within  our  Gates  five 
full  days  of  unalloyed  pleasure  and  a  year  of  pleasant  memories. 

Caspar  de  Portola  is  to  return  to  earth  and  resume  for  five  days 
his  sway  over  his  dominions.  This  new  Caspar,  however,  is  to  be 
the  rollicking,  care-free,  laughter-loving  soldier  of  fortune ;  not  the 
stern  ascetic  pioneer  paving  a  way  for  the  Franciscan  friars  and 
laying  the  corner  stones  of  the  future  missions  of  California.  He  is 
going  to  partake  more  of  the  nature  of  King  Rex  of  New  Orleans, 
and  the  Carnival  spirit  is  to  have  full  sway  during  the  five  days  of 
his  reign. 

Much  has  been  accomplished  already  by  the  Portola  Festival  com- 
mittee— more  than  the  outsiders  realize.  Invitations  have  been  sent 
out  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  signed  by  President 
Taft  and  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  all  nations  bordering  upon  the 
Atlantic  and  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  requesting  them 
to  send  war-ships  to  San  Francisco  Bay  to  take  part  in  the  Portola 
Festival,  and  to  take  official  cognizance  of  the  rebuilding  of  San 
Francisco. 

Mr.  Charles  C.  Moore  has  been  sent  as  envoy  to  these  various 


u 


THE    PORTOLA    FESTIVAL  667 

nations,  fully  accredited  by  our  Government  with  full  power  to 
interest  them  in  this  project.  * 

President  Taft  has  expressed  his  desire  and  signified  his  intention 
of  being  present  at  this  Festival. 

By  the  time  this  paper  goes  to  press,  a  special  train  composed  of 
Portola  boosters  will  travel  the  length  and  breadth  of  California, 
soliciting  the  aid  and  enlisting  the  support  of  all  cities  of  five  thou- 
sand inhabitants  and  over,  requesting  that  they  send  floats  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  all  California's  Cities  Parade. 

The  plans  of  the  Entertainment  Committee,  while  they  are  as  yet 
in  an  embryonic  state,  will  consist  principally  of  the  following  items : 

Caspar  de  Portola  will  arrive  oflF  the  Port  of  San  Francisco  on  the 
morning  of  Tuesday,  October  19th.     He  will  sail  through  the  Golden 


Japanese  Tea  Garden,  Golden  Gate  Park 

Gate  and  embark  at  the  foot  of  Market  street,  where  he  will  be  met 
by  the  Portola  Dragoons,  United  States  Troops^  Sailors  from  the 
various  war-ships,  and  civil  and  military  authorities. 

The  next  day  the  Queen  of  Spain,  accompanied  by  her  Maids  of 
Honor,  which  will  include  several  of  the  fairest  daughters  of  Mexico 
and  South  America,  will  make  her  grand  entree  into  the  City  of 
San  Francisco. 

There  will  be  a  parade  of  manufacturers  and  merchants,  and  also 
an  all  California  parade. 

The  champion  athletes  of  the  world  have  signified  their  intention 
of  participating  in  the  athletic  games  to  be  held  on  October  21st,  22nd 
and  23rd. 

On  the  r.ight  of  October  23rd,  there  will  be  a  grand  illuminated 
parade  of  floats,  showing  the  history  and  romance  of  California, 
such  as  the  Landing  of  Sir  Francis  Drake,  The  March  of  Caspar 


THE    PORTOLA    FESTIVAL 


669 


de  Portola,  Junipero  Serra,  and  the  Founding  of  the  Various  Mis- 
sions of  Cahfornia,  Fremont's  Soldiers,  the  Discovery  of  Gold,  Pio- 
neers Crossing  the  Plains,  Indians,  Cowboys,  Mining  Camps,  Cali- 
fornia Troops  who  went  to  the  Philippines  during  the  Spanish  War ; 
and,  in  fact,  a  pictorial  portrayal  of  California  History. 

The  aims,  ambitions  and  desires  of  the  gentlemen  composing  the 
Portola  Festival  Committee,  are  to  bring  from  two  hundred  and 
fifty  to  three  hundred  thousand  people  into  California  and  San  Fran- 
cisco; to  entertain  them  so  royally  that  these  visitors  will  want  to 
return  and  settle  and  live  in  the  city  where  they  can  be  adjacent  to 
and  in  touch  with  the  marvelous  city  of  San  Francisco. 


In  the  Hotel  St.   Francis 


671 

THE  PORTOLA  FESTIVAL 

By  HOMER  BOUSHEY. 

ARLY  in  January  of  this  year  this  proclamation   was 
issued : 

"HEAR  YE ! 

HEAR  YE ! ! 

HEAR  YE ! ! ! 
"All  good  and  loyal  citizens  of  San  Francisco,  and  of  the  Western 
Boundaries  of  the  United  States,  the  great  and  glorious  State  of 
California : 

"Take  notice  that  I,  Caspar  de  Portola,  who  was  your  first  Gover- 
nor and  saw  your  barren  hills  and  sand-dunes  in  October,  anno 
doniini  1769,  am  about  to  return  in  the  flesh  to  view  the  wondrous 
works  which  you  have  wrought — your  palaces  and  parks :  Your  pon- 
derous domes  and  fairy  architecture ;  to  praise  or  censure  as  the  case 
may  be.  See  to  it  then  that  ye  receive  me  with  all  due  pomp  and 
pageantry,  for  I  shall  arrive  upon  your  shores  on  the  19th  day  of 
October  anno  domini  1909;  lay  aside  dull  care,  and  make  of  this  a 
joyous  Carnival  Season ;  lay  aside  all  malice,  and  let  the  Spirit  of 
Mirth  and  Folly  have  free  rein,  for  if  ye  receive  me  well  and  give 
kindly  greeting  to  these,  my  ministers,  Mirth  and  Folly,  I  shall  come 
again  to  visit  you,  each  year,  bringing  rich  gifts  and  great  blessings ; 
and  laughter  and  songs  shall  abound  throughout  the  land.  See  to 
them  that  ye  fail  me  not ! 

"CASPAR  DE  PORTOLA, 
"Duke  of  the  Golden  Gate  and  Lord  of  the  Peninsula." 

From  that  moment  up  to  the  present  time,  his  wishes  have  been 
and  are  being  most  carefully  carried  out. 

When  the  Commercial  Bodies  of  San  Francisco  decided  that  they 
would  have  a  Festival  in  October,  they  determined  it  should  be 
unique  among  the  carnivals  in  the  United  States,  that  it  should  be 
historical  in  its  significance  and  should  be  known  as  the  Portola 
Festival  in  honor  of  the  Spanish  explorer,  the  friend  and  companion 
of  Father  Junipero  Serra,  who  led  the  famous  expedition  to  San 
Francisco  in  1769.  An  Executive  Committee  went  quietly  and  sys- 
tematically to  work,  and  at  the  date  of  writing  this  article  has  made 
the  coming  festival  not  only  a  national  aflfair,  but  world-renowned. 

New  Orleans  has  its  Mardi  Gras ;  St.  Louis  its  Veiled  Prophets, 
and  Omaha  its  Ark-Sar-Ben,  which  yearly  attract  thousands  and 
thousands  of  people  to  those  cities,  but  to  the  Portola  Festival  will 
come  the  world  and  his  wife ;  for  there  is  so  much  sentiment  and 
historic  romance  centered  about  San  Francisco  that  the  festival  is 
bound  to  be  a  most  wonderful  one.     The  early  Spanish  settlers,  with 


THE    PORTO  LA    FESTIVAL 


673 


their  old  quaint  ways,  have  thrown  a  cloak  oi  romance  over  this 
section  that  is  famed  the  world  over. 

From  its  inception  the  Portola  Festival  has  had  the  indorsement  of 
all  the  commercial,  fraternal  and  civic  organizations  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  with  what  success  their  efforts  have  been  crowned  will 
be  presently  shown.  While  other  cities  have  had  festivals  and  cele- 
brations annually  for  many  years  past,  their  affairs  have  been  to  a 
large  extent  local  in  their  inception  and  aims.  The  Mardi  Gras  of 
New  Orleans  alone  stands  out  among  them  as  being  at  all  cosmo- 
politan, and  with  the  vast  resources  of  California  and  the  magnifi- 
cent scale  on  which  the  Californian  undertakes  affairs  of  this  kind, 
it  was  a  foregone  conclusion  that  the  Portola  Festival  would  more 


Lujjjjv  OF  iioTEL  'Argonaut 

than  eclipse  it.  The  greatest  asset  which  San  Francisco  has  for  a 
successful  celebration  lies  in  the  carnival  spirit  of  the  community, 
which  up  to  the  present  time  has  had  to  content  itself  with  a  few 
brief  hours  ushering  in  the  coming  year. 

Early  in  the  day,  of  course,  much  thought  was  given  as  to  how 
the  festival  should  be  conducted,  and  it  was  immediately  decided 
that  it  should  be  strictly  Spanish  in  character — and  San  Franciscan 
spirit;  the  open  hospitality  of  old  California  was  to  be  the  keynote 
and  Bohemianism  the  watchword.  That  being  settled,  the  various 
committees  began  to  figure  on  the  nature  of  the  programme,  and 
the  city  began  to  take  notice.  Then  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Portola  Festival  offered  a  prize  amounting  in  value  to  one  hun- 


u 


m 


> 


THE    PORTOLA    FESTIVAL  675 

dred  dollars  for  the  photograph  of  the  most  beautiful  young  woman 
in  J:he  State  of  California,  and  she  who  was  adjudged  queen  of 
beauty  in  the  state-wide  contest  should  have  the  honor  of  being  the 
"Portola  Poster  Girl."  The  newspapers  now  began  to  wax  enthusi- 
astic, and  sailing  became  a  little  easier;  for  once  the  press  becomes 
interested,  its  readers  will  quickly  warm  to  the  subject,  especially 
when  they  see  of  what  wide-world  interest  it  is  to  them.  Meeting 
followed  meeting  at  which  future  plans  were  formulated.  Then 
came  the  great  Portola  banquet  on  March  26th,  at  which  it  was  said 
that  if  the  enthusiasm  displayed  that  night  was  any  indication  of  the 
feeling  of  the  general  public,  if  the  wild  hurrahs  which  greeted  the 
mention  of  Caspar  de  Portola's  name  were  to  be  a  basis  of  judg- 
ment, if  the  hilarious  applause  which  accompanied  the  appearance  of 
Portola  himself,  were  suggestive  of  the  spirit  of  the  whole  great 


Chinese  Children  in  San  Francisco 

State  of  California,  then  the  Portola  Festival  was  not  only  an  assured 
success,  but  was  destined  to  become  as  far-famed  as  the  Mardi  Gras 
of  New  Orleans.  That  was  in  March,  now  in  July  the  whole  world 
not  only  knows  all  about  our  Portola  Festival,  but  is  going  to  con- 
tribute to  its  success.  Truly  the  "stickatitiveness''  of  the  men  of  San 
Francisco  was  bringing  them  in  a  rich  reward. 

As  early  as  April  there  were  whisperings  abroad  that  arrange- 
ments were  being  made  through  Governor  Gillette  and  Mayor  Taylor 
and  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Washington,  to  have  war- 
ships of  all  nations  in  port  during  that  period.  These  whisperings 
have  become  facts,  for  the  foreign  consuls  here  have  taken  up  the 
matter  and  already  several  nations  have  promised  their  vessels. 
With  the  prospect  of  the  big  Pacific  fleet  here  at  the  time,  there  will 


THE    PORTOLA    FESTIVAL 


677 


probably  be  the  biggest  naval  demonstration  ever  made  on  either 

the  Atlantic  or  Pacific  Coast.  ,u-   ^e 

On  May  22nd  came  good  news  from  Washington ;  two  big  thmgs 

had  been  accomplished  by  C.  C.  Moore,  the  ^om-^-^^^,  if^^^f^ 
to  represent  the  Portola  Festival  in  the  East  and  abroad.  First  of 
all  he  had  been  assured  that  the  Navy  Department  would  give 
immediate  orders  for  a  change  in  the  plans  of  the  Pacific  fleet  so 
Ihat  the  vessels  might  be  in  San  Francisco  for  the  ^estiva  ^  seco^^^^^^^ 
he  had  induced  the  United  States  Government  to  invite  all  the  Great 
Powers  to  send  warships  to  represent  them.  Not  -ly/^e  navy  bu 
every  department  of  the  Federal  government  is  lending  its  eflforts 
in  support  of  San  Francisco's  great  carnival.     The  Department  of 


— Fholo   by  Marsh-Girvin  Co. 
Fourth   and   Market   Streets 
Commerce  and  Labor  will  send  as  many  of  the  lighthouse  and  fish 
commiLion  boats  as  possible,  and  the  Treasury  Department  as  many 
revenue  cutters  as  can  be  spared. 

Secretary  of  State  Knox  has  given  C.  C.  Moore  letters  to  the 
Amerkan  diplomatic  representatives  at  Paris,  London  Madr.d  and 
R^me  thus  giving  the  San  Francisco  representative  a  favorable  op- 
porTu;i ty  to'get  in  touch  with  officials  of  these  governments.  It  .s 
Aereforl  very  apparent  that  our  commissioners  are  havmg  a  splendrd 
success  both  in  Z  East  and  abroad.  The  heartiness  w,th  wh.ch  the 
Jole  country  is  entering  into  the  plans  for  the  festival  is  as  grati- 
7vinl  as  t  was  unexpecfed.  It  was  the  thought  of  the  originator 
of  the  plan  to  provide  for  a  cheerful  festival  for  the  pleasure  of  our 


THE    PORTOLA    FESTIVAL  679 

own  city  and  State.  The  Nation  has  seized  upon  the  idea,  and  is 
spontaneously  undertaking  to  make  the  occasion  a  great  international 
celebration  of  the  rising  of  a  city  from  its  ashes. 

If  the  world  is  coming  to  congratulate  us,  the  world  will  be  our 
guests  and  we  must  prepare  for  the  appropriate  rites  of  hospitality. 
Never  before  have  we  had  the  opportunity  to  entertain  at  one  time 
official  representatives  of  perhaps  twenty  nations,  including  all  the 
great  powers  of  the  world,  assembled  to  congratulate  the  people  of 
this  city  and  State  on  our  speedy  rehabilitation  from  one  of  the 
greatest  disasters  which  history  records.  It  will  be  an  epoch  in  the 
history  of  our  City.  Happily  we  who  know  San  Francisco  have  no 
fear  that  its  people  will  not  rise  to  the  occasion. 

In  the  meantime,  while  our  envoys  extraordinary  are  working 
hard  in  the  East  and  Europe',  the  Committees  are  toiling  even  harder 
at  home.  Not  so  very  long  ago  one  of  the  best  and  most  distinctive 
ideas  yet  propounded  was  hit  upon  for  the  Portola  Festival.  It  was 
a  plan  to  bring  all  the  big  hotel-men  of  America  and  Europe  to  San 
Francisco  in  a  special  train  designed  and  conducted  exactly  like  a 
hotel  itself.  James  Woods  of  the  St.  Francis  Hotel  conceived  the 
idea  and  he  felt  that  if  he  could  but  ally  with  him  some  of  the  big 
hotel-men  of  New  York,  his  rrioving  hostelry  would  be  a  success. 
Mr.  Woods  went  east  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  he  has  succeeded 
beyond  his  most  earnest  expectations. 

What  it  is  most  desired  to  bring  out  in  this  article  is  the  fact  that 
the  Portola  Executive  Committee  is  devoting  all  its  attention  and 
energies  to  forming  and  carrying  out  new  ideas,  that  may  give  our 
coming  visitors  pleasure  and  at  the  same  time  ennoble  and  benefit 
our  City.  That  their  eflForts  have  been  appreciated  by  the  American 
Government  has  been  more  than  proven,  and  that  they  have  the 
admiration  of  the  world  for  their  splendidly  conceived  ideas,  no  one 
can  deny.  The  wheels  are  well  oiled  and  are  noW  running  smoothly. 
The  energetic  Executive  Committee  is  not  stopping  at  the  size  of 
things,  as  is  shown  by  the  acceptance  of  the  invitation  by  President 
Taft  to  open  the  festivities  on  October  19th,  and  if  Special  Com- 
missioner Woods  has  his  way,  he  will  gain  the  acceptance  of  the 
President  to  attach  his  private  car  to  the  perfectly  appointed  hotel 
on  wheels,  when  this  famous  train  comes  out. 

Each  day  brings  fresh  cablegrams  from  Europe  telling  of  the 
notable  success  of  the  envoys  with  the  great  ones  of  the  Old  World, 
who  are  showing  as  great  an  interest  as  our  Eastern  brothers. 
One  thing  is  sure — the  world  has  seen  great  expositions  from  time 
to  time,  but  the  Portola  Festival  will  excel  in  beauty  and  grandeur 
any  of  the  world's  offerings  of  modern  times. 


Entrance  to  Hotel  Argonaut 


Hotel  St.  Francis 


In  the   New   Chinatown 


690 

SAK  FRANCISCO  AS  A  CONVENTION  CITY 

By  CHAS.  E.  NAY  LOR. 

T  is  now  proposed  to  erect  in  San  Francisco  the  ideal 
Auditorium  of  America,  with  a  total  seating  capacity 
of  17,350. 

Located  on  the  eastern  shores  of  the  Pacific  ocean 
this  most  westerly  metropolis  of  the  United  States, 
with  its  half  million  people  residing  within  its  immediate  boundaries 
and  another  half  million  in  surrounding  suburbs,  rising  from  its 
ashes  of  three  years  ago,  exhibits  at  the  present  time  the  most  pro- 
gressive and  ambitious  spirit  that  has  ever  possessed  its  citizens. 
These  citizens  have  fully  awakened  to  the  belief  that  San  Francisco 
is  a  city  of  destiny,  which  cannot  be  permanently  destroyed  by  fire 
or  any  other  element. 

The  marvelous  growth  in  their  midst  of  hundreds  of  the  most 
modern,  fire-proof  sky-reaching  and  other  substantial  buildings  has 
astonished  even  themselves  and  really  opened  their  eyes  to  their  own 
possibilities. 

The  untiring  activity  of  their  numerous  and  aggressive  commer- 
cial bodies,  improvement  associations,  and  that  great  California  ad- 
vertiser and  booster,  the  California  Promotion  Committee,  just  keeps 
everybody  on  the  jump  and  stirs  things  from  the  bottom  up  all  the 
time.  The  new  annual  festival-carnival  to  celebrate  Portola's  dis- 
covery of  San  Francisco  Bay  October  19th  to  23rd,  the  world  al- 
ready knows  about. 

Now  there  is  a  special  committee  of  leading  citizens  out  looking 
for  conventions  which  it  is  hoped  to  secure,  while  a  strong,  well- 
organized  and  active  movement  is  on  foot  for  the  early  erection  of 
the  greatest  of  all  Auditoriums  in  which  to  entertain  these  conven- 
tions. 

This  is  to  be  one. of  the  new  features  of  the  new  city;  for  San 
Francisco  has  never  had  a  really  satisfactory  building  in  which  to 
house  conventions  or  other  large  assemblies. 

Taking  their  cue  from  Kansas  City,  the  citizens  have  organized 
and  incorporated  the  San  Francisco  Auditorium  Association,  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000,  divided  into  50,000  ten-dollar  shares  and  are 
just  ready  to  throw  these  shares  open  to  popular  subscription. 

It  is  believed  that  the  public-spirited  people  who  have  already 
done  so  much  to  create  a  beautiful  modern  city  will  not  be  satisfied 
until  they  have  a  suitable  place  in  which  every  function  that  legiti- 
mately makes  for  pleasure,  profit  or  charity,  may  have  a  home ;  and 
that  they  will  quickly  emulate  the  example  of  the  sister  city  and 
subscribe  the  necessary  funds  to  pay  for  this  projected  building. 

The  location  selected  is  the  best  in  the  city,  being  in  the  very  cen- 


CHA5i .  mVLOR      A  J.CA>eM  ANY 


f\TTi    AT  _i-A.\A/  c5? 
PROMa 


Jo^EOH.F.FoRDEFE 


THE    AUDITORIUM     PROJECT. 

Wlicilit-r  or  not  S«ii  i'rniuisoo  «^ 
cuii-s  a  uroot  iJiiWic  niidiiorliiiii  mi<1 
(-..iirfTl  liiill  (■omiiionnMiiite  with  tlio 
<ii.vs  iiii|iorr.inct>  dfix-nds  ui«in  tlie  rn-j 
s|.iiii«'  of  flif  imblio  to  llu-  retnicKt  for 
>lilwtri|)liou>i  to  the  8tiKk  of  tlio  Siiu 
Friiiu-is<i<  Aiiilitorlum  Asswintioii.  a 
(•oilHinitlon  orKanlzptl  for  that  ihii-iiosp! 
ail.!  i-ajTUHlixfU  at  »r.(lO.(XK).  TIm>  i>ar' 
Viilin\-i.f  llio  »to<k  lins'  lioon  phioMj  «t 
»lii  y  sLarc  for  tlif  luirjiosc  of  prociir-, 
iiica  popiilur  suliKcrlpllon.  rayiiwmx' 
(III  till-  !:iil>srri|itioD)>  may  Im>  made 
i-itlior  111  a  liiiiij>  siiui,  uiMiii  dciuand, 
<.r  in  iiKiiiIlily  liwtallmiiils  (not  excwd- 
liii:  ton)  as  rallfHl,  comiiiHioiiig  hs 
soon  an  sul>sorli»tloiis  niiioniitlnn  to 
JKKXOCHi  have  tnVH  ■xH-uriHl.  subscribers 
TO  iMTivf.  nt  their  option,  shares  of  th<? 
capital  stock,  either  preferred  or  ciuii- 
inoii.  of  the  Saii  FranoiRoo  Aiiditoriniii 
Associntloii.  liic«rpoiate<l,  or  constnu- 
tioii  certifualeB  exiliniigenble  wltliin 
one  year  for  stink  of  said  as«o<iution. 


_-  ..  .  ipt  for  svioli  payment  ns  a  oou 
trlbuiluu,  Relwtlon  of  thtse  oplioiis  to 
be  made  at  the  time  the  flr.it  uioney  Is 
Jjold.       " 

.  The  propofie<l  auditorium  will  be  of 
Cluw  A  construction.  2To  by  220  feet, 
Stu\  will.  It  i«  estimated,  cost  $400,000. 
It  will  lie  erected  on  the  old  Mechahics 
Pavilion  site,  on  wWch  the  corporatfon 
hcdds  a  flfty-yoar  lease  on  favorable 
terms.  In  design  the  Kansas  City  Con- 
vention  Ilall  will  be  followed,  but  a 
uniiiber  of  new  and  altructive  fealui«'» 
will  be  introduced. 

The  directors  of  the  enten>ri8«!  arc 
liieu  well  known  in  San  Fram-isco  busi- 
ness circles,  and  tUeIr  staiidliig  in  the 
community  may  be  taken  as  an  Indlm- 
tloU  thai  the  cuterprise  will  be  con- 
Bervaflvely  and  succesafidly  inaimKcil, 
The  directors'are:  Joseph  F.  Fordcrcr, 
prestileut  Forderer  Cornice  "Works; 
Will  I..  Greeivebauni.  iiii^^ireswrio  aji^ 
theatrical  manager ;  A.  J.  Cariuttny. 
niiuvager  Title  Insurance  and  (JuaTauty 
Co  :  Frank  P.  Siieldon  (.Miiik  8lM-ldc,i» 
Co.*.  capitalist;  Johu  D.  Wlisou.  p— 
piictor    Hotel    El   Driaco;    Samuel 


lud^r  ail 
they  are  eiititlml  to  that  uiiaiiinuty  of 
support  In- the  shape  of  au  ovei-sub- 
»'rlptlon  to  the  funrtu  of  this  projei-t 
tliul  their  falthfol  ami  elflcleiit  service 
merlta. 

The  «udltorluin  project  haa  rei'elveil. 
the  unilUalifled  ciulorsemeiit  of  the 
I'liamber  of  Commerce  of  Sail  Frnu- 
dsco.  the  Mer«)ianti>*  Association,  the 
Saii'Francisco  Real  Estate  Board,  the 
Mcic'hants'  Exchon(te,  the  .VssociatecV 
Suviu)ts  Banks  at  Sun  Fiauci.-M-o.  »nA 
.llic  Hotel  Men's  Asswlatlon,  aixl 
sliouM  receive  the  substantial  supixn-t 
of  all  persons  who  believe  In  a  projre* 
sive.  up-to-date  San  Francisco.  ^ 

:  The  obvious  neowwity  for  an  auditor- 
liiiii  suitable  for  conveiitiona  of  «  na- 
tional cliBfUcter.  aa  Well  as  for  lante 
.  l(«-al  sntherlngs,  must  l)c  njiparent. 
San  Francis<'0  at  this  time  kOs  U"  siicb 
buHdlng  In  a  conveniently  acw-ulble 
l(H.-itl<%  and  so  canpot,  wItB  reason- 
able, hope  of  BUOcess,  I/ivlte  the  great 
national  conventions  to  meet  here. 
With  such  a  buildlne  t^f'  oitj-  could  se- 
r'ure  the  great  ijatberlnga  -that  now 
ihere. 


jitruci 
peitpl 
atroyi 

000  ! 
'three 

with 
enouj 
toriu 
a  m* 
oi 
hibltl 
the 
be  a 
call 
evlde 
woric 
pan 
^r  tl 
•eo'tt 
ateiii 
enfl| 

mint 
atru 

wiir 

or  si 
bolli 
en  Kl 

01  ty. 

DOPQ 


W/LL.L,6REtrN- 


F.KIT  r/6aT-e.//^ 


692  OUT    WEST 

ter  of  the  natural  civic  center,  directly  across  the  street  from  the 
City  Hall,  and  on  the  block  occupied  for  twenty  years  by  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  PaviUon,  a  wooden  building  of  immense  propor- 
tions in  which  many  national  conventions  and  hundreds  of  other 
popular  affairs  were  held  right  down  to  the  date  of  its  destruction 
by  fire.     The  street-car  service  is  probably  the  best  in  the  city. 

A  fifty-year  lease  has  been  secured  on  the  land,  and  the  building 
contemplated  is  to  be  a  modern,  class  A  structure,  (steel  and  con- 
crete) and  of  such  shape  and  dimensions  that  it  will  accommodate 
the  large  audiences  that  will  assemble  within  its  walls  in  the  most 
satisfactory  manner.  It  will  be  so  arranged  that  in  addition  to 
national  conventions  and  similar  assemblies,  it  will  be  possible  to 
stage  the  largest  spectacular  dramas  and  operas  so  that  these  may 
be  witnessed  by  the  masses  at  popular  prices. 

While  San  Francisco  is  still  in  need  of  a  City  Hall  and  other  civic 
improvements,  all  of  which  will  in  due  time  be  provided  through 
municipal  bond  issues,  there  is  nothing  that  is  really  so  urgent  for 
the  advantage  of  the  commercial  and  social  life  of  the  city  at  the 
present  time  as  the  early  acquisition  of  a  great  Auditorium. 

No  modern  large  city  can  properly  aspire  to  be  "a  convention 
city,"  which  is  one  of  the  most  laudable  ambitions  that  San  Fran- 
ciscans are  charged  with,  unless  it  has  a  suitable  hall  to  house  con- 
ventions when  they  do  come. 

The  plan  of  the  San  Francisco  Auditorium  Association  above 
outlined  is  strongly  advocated  by  the  press  of  the  city  in  leading 
editorials,  and  has  received  the  unqualified  endorsement  of  the 
Associated  Savings  Banks,  the  Real  Estate  Board,  the  Merchants' 
Association,  an  organization  composed  of  over  1200  merchants  and 
others,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  Hotel  Men's  Association,  the 
Merchants*  Exchange  and  many  others,  which  shows  how  unani' 
mous  the  people  are  in  their  support  of  the  project. 

It  is  anticipated  that  the  banks,  hotels,  transportation  and  transfer 
companies,  the  restaurants,  automobile  agencies,  livery  stables,  and 
others  directly  benefited  by  the  coming  of  visitors  in  large  numbers 
will  subscribe  liberally  in  aid  of  the  enterprise,  and  that  in  a  few 
mQnths  the  corner  stone  of  "the  ideal  Auditorium  of  America"  will 
be  laid  in  San  Francisco  by  the  Sea. 


Dormitory  and  Garden — Cumnock  School 

Cumnock  School 

Boarding  and   Day  School    for  Girls 
Sixteenth  Year  Opens  September  23 

Certificate    Admits    to     College 

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PREPARATORY— 

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EXPRESSION  COURSE  — 

For  general  culture  or  teaching — embracing  Oral  and  Writ- 
ten Expression,  Literature,  Dramatics,  Voice  and  Physical 
Training.     Private  lessons  given  all  pupils. 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING  COURSE— 

Normal  course  for  training  teachers  and  playground  work- 
ers.    Special  faculty  and  advantages. 

ELECTIVE  COURSES— 

Arranged  in  any  department. 

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LOS  ANGELES.  CALIFORNIA 


CAIilFORNIA   LANDS 


EUCALYPTUS  land  for  sale.  We  plant  it  to 
trees  and  care  for  it.  We  provide  a  market  for 
the  crop  and  insure  highest  price  for  commercial 
timber.  Terms  are  cash  or  monthly  instalments, 
as  you  prefer.  A  savings  bank  investment.  No 
risk,  no  worry,  no  work,  absolutely  safe  and 
the  most  profitable  crop  grown.  For  booklet 
and  particulars  address  Eucalyptus  Timber  Cor- 
poration, 358  So.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

IRRIGATED  FARM  LANDS  in  Fresno  and 
Merced  Counties,  California — Sold  in  tracts  of 
five  acres  and  up.  A  postal  card  will  bring 
you  particulars  regarding  the  finest  lands  in 
California.  Address  Miller  &  Lux,  Los  Banos, 
Merced  County,  Cal. 

FOR  EUCALYPTUS  lands,  investments  and 
particulars  address  us.  Ask  for  our  Story  of 
Eucalyptus,  just  off  the  press.  It  will  tell  you 
all  the  facts  of  this  wonderful  hardwood.  Ad- 
dress Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co.,  211  Mercantile 
Place,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

ORANGE  LAND  $3  PER  ACRE  MONTHLY  in 
Southern  California's  sunniest  climate.  Your  first 
opportunity  to  purchase  a  small  piece  of  choice 
frostless  fruit  land  in  beautiful  El  Cajon  Valley 
on  long-time  terms.  Near  schools.  A  good  living 
in  five  acres.  Special  introductory  prices.  Write 
for  illustrated  booklet.  J.  Frank  Cullen,  San 
Diego,  California. 

HEMET—HEMET—HEMET— SOUTHERN  CAL- 
IFORNIA— Investigate  this  valley.  It  will  pay 
big  dividends  in  health  and  prosperity.  Most 
perfect  conditions;  water,  soil  and  climate  can- 
not be  equaled;  population  right  sort;  town 
high-class,  modern  and  up-to-date;  orange, 
walnut,  olives  and  deciduous  fruit  lands,  im- 
proved and  unimproved.  Address  Valley  Realty 
Co.,  Hemet,  Cal.,  or  Los  Angeles  office,  553  So, 
Spring  street. 

SUNNYVALE  ACRES — Beautiful  acre  and  half 
acre  lots.  Rich  sediment  soil.  Artesian  water. 
Will  grow  berries  of  all  kinds,  garden  truck,  al- 
falfa, apples,  pears,  cherries,  peaches,  apricots 
and  prunes.  1  acre  will  support  you.  14  mile 
from  depot.  Price  from  $200  up.  $50  cash  and 
$10  a  month.  Write  for  catalogue.  Sunnyvale 
Land  Co.,  Sunnyvale,  Calif. 

MEXICAN    LANDS 

MEXICO,  State  of  Sinaloa — Two  days  from  Los 
Angeles.  Fine  climate,  fertile  soil.  100  to 
2,000,000  acres  of  fine  coast  and  foothill  lands. 
Rich  soil.  Hardwood  timber,  farming,  fruit  and 
mineral  lands.     Worlds   of  water.     Prices   $2   an 


acre  up.  For  literature  and  particulars  address 
The  West  Mexico  Co.,  529-531  Byrne  Bldg.,  Los 
Angeles,   Cal. 

TBPIC,  MEXICO.  On  the  West  Coast.  Shares 
are  being  offered  in  a  producing  plantation,  op- 
erated on  modern  American  methods.  Growing 
corn,  tobacco,  garvanza,  rubber,  bananas,  pine- 
apples, hardwood  and  cattle.  300  per  cent  profit 
in  five  years.  Share  in  the  profits.  $5  per  share, 
fully  secured.  Best  of  reference.  Full  informa- 
tion on  request.  M.  P.  Wright  &  Co.,  Delta 
Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

MEXICAN  TROPICAL  LAND  CO.,  209-210 
Union  Trust  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  are  offering 
the  subdivided  Playa  Vicente  Plantation,  State 
of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  in  20  acre  tracts  at  $10  per 
acre  on  easy  payments.  A  substantial  invest- 
ment.    Address   for  booklet   as   above. 

SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEGES 

LOS  ANGELES  BUSINESS  COLLEGE— One 
management  20  years.  All  preparatory,  com- 
mercial and  academic  subjects.  Also  private 
tutors.  Learn  the  Schrader  way.  Get  new  lit- 
erature.    417  West  Fifth  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

ISAACS-WOODBURY  BUSINESS  COLLEGE, 
Fifth  Floor  Hamburger  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles. 
Open  entire  year.  Thorough  courses.  Positions 
secured.  Write  for  catalogue.  E.  K.  Isaacs, 
President. 

HEALD'S  BUSINESS  COLLEGE,  614  South 
Grand  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Thoroughly  pre- 
pares young  people  for  business.  Positions 
secured.     Full  particulars  free  on  application. 

BROWNSBERGER  COMMERCIAL  COLLEGE, 
953-5-7  West  Seventh  Street,  Los  Angeles.  Ele- 
gant home,  broad  courses.  Strong  Faculty. 
Graduates  assisted.     Beautiful  catalog  free. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

JUDSON  FREIGHT  FORWARDING  CO.— Re- 
duced rates  on  household  goods  to  and  from  all 
points  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  443  Marquette  Bldg., 
Chicago;  1501  Wright  Bldg.,  St.  Louis;  736  Old 
South  Bldg.,  Boston;  206  Pacific  Bldg.,  San  Fran- 
cisco; 200  Central  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles. 

STIKPATCH  mends  stockings  without  darn- 
ing. Washes  and  wears  better  than  darning. 
Buy  of  your  dealer  or  send  ten  cents  to  us  for 
package  of  20  patches  postpaid.  -Agents  wanted. 
Leland  Co.,  Box  376,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


$1.00  Mexican  Palm  Hat  50< 

For  Men,  Women  and  Children — 
All  Sizes 

Greatest  hat  bargain  of  the  season . 

Over  60,000  sold  and  not  one  dissat-  , 

tsfied   buyer.       Guaranteed   genuint  I 

Mexican  hand-woven  from  palm  fibre 

— colored   design   brim.       Retails   at 

$  1 .00.     To  introduce  our  Mexican  and  Indian  l~iandicraft,  we  send 

postpaid  for  onlv  50  cents.     Three  for  $  1 .25. 


$1^ 

m 


Genuine  Panama  Hat  $1.00 

Imported  Direct 

An  exceptional  introductory  bargain. 
Differs  only  from  a  $10  00  Panama 
at  in  being  coarser  weave.  Weight 
2  ounces,  flexible  and  very  durable. 
All  sizes.  Mailed  prepaid  for  $  1 .00; 
two  for  $1.88.  Money  back  if  unsatis- 
factory. Catalog  of  Mexican  and 
Panama  Hats  Free 
FRANCIS   £.   LESTER  CO.,  Dept.  FM6  Mesilla  Park,  New  Mexico. 


Get 

J^^ 

Our 

■jBBIi:.; 

New 

1^^ 

Booklet 

A  Story  of 

Eucalyptus 

K:S:-f^  • 

■■p^|||^  ■     ' 

Just  off  the  press.  Alive 

WP'  W'%^*"*' 

with    facts    about    this 

m^^^'  '•      "^^  •*■ 

wonderful  new  indus- 

Bt^y^^f \ '" 

try.       Investigate   now. 

^^^■MS't^lS^iSI 

A  small  payment  down 

^^^^nt^wlHl 

and      small     payments 

..«-iGHfl^^H 

monthly  will     mean  a 

perpetual  income  a  little 

1*  -^-y.^' 
1 

later^on. 

1  Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co. 

1       211  Mercantile  Place 

1^^^ 

'          Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Maier  Brewing  Company's 

**Select"  Beer 


TSJOTED 

-'•^    Purity 


for  its  Age, 
and  Strength. 
AD  shipments  by  bottles  or 
kegs  promptly  filled.  Family 
trade  a  specialty.      ::     ::     :: 


;  OFFICE  AND  BREWERY  i 


440  Aliso  Street, 

BOTH  PHONES: 


Los  Angeles 

Exchange  91 


SAN  FERNANDO,  CAL 

The  Ideal  Spot  for  a  Home   / 
The  Finest   Citrus    Fruits  in   the   World 

Are  grown  in  the    San   Fernando  Valley.    250,000 
acres  of  the  most  fertilp  soil  in  Southern  California, 
on  which  is  grown   every  product  of  the  soil. 

For  detailed  information  of  the  opportunities  offered, 
write  to  any  of  the  following: 

R.  P.  Waite              Markham  &  Short           Stewart  Fruit  Co. 
Van  Winkle  Bros.     John  T.  Wilson                Henry  HoUye 
Mrs.  F.  L.  Boruff      F.  A.  Powell                   S.  N.Lopcz&Co. 

/f^n^^^Mri'''~9^^K^^B^ 

^^m'-     dk-i^^is,^ 

k^a 

*M 

GEORGE  JR.  SCHOOL 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  18,  1909. 
The  Mathie  Brewing  Company, 

1834-1858  East  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Gentlemen: 

For  several  years  I  tried  different  doctors  and  medi- 
cines for  indigestion,  sleeplessness  and  nervousness,  but 
to  no  avail.  My  father  asked  me  to  try  MATHIE'S 
MALT  TONIC,  and  after  using  it  for  some  time  I  felt 
much  better  and  my  general  health  was  much  improved, 
and  I  still  continue  to  use  it. 

Yours  gratefully, 

PEARL  ALDERETE. 


MATMIE    MALT    TONIC 


$1.50  Per  Dozen 


Delivered 


The  Mathie  Brewing  Co,        Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Home  Phone  Ex.  942        Sunset  Phone  East  66 


Designing 
Engraving 
Printing 


S' 


Estimates 
Promptly 
Furnished 


WE  PRINT  THE  OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE 


e^^   e^^ 


(INC.) 


Commercial,  Book   and   Catalogue 


Printing  and  Binding 


837  So.  Spring  Street,    jLos  A.n^eles 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &   Co.,  116-118  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


Playa  Vicente  Plantations 

State  of  Vera  Cruz 

MEXICO 

Produce  Four  Crops  Yearly 
Soil  is  Always  Producing 

fertile -Healthy -Accessible 

In  a  few  years  Mexico  will  be 
supplying  the  United  States 
with  the  bulk  of  the  products  of 
the  soil  which  we  consume.  The 
United  States  is  becoming  more 
densely  populated  each  year. 
The  productive  acres  are  being 
cut  up.  The  demand  is  getting 
greater — the  supply  less.  The 
tide  is  turning  to  Mexico.  The 
big  transportation  companies 
realize  this  and  are  rushing 
lines  there. 

In  the  Western  United  States 
and  Canada  all  producing 
lands  have  been  taken  up 
at  their  original  low  cost  and 
today  bring  their  full  high 
values.  Colonization  has  but 
A  rocofiniit  I'nini  recently     started     on     a     large 

scale  in  Mexico.  With  governmental  encouragement  large  tracts  of  the  cream  of 
the  Mexican  Republic  have  been  taken  over  by  operating  companies  who  agree  to 
colonize  them  by  marketing  in  small  tracts  to  prospective  settlers.  As  the  lands 
pass  from  the  companies,  prices  advance  and  it  will  be  but  a  short  time  until  $10 
land  will  be  changing  hands  at  $100  to  $250  per  acre.  It  was  the  same  in  the  South- 
west, the  Northwest  and  Canada.  Our  experts  after  considering  available  agricul- 
tural land  all  over  Mexico,  selected  the  Playa  Vicente  Plantation,  located  in  the  most 
productive  section  of  the  most  fertile  region  of  Mexico. 

Climate: — Equable,  average  75  degrees  past  ten  years.  Rainfall: — About  100 
inches.  Altitude: — About  500  feet,  no  swamp  or  marsh  land.  Soil: — Produces  four 
crops  per  year,  reaching  maturity  with  great  rapidity  and  produces,  among  the 
products  best  known  in  the  United  States:  Corn,  bananas,  tobacco,  chocolate,  or- 
anges, lemons,  limes,  pineapples,  rubber,  sugar,  rice,  coffee,  cocoanuts,  vanilla,  cotton, 
grape  fruit,  grapes,  figs,  nectarines,  mangoes,  olives,  almonds,  walnuts,  apricots, 
prunes,  pears,  dates,  kaffir  corn,  rye,  barley,  beans,  peas,  pumpkins,  melons,  beets, 
onions  and  berries.    Also  a  great  variety  of  timber. 

*^f\  A/^DPC  of  this  land,  when  cultivated,  will  produce  wealth  and  inde- 
<^vF  /\v^IxILi3  pendence  outside  of  increase  in  land.  We  have  cut  the  Playa 
Vicente  Plantation  into  20-acre  tracts  which  surround  our  townsite  on  the  Xochiapa 
River. 

are  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  land 
as  improved  land  in  the  same  district,  of  the  same 
character,  is  selling  at  $100  and  up  per  acre.  Starting,  we  are  going  to  ofifer  a 
limited  number  of  these  20-acre  tracts  at  $10  per  acre — $200  for  a  20-acre  tropical 
plantation  which  will  make  the  buyer  independent — on  terms  of  $20  as  first  pajonent 
and  $10  per  month  until  paid  for,  when  a  deed  will  also  be  given  for  a  lot  in  the 
townsite. 

DJ.     PI       1  but  write  at  once  for  our  free,  illustrated  book  which  tells 

O  »*    t     L^  e  1  a.  y    all  about  the  land  and  answers  all  questions.     Address 


PRICE  and  TERMS 


209-10  Union  Trust  Boilding, 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


The  Mexican  Tropical  Land  Co. 

NOTE:-Send  a  first  payment  ($20)  in  order  to  secure  an  early  allotment  with  the  assurance  that  we  will  return 
it'if  our  book  and  detail  description  do  not  prove  it  satisfactory.     Make  checks  or  drafts  to  the  Company. 

The  men  behind  this  projeC  are  of  the  highest  character  and  will  furnish  any  reference  desired. 


ELK  SPECIALS 

ASSORTED  WINES 

Send  a  couple  of  cases  of  pure  California  wines  to  your  friends 
in  the  East  or  the  folks  at  home.  Germain  wines  are  abso- 
lutely guaranteed  pure.  We  pack  free  of  charge  and  deliver 
freight  prepaid  to  any  point  in  the  United  States  any  of 
the  following  specials: 


SPECIAL  NO.  1 

Two    cases    or    8-year-ola    assorted    California 
wines.     Every  arop  pure  and 
■vvnolesoine.     Freignt  includea 
to  any  point  East.      Only    . 


ortea    Vjaiirornia 

$10.00 


SPECIAL  NO.  2 

1 -wo  cases  or  our  10-year-ola  assorted  Califor- 
nia   •wines.        Boxed    free 
and  freight  prepaid  to  any 
part  of  tne   East   for    only 


cissuricu  vjaiiior— 

$12.00 


SPECIAL   NO.    3 


Two  cases  of  our  15-year-old  California  assorted  wines. 
Made    from    old  private     stock. 
Boxed  free  and    freight    prepaid 
to  any  part  of  tne  East.     Only... 


irnia  assorxca  wines. 

$15.00 


SPECIAL    NO.    4 
Gold  Medal  Wines 

Two  cases  of  tne  famous  gola  medal 
wines.  So  perfect  in  flavor  ana  maturity 
as  to  receive  the  highest  honors  at  all  the 
international  expositions  in  recent  years. 
None  less  than  20 
years  old.  Freight 
prepaid,  only  .... 


ons  in  recent  years. 

$25.00 


63S  SxmZh  TTUUn  St. 

t10ME-EX-9l9  3UN3ET  MAIN  919 

LOS    ANGELES,    CALIPORNIA 

■  UVlin    TIlCATDIPkl     Pni  n    PDCAM    presents  .arly  wrmkles.    It  is  not  a  f reckle  coatiufir ;  It  re 
HnilU  'I  nCHI  nluRL   UULU    UnLnlTI    moTestbem.    AN YVO  CO.. 427  North  Main  St.,  Luci  AnrelM 


THOMAS  AA-LAN  BOX 


B.  R.  SESABROOK 


Great  Enthusiasm  Among  Santa  Fe  Officials  and  Men 


THE  SEABRUUK-BOX  DIFFERENTIAL.  RAILWAY  AXL.E  COUPLER  has  been 
placed  In  actual  service  on  Santa  Fe  Oil  Car  No.  96307,  and  has  been  doing  regular 
work  since  March  12th.  The  car  has  been  used  on  the  run  between  the  Olinda  Oil 
Fields  and  Vlctorvllle,  which  is  the  other  side  of  the  Cajon  Pass.  This  gives  the  car 
the  hardest  possible  service.  It  has  made  one  trip  into  Los  Angeles,  where  a  large 
number  of  people  witnessed  a  very  severe  demonstration. 

The  service  of  this  car  demonstrates  fully  that  the  SEABROOK-BOX  DIFFEREN- 
TIAL. RAILWAY  AXLES  are  50  per  cent  stronger  than  the  rigid  axles. 
It    Is    pressed    together    in    the    same    way       It  adds  to  the  life  of  the  wheels   200  per 


that  the  wheels  are  pressed  on  the  axle. 
There    are     no     bolts,     screws,     rivets    or 

flanges  employed  in  this  axle  coupler. 
There  are  absolutely  no  loose  parts  except 

the  journal   movement  which   is  perfect. 
It   meets   with   the   M.   C.   B.   standards   In 

every  detail. 
It  does  not  in  any  way  Interfere  with  the 

vested  interests. 
It   is  interchangeable. 
It  is  more  efficient  in  every  way  than  the 

rigid  axle. 
It   adds    to    the   life    of   the   axle   at   least 

100  per  cent. 
It  adds  to  the  life  of  the  rails  on  curves 


cent. 

It  enables  a  locomotive  to  haul  from  25  to 
35  per  cent  greater  tonnage  without  the 
expenditure  of  any  additional  fuel  or 
labor. 

It  never  has  to   be  inspected. 

It  does  away  with  75  per  cent  of  the  flange 
wear. 

It  never  has  to  be  lubricated,  as  this  Is 
accomplished  at  the  time  of  its  con- 
struction by  the  use  of  graphite  and 
will  last  the  entire  life  of  the  axle. 

It  is  endorsed  by  Railroad  Officials,  Su- 
perintendents of  Motive  Power,  Master 
Car  Builders  and  Master  Mechanics  all 
over  the  world. 


more  than   75   per  cent. 

All  of  the  above  statements  are  absolutely  confirmed  by  the  operation  of  the 
device,  now  on  the  car  in  actual  operation  on  the  Santa  Fe  railway.  We  are  now 
equipping  the  idle  axles  of  an  electric  car  for  the  San  Bernardino  Valley  Traction 
Company.  We  expect  to  begin  at  the  earliest  possible  date  to  equip  a  passenger  train, 
a  freight  train  and  a  locomotive. 

This  device  will  save  the  railroads  of  the  United  States  millions  of  dollars. 

Stock   is  selling  today  at   $1.00   per  share  and  may   advance  any  day   to   $2.00  per 

It  is  the  cofisensus  of  opinion  by  those  who  are  qualified  to  judge,  that  this  stock 
will  eventually  be  worth  from   $25.00  to   $100.00  per  share. 
For  further  information  address 

The  Western  Engineering  Company 

501-2-3  Herman  W.  Hellman  Bldg.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Bank    References:      Read    the    letter    of   endorsement    on    opposite    page. 
Coupon  and  mail  at  once. 


Cut    out 


Please 

send 

me 

furth 

er  Infoi 
Name. 

■niatiuu    in 

reference 

to 

the 

Differential 

Axle 

stock. 

Address.  . 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.     116-118  E.  Second. 


I^cdwood 
Gty 


Plant  of  The  Frank  Tanning:  Co..  Redwood  City,  Cal. 


THE  county  seat  of  San  Mateo  County.  One  of  the  oldest  towns 
in  California,  yet  one  of  the  newest  and  most  up-to-date. 
At  the  head  of  navigation  on  an  arm  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  and 
certain  to  become  an  important  manufacturing  center. 


For  full  particulars  address  arr^  of  the  following: 


Curran  Clark,  Real  Estate,  147  Main  St.,  Redwood, 
or,  Russ  Bids:.,  235  Montgomery  Street,  San 
Francisco. 

Redwood  City  Commercial  Bank. 


Redwood  City  Realty  Co.,  Inc.,  Redwood  City. 
Savings  &  Trust  Co.  of  San  Mateo  County. 
Redwood  City  Lumber  Co. 
Edw.  F.  Fitzpatrick,  Attorney-at-Law. 


Occanside 


The  Finest  Home  Site  and 

Pleasure  Resort  in  San 

Diejo  County 

THE   SAN   LUIS    REY 
VALLEY 

Which  is  tributary  to  Ocean- 
side,  is  a  large,  beautiful 
and  fertile  valley  watered 
by  the  San  Luis  Rey  river. 
Water  in  abundance  is  ob- 
tained  from    the    underflow  Rebuilding  Corridors  at  San  Luis  Rey  Mission 

of  the  river  by  means  of  wells  and  pumping  plants.  Large  and  small  tracts  can  be 
bought  at  reasonable  prices  The  land  is  adapted  for  fruits,  vegetables,  alfalfa,  dairying 
and  poultry  raising.  The  SanLuis  Rey  Mission  is  four  miles  from  Oceanside  in  the  val- 
ley and  was  founded  in  1798. 

Finest  quail  and  duck  shooting  in  America.     Auto  road  complete  from  Oceanside  to 
San  Diego.     Write  Board  of  Trade,  or  the  following: 


H.  T.  Blake,  Hotel 

Griffen  Hayes,  Livery 

Oceanside  Electric  &  Gas  Co. 

P.  J.  Brannen,  Hardware 

First  National  Bank  of  Oceanside 

Nicholls  &  Reid 

M.  N.  Casterline,  Lumber  and  Hardware 


Wm.  M.  Pickle,  Express  and  Drayagre 

John  Griffin,  Box  185 

Geo.  E.  Morris 

Chas.  G.  Borden  &  Co.,  Dry  Cioods  and  Shoes 

A.  Walker,  Boots  and  Shoes 

J.  M.  Jolley 

C.  S.  Libbey,  Vice-President  Bank  of  Oceanside 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."   116  E.  Second  St.    TeL  Main  509. 


mmmmmmmm 


ALASKA  -  YUKON  -  PACIFIC 

Exposition,  Seattle,  Wash. 


STOP-OVER  ANY  PLACE— GOOD  SIXTY 
DAYS 

Three  palatial  trains  daily  between  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Portland. 

The  Exposition 

Ts  complete  and  ready  to  welcome  you.  A  de- 
lightfully cool  trip  to  the  great  Pacific  North- 
west. 

Shasta  Route  Scenery  Rivals  the  World 

Mount  Shasta  in  sight  all  day.  You  cross  the 
tumbling,  picturesque  Sacramento  River  nine- 
teen times  in  as  many  miles. 

Correspondingly  low  rates  from  all  Califor- 
nia points. 

Ask  any  agent  for  particulars. 

Southern  Pacific 

600  South  Spring  Street,  Comer  Sixth 

-Arcade  Station.    5th   Street  and 
Central  Avenue 


5DUTHERN 
PACIFIC 


Yosemite 

-  All  Rail  All  the  Year 

I  To  the  Heart  of  the  Valley 

An  easy  and  comfortable  trip  to  Nature's  greatest  wonders. 
Pullman  sleeper  from  Los  Angeles  on  Mondays,  Wednes- 
days and   Fridays  at  5  p.  m.     "Owl"  train  through   without 
change  to  El  Portal  (the  Park  Line),  reaching  the  valley  at 
11:30  a.  m.  the  following  day,  a  saving  of  a  day  over  the  old 

schedule. 

Side  trips  at  low  rates.  Yo- 
semite to  Wawona  and  the 
wonderful 


"T  T  • 


ir 


ffldni^' 


Mariposa 
Big  Trees 

See  Special  Yosemite  Represen- 
tative at 

^-^      600  South  Spring  Street 
Corner  Sixth 

Southern  Pacific 


On.... 

The  Trail 


Grand 
Canyon 


OF  ARIZONA 

r^N  Bright  Angel  Trail 
^•^  trip  to  the  river  —  deep 
down  in  the  earth  a  mile  and 
more  — you  see  the  history  of 
the  birth  and  physical  devel- 
.  opment  of  this  earth  and  all 
glorified  by  a  rainbow  beauty 
of  color.  Trails  are  open 
the  year  round. 
Excursion  rates  during  summer 
^  Bear  in  mind  when  going 
East— The... 

Caliiotnia. 
Limited 

is  the  only  exclusively  first 
class  train  to  the  East  via  any 
line.     Our  folders  tell. 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE.  A.P.T.M. 
LOS  ANGELES 


Back  East 

Excursions 


Santa  Fe 


SALE  DATES 

Aug.  9  to  13,  inclusive. 

Sept.  7  to  10,  13  to  15,  inclusive. 

ROUND  TRIP   FARES    (Direct  Routes). 


Mineola,   Texas    60.00 

Minneapolis,   Minn 73.50 

Montreal,  Que 108.50 

New  Orleans,  La •.  . .  67.50 

New  York,  N.  Y 108.50 

Omaha,  Neb.  60.00 

Pacific  Junction,  la 60.00 

tPueblo,  Colo 55.00 

Philadelphia,  Pa 108.50 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 60.00 

St.  Louis,  Mo 67.50 

St.  Paul,  Minn 73.50 

107.50 


Atchison,  Kans $  60.00 

Baltimore,  Md 107.50 

Boston,  Mass ,  110.50 

Chicago,   111 72.50 

tCoIorado  Springs,  Colo 55.00 

Council  Bluffs,  la 60.00 

tDenver,  Colo 55.00 

Duluth,  Minn 79.50 

Houston,  Texas   60.00 

Kansas  City,  Mo 60.00 

Leavenworth,  Kans 60.00 

Memphis,  Tenn 67.50 

Washington,  D.  C. 

These  tickets  are  first  class  and  will  be  honored  on  the  California  Limited, 
the  only  train  between  Southern  California  and  Chicago  via  any  line  that  ac- 
commodates exclusively  first-class  travel.  All  others  carry  Tourist  Sleepers 
and  second-class  passengers. 

LIMITS 

Eastbound  trip  must  begin  on  date  stamped  on  back  of  tickets  and  passen- 
gers must  be  at  destination  within  ten  days  from  that  date.  Tickets  will  be 
good  for  return  within  ninety  days,  but  in  no  case  later  than  October  31. 

tTickets  to  Colorado  Springs.  Denver  and  Pueblo  will  be  sold  at  these 
special  rates  only  on  July  1  to  6;  Aug.  9  to  14. 

Stopovers 

East-bound,  stopovers  will  be  permitted  at  any  point  east  of  the  California 
state  line  and  at  or  west  of  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Memphis  or  New  Orleans, 
within   10  days  from  date  of  sale. 

West-bound,  stopovers  will  be  permitted  within  final  limit  at  Chicago,  St. 
Louis,  Memphis  or  New  Orleans,  or  any  point  west  thereof. 


Drop  me  post  card  for  folders. 


J.  J.  BYRNE,  A.P.T.M.,  Los  Angeles 


Francisc 


returning 


Visit  Yellowstone 
Park  En  Route 

Side  trip  from  Salt  Lake  City  costs 
only  $45.00  for  a  four  days'  tour 
of  the  Park,  seeing  all  important 
points  of  interest,  and  includes  ho- 
tel accommodations. 

A  Through  Sleeper  from 
Yellowstone  to  Portland 

Is  now  operated,  avoiding  the  for- 
mer change  and  lay-over  at  Poca- 
tello.  Get  an  illustrated  booklet 
at  601  South  Spring  street,  Los 
Angeles,  or  other  Salt  Lake  Route 
offices  anywhere  about  this 


The  Value 
of  Personal  Knowledge 


Personal  knowledge  is  the  winning  factor  in  the  culminating 
contests  of  this  competitive  age  and  when  of  ample  character  it 
places  its  fortunate  possessor  in  the  front  ranks  of 

The  W^ell  Informed  of  the  \Vorld. 

A  vast  fund  of  personal  knowledge  is  really  essential  to  the 
achievement  of  the  highest  excellence  in  any  field  of  human  effort. 

A  Knowledge  of  Forms,  Knowledge  of  Functions  and 
Knowledge  of  Products  are  all  of  the  utmost  value  and  in  ques- 
tions of  life  and  health  when  a  true  and  wholesome  remedy  is 
desired  it  should  be  remembered  that  Syrup  of  Figs  and  Elixir 
of  Senna,  manufactured  by  the  California  Fig  Syrup  Co.,  is  an 
ethical  product  which  has  met  with  the  approval  of  the  most 
eminent  physician  and  gives  universal  satisfaction,  because  it  is 
a  remedy  of 

Known  Quality,  Known  Excellence  and  Known  Component 
Parts  and  has  won  the  valuable  patronage  of  millions  of  the 
Well  Informed  of  the  world,  who  know  of  their-  own  personal 
knowledge  and  from  actual  use  that  it  is  the  first  and  best  of 
family  laxatives,  for  which  no  extravagant  or  unreasonable 
claims  are  made. 

This  valuable  remedy  has  been  long  and  favorably  known 
under  the  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs — and  has  attained  to  world- 
wide acceptance  as  the  most  excellent  family  laxative.  ,  As  its 
pure  laxative  principles,  obtained  from  Senna,  are  well  known  to 
physicians  and  the  Well  Informed  of  the  world  to  be  the  best 
we  have  adopted  the  more  elaborate  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna — as  more  fully  descriptive  of  the  remedy,  but 
doubtless  it  will  always  be  called  for  by  the  shorter  name  of — 
Syrup  of  Figs — and  to  get  its  beneficial  effects,  always  note,  when 
purchasing  the  full  name  of  the  Company — California  Fig  Syrup 
Co. — printed  on  the  front  of  every  package,  whether  you  call 
for — Syrup  of  Figs — or  by  the  full  name — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna. 


California  Fig  Syrup  Co. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL., 
LOUISVILLE,  KY.  Londo^'.^Eng.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."  116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


]  A  Summer  Stove 
^    of  Unusual 
Convenience 

Your  kitchen  is  really  in- 
complete without  a  New 
Perfection  Wick  Blue  Flame 
Oil  Cook- Stove. 

Not  only  does  this  stove  do 
anything  that  any  other  stove 
will  do,  but  it  does  it  quick- 
er, better,  at  less  cost  for  fuel, 
with  less  trouble  to  you  and 
all  without  perceptibly  raising 
the  temperature  of  the  kitchen. 

Think  what  comfort  and 
convenience  it  means  to  have  a 


NEW  PERFECTION 

Wick  Blue  Flame  Oil  Cook-Stove 

for  summer  cooking.  Note  the  CABINET  TOP  for  warming 
dishes  and  keeping  cooked  food  hot.  Also  the  drop  shelves 
for  holding  small  cooking  utensils,  and  bars  for  holding 
towels — features  entirely  new  to  oil-stoves.  It  is  as  substantial  in 
appearance  and  as  efficient  in  practice  as  the  modern  steel  coal 
range.    In  convenience  it  far  surpasses  any  other  stove.    Three 

sizes.    Can  be  had  with  or  without  Cabinet  Top. 

If  not  with  your  dealer,  write  our  nearest  agency. 


The  rCeSifO  LAMP  "  y/?",  r 

troubled  by 
flickering  gas  and  large  quar- 
terly bills  for  the  same,  get  a  Rayo  Lamp — the  best, 
handsomest  and  most  economical  light  for  a  home. 
If  not  with  your  dealer,  write  our  nearest  agency. 

STANDARD  OIL  COMPANY 
(Ineorporated) 


ai  I  LE 

NEATNESS 
COMFORT 

THE  IMPROVED 

BOSTON 
GARTER 

^i6  The  Name  is  stamped  on 
every  loop  —  Be  sure  it's  there 


^^ 


CUSHION 
BUTTON 


CLASP 


LIES  FLAT  TO  THE  LEG— NEVER 
SLIPS, TEARS,  NOR  UNFASTENS 

WORN  ALL  OVER  THE  WORLD 

Sample  pair,  Silk  SOc,  Cotton  25c. 
Mailed  on  receipt  of  price. 

GEORGE  FROST  CO.,  Makers 
Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

INSIST  ON    HAVING   THE  GENUINE 
REFUSE  ALL  SUBSTITUTES  '^— 


A    Delicious    Drink 

Baker's  Cocoa 

made  by  a 
scientific 
blending  of 
the  best 
tropical  fruit 

52  HIGHEST  AWARDS 

Walter  Baker  &  Co.  Ltd. 

Established  1780  DoFchesfer,  Mass. 


I 


The  King  of 
Condiments 

The  gardens  of  Cali- 
fornia contribute  their 
finest,  full-ripe  tomatoes 
for  this  Catsup.  Don't 
be  satisfied  with  inferior 
catsups .        Any  dealer. 


BISHOP  &  COMPANY 

CALIFORNIA 


{ 

I 


Severe  Tests  Prove  Its  Superiority 

Although  a  comparatively  new  product, 
Zerolene  has  been  more  severely  tested 
under  all  coriditions  than  many  other  lu- 
bricants, and,  distinctly  better  than  any  of 
these,  has  triumphed  in  every  test. 

ZERDLENE 

Auto  Lubricating  Oil 

lubricated  the  winning  Thomas  car  in  the  famous  New 
York  to  Paris  race,  also  the  Protos  and  Zust  cars 
which  ran  second  and  third.  Zerolene  proved  its  per- 
fect lubricating  and  non-carbonizing  qualities,  and  its 
zero- worl<ing ability,  in  the  most  severe  tests  to  which 
a  lubricating  oil  has  ever  been  put. 

Zerolene  is  the  only  "all  round"  oil  that  serves  all 
types  of  cylinders  and  bearings.  There  is  only  one 
kind  of  Zerolene,  produced  in  only  one  place  in  the 
world.  Put  up  in  sealed  cans  with  patent  pouring  spout 
that  cannot  be  refilled.  Also  in  barrels  for  garage  trade. 

STANDARD  OIL  CO. 

(Incorporated) 

Sold  by  dealers         g^^^     Write  for  booklet, 
everywhere.  WtSmi  ''21,000  miles  with 

Zerolene. ' '    Free. 


vose 


PIANOS 


have  been  established  over  60  years.  By  our  system 
of  paymentsevery  family  in  moderate  circumstances 
can  own  a  VOSE  pia.no.  We  take  old  instruments 
in  exchangre  and  deliver  the  new  piano  in  your 

home  free  of  expense.    Write  for  Catalogue  D  and  explanations. 

VOSE  &  SONS  PIANO  CO..  lOO  Bo^lston  St..  Boston.  Maaa. 


AUGUST,  1909 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  2 


!.___ 


25c.  ^^"^ 


COPY 


LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

MASON  OPERA  HOUSE 


«^  YEAR 


Create  a  INew  Skin  with 

Anita  Cream 


Nothing  better  for  Removing  Tan  and  Freckles 

50  Cents  a  Jar 

Of  all  druggists  or  from 


LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


GOV[RNMENT 


Irrigation  now  under  con- 
struction in  Glenn  County. 
The  cheapest  Alfalfa  and 
Orange  land  in  California. 
The  Central  Irrigating 
Canal,  the  largest  in  Cali- 
fornia now  ready  to  furnish 
water  to  all.  Our  oranges 
are  ripe  one  month  earlier 
than  southern  California. 
^  Write  for  prospectus. 


W.  £.  GERMAIN 

p.  O.'Box  65 
Willows,  Glenn  Co.,      California 


SINALOA  LANDS 

In  Sinaloa,  Mexico,  2  days  from  Los  Angeles,  Delta  of  the  Fuerte  River.  Every- 
thing green  all  the  year.  Water  and  R.  R.  transportation.  Fine  climate,  extremely 
fertile  soil.  German -colony  within  a  mile.  50  Americans  within  25  miles.  6500 
acres  in  lots  of  100  acres  at  $10  an  acre.  $25  down  and  $10  per  month.  Also  2500 
acres  near  Bamoa,  10  miles  to  R.  R.,  8  miles  to  gulf.  Rich  soil,  hardwood  timber, 
Farms  of  56  to  175  acres.  Same  price  and  terms.  Also  2,000,000  acres  of  coast,  foot- 
hill and  timber  lands  at  $2_to  $25  per  acre.  Mines,  little  and  big.  Call  and  see  our 
exhibit  of  Mexican  product's.     Write  for  booklet. 


The  West  Mexico  Co. 


529-531  Byrne  Building 


Los  Angeles 


NAVAJO      BLANKETS 

AND     INDIAN     CURIOS    AT    l^T  H  O  L  E  S  A  L  E 

I  have  more  than  250  weavers  in  my  employ,  including  the  most  skilful  now 
living,  and  have  taken  the  greatest  pains  to  preserve  the  old  colors,  patterns, 
and  weaves.  Every  blanket  sold  by  me  carries  my  personal  guarantee  of  Its 
quality.  In  dealing  with  me,  you  will  get  the  very  finest  blankets  at  wholesale 
prices.  I  also  handle  the  products  of  the  Hopi  (Moqui)  Indians,  buying  them  un- 
der contract  with  the  trading  posts  at  Ream's  Canyon  and  Oraibi  and  selling 
them    at   wholesale. 

I  have  constantly  a  very  fine  selection  of  Navajo  silverware  and  jewelry, 
Navajo  "rubies"  cut  and  uncut,  peridots  and  native  turquois.  Also  the  choicest 
modern  Moqui  pottery,  and  a  rare  collection  of  prehistoric   pottery. 


Write  for  my  Catalogue 
and  Price  List 


J.    L     HUBBELL,   '"■"'"   trader 


Ganado,  Apache  Co.,  Arizona 


I 


Irri&'ated 


OF  FIVE  ACRES 
AND  UPWARDS 

in  the  Counties  of 

Fresno  and  Merced 
California 

MILLER  AND  LUX 

Los  Banos^    Merced     County 
California 


A  GOOD  SUIT 

For  Men  or  Boys 

TT  is  a  source  of  great  satis- 
faction  to  get  one  that 
will  fit  well,  tailored  properly, 
with  quality  and  good  value 
that  is  sure  to  please.  Our 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  has 
made  our  success  for  over 
a  quarter  of  a  century. 


CLOTHING  COMPANY 


Cor.  Spring  &  First 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Quality  Store 


Eucalyptus  as  an  Investment 

33  ,'3%  per  annum  compound  interest 

Ube  (Berman  Savinos 
anb  Xoan  Societi^ 

[A  member  of  the  Associated  Savings  Banio  of  San  Francisco] 

526  California  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cah 

Guaranteed  Capital          .          .          $   1 ,200,000.00 
Capital  actually  paid  up  in  cash    .     $    1,000,000.00 
Reserve  and  Contingent  Funds     .      $    1,504,498.68 
Deposits  June  30,  1909     .        .        $36,793,234.04 
Total  Assets         .        .         .         $39,435,681.38 

We  sell  you  land 
--not    stock--plant 
it     to      eucalyptus 
trees —  California 
mahogany — 780    to 
each    acre  —  care 
for    it — g-uarantee 
it  —  give     you     a 
ieed  to  it — provide 
a    market    for    the 
crop — the     volume 
of  sales  and  enor- 
mous   acreage    in- 
sures      market  — 
also  insures  high- 
est price  for  com- 
mercial     timber — 
you    buy    land    for 
cash — or    on    easy 
monthly         instal- 
ments— a     savings 
bank  investment-- 
so     much     deposit 
every   month — and 
in     a     few     years 
you    own    a    com- 
petence. 

N  0      risk  —  no 
worry — no   work — 
absolutely      safe — 
as    certain    as    the 
rising     sun  —  the 
most          profitable 
crop     grown — bet- 
ter  for   most   peo- 
ple   than    life    in- 
surance— than    or- 
dinary real   estate 
— than      stocks    or 
bonds — than     sav- 
ings    banks — send 
for   beautifully   il- 
lustrated   booklets 
— bulletins — maps, 
etc. — all     free     for 
the    asking — your 
investment         will 
earn     33  1-3%    per 
annum   compound- 
ed —  a      deferred 
dividend,    cumula- 
tive   endowment — 
best  for  you,  your 
future     and     your 
family  —  do      it 
today. 

Remittance  may  be  made  by  Draft,  Post  Office,  or 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Go's.  Money  Orders,  or  coin  by  Ex- 
press. 

Office  Hours:    10  o'clock  A.  M.  to  3  o'clock  P.  M., 
except  Saturdays  to  12  o'clock  M.  and  Saturday  eve- 
ningrsfrom  7  o'clock  P.  M.   to  8  o'clock   P.   M.,  for 
receipt  of  deposits  only. 

OFFICERS:    President,  N.  Ohlandt;  First  Vice- 
President,  Daniel  Meyer;  Second  Vice-President,  Emil 
Rohte;  Cashier,  A.  H.  R.  Schmidt;  Assistant  Cashier, 
William  Herrmann;  Secretary,  George  Tourny;  As- 
sistant Secretary,  A.  H.  Muller;  Goodfellow  &  Eells, 
General  Attorneys. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS:      N.  Ohlandt,  Daniel 
Meyer.  Emil  Rohte,  Ign.  Steinhardt,  I.  N.  Walter,  J. 
W.  Van  Bergen,  F.  Tillmann,  jr.,  E.  T.  Kruse  and  W. 
S.  Goodfellow. 

MISSION    BRANCH,    2572    Mission    Street,   be- 
tween 21st  and  22nd  Street.    For  receipt  and  payment 
of  Deposits  only.                     C.  W.  Heyer,  Manager. 
RICHMOND  DISTRICT  BRANCH,  432  Clement  St., 
between  5th  and  6th  Avenues.    For  receipt  and  pay- 
ment of  Deposits  only.     W.  C.  Heyer,  Manager, 

Eucalyptus  Timber  Corporation 

358  South  Broadway             Los  Aneeles,  California 

Get 

Our 

♦  .    -*iS5^r    >     '* 

New 

<■*  ^^Hs.    '^    'i 

Booklet 

'^^I^^^Pi^^in^^H 

A  Story  of 

Eucalyptus 

Just  off  the  press.  Alive 
with    facts    about    this 

wonderful  new^  indus- 

try.     Investigate   now^. 

A  small  payment  down 

and     small     payments 

monthly  will     mean  a 

perpetual  income  a  little 

later  on. 

nm^gi 

Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co. 

^^^^^^^^^^g 

■    211  Mercantile  Place 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Bailey's   Rubber    Complexion 
Brushes  ^  Massage  Rollers 

Make,  Keep  and  Restore  Beauty  in  Nature's  own  way 


,.,.H'|Vi-Mii-W-riiiT»P^ 


FLAT-ENDED  TEETH 


ITS 

THE      

with  circular  biting  edges  that  remove  dust  caps, 
cleanse  the  skin  in  the  bath,  open  the  pores,  and  give 
new  life  to  the  whole  body.  Bailey's  Rubber 
Brushes  are  all  made  this  way.  Mailed  for  price. 
Beware  of  imitations.  At  all  dealers. 
Bailey's  Rubber  Complexion  Brush  .  .  $  .•'iO 
Bailey's  Rubber  Massage  Roller  .        .        .  .50 

Bailey's  Bath  and  Shampoo  Brush  .         .  .75 

Bailey's  Rubber  Bath  and  Flesh  Brush      .        .        I.OO 
Bailey's  Rubber  Toilet  Brush  (small)     .        .  .25 

Bailey's  Skin  Food  (large  jar)  .        .        .  .50 

Bailey's 

Won  t  Slip 

TIP 

This  tip  won't  slip  on 
ANY  SURFACE,  on 
smooth  ice,  or  mar  the 
most  highly  polished 
floor.  Made  in  five 
sizes,  internal  diameter: 
No.  17,  %  in.;  No.  18,% 
in.;  No.  19,  %  in.;  No. 
20.  1  in.;  No.  21,  l!^  in. 
Mailed  upon  receipt  of 
price,  30c.  per  pair. 
Agents  wanted. 

100  Page  Rubber  Catalogue  Free. 

C.  J.  BAILEY  &  CO.,  22  BoyUtan  St..  BOSTON,  Mass. 


KIDDER'S  PASTILLES  1"S?  iWaS 

^■■■^^■^^■^■i^MHH   Druggists.      35    cents. 
STOWELLi  &   CO.,  M£rs„  Charlestown,  Mass. 


Maier  Brewing  Company's 

*^5elect"  Beer 


XfOTED 
-'■^    Purity 


for  its  Age, 
and  Strength. 
All  shipments  by  bottles  or 
kegs  promptly  filled.  Family 
trade  a  specialty.      ::     ::     :: 


i  OFFICE  AND  BREWERY  , 


440  Aliso  Street,      Los  Angeles 

BOTH  PHONES:   Exchange  91 


OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE 

CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISEMENTS 


BRING  BUYER  AND  SELLER  TOGETHER 

In  this  Classified  Department  will  be  inserted  advertisements  of  a  clean  and  reliable  character, 
up  to  14  lines,  at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per  line.  None  will  be  inserted  of  less  than  4  lines.  No  il- 
lustrations nor  display  features  will  be  permitted  in  this  department.  Our  policy,  which  excludes 
medical,  palmistry,  fortune-telling,  or  misleading  advertisements,  or  advertisements  of  unreliable 
parties  or  commodities,  also  prevails  in  this  department,  and  the  business  management  will  appre- 
ciate prompt  notice  from  OUT  WEST  readers  of  any  such  that  may  get  in  by  false  pretense.  Ad- 
dress all  letters  pertaining  to  this  department  to  ;    ,  ^  ^! 


CLASSIFIED  DEPARTMENT 


OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE 


LOS  ANGELES.  CALIFORNIA 


CALIFORNIA    LANDS 


EUCALYPTUS  land  for  sale.  We  plant  it  to 
trees  and  care  for  it.  We  provide  a  market  for 
the  crop  and  insure  highest  price  for  commercial 
timber.  Terms  are  cash  or  monthly  instalments, 
as  you  prefer.  A  savings  bank  investment.  No 
risk,  no  worry,  no  work,  absolutely  safe  and 
the  most  profitable  crop  grown.  For  booklet 
and  particulars  address  Eucalyptus  Timber  Cor- 
poration, 358  So.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

IRRIGATED  FARM  LANDS  in  Fresno  and 
Merced  Counties,  California — Sold  in  tracts  of 
five  acres  and  up.  A  postal  card  will  bring 
you  particulars  regarding  the  finest  lands  in 
•California.  Address  Miller  &  Lux,  Los  Banos, 
Merced  County,  Cal. 

ROR  EUCALYPTUS  lands.  Investments  and 
particulars  address  us.  Ask  for  our  Story  of 
Eucalyptus,  just  off  the  press.  It  will  tell  you 
all  the  facts  of  this  wonderful  hardwood.  Ad- 
dress Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co.,  211  Mercantile 
Place,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

HEMET-HEMET--HEMET— SOUTHERN  CAL- 
IFORNIA— Investigate  this  valley.  It  will  pay 
big  dividends  in  health  and  prosperity.  Most 
perfect  conditions;  water,  soil  and  climate  can- 
not be  equaled;  population  right  sort;  town 
high-class,  modern  and  up-to-date;  orange, 
walnut,  olives  and  deciduous  fruit  lands,  im- 
proved and  unimproved.  Address  Valley  Realty 
■Co.,  Hemet,  Cal.,  or  Los  Angeles  oflflce,  553  So. 
Spring  street. 

SUNNYVALE  ACRES — Beautiful  acre  and  half 
acre  lots.  Rich  sediment  soil.  Artesian  water. 
Will  grow  berries  of  all  kinds,  garden  truck,  al- 
falfa, apples,  pears,  cherries,  peaches,  apricots 
and  prunes.  1  acre  will  support  you.  ^4  mile 
from  depot.  Price  from  $200  up.  $50  cash  and 
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^  Nothing  Holds 
the  Family  So 
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Special  terms  will  be  arranged  so  that  eventhe  most  humble  home  may  have  a 
Phonograph."     Investigate.     Mail  inquiries   solicited. 


this  beau- 
"Fireside 


Regarding  Pianos 

We  would  like  you  to  consider  that  with  all  the  offers  of  low 
prices  and  claims  of  superiority  made  for  certain  very  ordinary 
pianos,  the  fact  remains  that  the  demand  for  the  better  grades, 
sold  on  their  actual  merits,  is  increasing. 

People  with  sound  reasoning  faculties  are  not  deceived  by 
statements  which  will  not  stand  when  intelligent  investigation 
and  fair  comparisons  are  made. 

The  FAIRBANKS  PIANO  will  stand  the  closest  investiga- 
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nation of  its  construction,  of  the  materials  used  and  of  its  tonal 
quality,  it  will  be  found  to  possess  a  higher  order  of  merit  than 
any  piano  of  its  price  oflfered  the  public  today. 

The  Fairbanks  is  the  ideal  home  piano  and  every  intending 
purchaser  of  a  piano  should  investigate  it.     We  are  sole  agents. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  MUSICAL  QUALITY 

Southern  California  Music  Co« 

332-334  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


THE    NATION    BACK    OF    US.    THE    WORLD    IN    FRONT 


mmm  iT.1??  s 


OufWE5r 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.   2 


AUGUST,   1909 


'archeology  or  rio  grande  valley 

By  EDGAR  L.  HEIVETT. 
San  Francisco. 

Follozving  is  the  first  article  on  the  monumental  zvork  done  by  the  Southwest 
Society,  A.  I.  A.,  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Hezvett,  Director  of  the  School 
of  American  Archaeology  (founded  last  year  principally  through  the  efforts  oj 
the  Southwest  Society,  whose  headquarters  are  in  Los  Angeles).  The  estab- 
lishment of  the  American  School,  on  a  par  with  the  world-famous  Classical 
Schools  in  Rome,  Athens  and  Jerusalem;  the  Americanizing  of  the  zvork  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  the  foremost  of  American  scientific 
bodies',  the  systematizing  of  such  zvork  in  a  national  system  beginning  with 
the  incorporation  of  the  Institute  by  Act  of  Congress  and  the  unification  of  the 
government  departments  and  the  foremost  universities  and  museums  of  the 
country  to  this  zvork;  the  foundation  of  the  Southzvest  Museum  in  Los  An- 
geles, and  of  the  Museum  of  Nezv  Mexico  in  Santa  Fe — these  are  among  the 
achievements  in  zvhtch  the  Southzvest  Society  has  been  a  leader.  Besides 
this,  it  has  the  largest  membership  of  any  similar  body  in  the  zvorld,  by  som>' 
50  per  cent. 

The  zvork  described  by  Dr.  Hezvett  has  left  a  monument  comparable  to  the 
zvork  of  governments  and  scientific  bodies  in  Italy,  Greece,  Palestine,  Mexico, 
Egypt,  etc.  This  noble  American  ruin  is  already  visited  by  hundreds 
of  tourists.  The  zvonderfully  interesting  antiquities  from  it  nozv  rest  in  the 
Southzvest  Museum  rooms  in  Los  Angeles. 

It  is  admitted  that  "the  development  of  American  archaeology  in  the  Insti- 
tute dates  from  the  organisation  of  the  Southwest  Society."  It  is  also  admitted 
that  no  other  archaeological  society  in  the  United  States  has  accomplished  so 
much  in  active  zvork  for  its  own  community  as  zvell  as  for  the  zvorld  of 
science.  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 

THE  PUYE. 
N  THE  Slimmer  of   1907   work   was  bec^un  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Southwest  Society  of  the  Archaeolog- 
ical  Institute  of  America  on  the   ruins  of  Puye\   in 
New  Mexico.     This  is  the  first  of  the  ancient  pueblos 
of  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  to  be  systematically  exca- 
vated, and  the  second  ruin  in  the  United  States  to  be  scientifically 
treated  with  a  view  to  its  permanent  preservation  as  a   National 
Monument. 

(i)  The  derivations  of  Tewa  place  names  mentioned  in  this  and  in  suc- 
ceeding papers,  that  will  be  presented  on  the  Archaeology  of  the  Rio  Grande 
Valley,  have  been  determined  by  my  assistant,  Mr.  John  P.  Harrington. 

Puye :  assembling  place  of  cottontail  rabbits.  Pu,  cottontail  rabbit ;  ye,  to 
assemble,  to  meet.    The  word  Puye  must  not  be  confused  with  puye,  buckskni. 


hf^ 


696 


OUT    IV  BS  T 


y 


^^*»'-^»*^^ 


-%>% 


.^•^ 


.^' 


^^' 


'^-*^,RyM*^.^^„^^_^^^^„y^/^ 


Svction     A 


"[ s 


PUY^l 


Puye  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  of  the  ancient  "'Cliff  Cities  ' 
of  the  Southwest.  It  occupies  an  imposing  situation  (Plate  1-a) 
on  the  Pajarito  plateau,  ten  miles  west  of  the  village  of  Espaiiola 
and  thirty  miles  northwest  of  Santa  Fe.  Since  1880  the  place  has 
received  some  attention  in  the  writings  of  Powell,  Bandelier,  Lum- 
mis,  and  the  present  writer.  Through  widely  published  photographs 
its  general  appearance  has  been  well  known  for  some  years,  and 
much  has  been  said  concerning  its  history,  based  upon  surface  evi- 
dence and  Tewa  story.  But  here,  as  in  archaeological  research  all 
over  the  world,  it  is  the  spade  that  must  be  depended  upon  to  lay 
bare  the  irrefutable  record. 

At  first,  determined  opposition  to  the  excavation  of  the  ruins  at 
Puye  was  offered  by  the  Indians  from  the  nearest  Tewa  village, 
Santa  Clara,  ten  miles  away  in  the  Rio  Grande  \'alley,  on  whose 
reservation  the  site  is  located.  The  governor,  head  men,  and  rep- 
resentatives of  the  caciques,  or  religious  rulers,  were  met  in  council 
and  the  whole  matter  frankly  laid  before  them.  It  was  explained 
to  them  that  this  was  our  way  of  studying  the  history  of  the  Indian 
tribes ;  that  we  believed  that  the  thoughts  and  works  of  their  an- 
cestors and  of  the  other  peoples  with  whom  they  had  been  in  contact 
constituted  a  noble  record,  worthy  of  being  recovered  and  preserved 
for  all  time.  Some  appeal  was  made  to  their  sense  of  gratitude 
for  assistance  rendered  them  in  the  past  in  securing  from  the  gov- 
ernment a  much-needed  and   justly-deserved    extension    of    their 


ARCHAEOLOGY  01'  RIO  CRAXDIi  I  -AlJJiV.         697 


small  Community  Hous* 


'>i»c'i 

C   .  I  Section     0  I  Section      t. 


MCSA 


■^eAtt  B  ^o^-^mrt 


reservation,  and  a  law  releasing  them  from  the  payment  of  taxes 
on  their  lands,  which  at  one  time  had  threatened  the  extinction  of 
the  titles  to  their  homes.  Bare  reference  was  made  to  the  fact  that 
under  the  permit  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  we  were  acting 
entirely  within  our  rights  in  making  excavations  on  their  reservation, 
for  it  was  desired  to  rely  mostly  upon  their  higher  sentiments  in 
the  matter.  I  greatly  regret  that  I  am  unable  to  reproduce  the 
speeches  of  the  head  men  on  this  subject.  They  abounded  in  inci- 
sive and  cogelit  argument  which  demanded  unequivocal  and  logical 
answer.  On  the  whole,  their  contention  was  on  a  high  plane,  and 
their  deliberation  marked  by  much  lofty  sentiment.  It  ended  in  all 
objection  being  withdrawn  and 'most  cordial  relations  established, 
which  were  afterward  expressed  in  a  perfectly  friendly  attitude 
toward,  and  interest  in,  our  work. 

It  is  not  an  exaggeration  to  speak  of  Puye  as  a  "cliff  city," 
though  it  must  be  understood  that  the  term  "city"  does  not  imply 
anything  of  civic  organization  comparable  to  that  of  our  modern 
municipalities.  Nevertheless,  there  were,  in  the  social  organization 
that  existed  here,  elements  of  collective  order  that  characterize  the 
civic  group  that  we  designate  by  the  term  "city."  There  were 
closely-regulated  community  life,  definite  societary  obligation,  and 
in  point  of  numbers  the  population  was  ample  to  constitute  a  modern 
city. 

Geologically.  Puye  is  a  rock  of  grayish-yellow  tufa,  5750  feet  long. 


I 

• 

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■  is 

■    1 

■J 

.' 

^■v 

Hit      : 

^H 

^^U 

^Lri     :.M 

^^H 

WF'^  '-''M 

^^■1 

■^          v..          ^■^^^:            -ml^ 

HUHHb  l  ^       r  aSK^flBiiUH^HB 

Ch 


> 


ARCHABOLGGY  Gf  RIO  GRANDE  J 'ALLEY.  699 

varying  in  width  from  90  to  700  feet.  Its  outlines  are  shown  in  the 
map  (Plate  II),  and  something  of  its  general  aspect  in  the  pano- 
ramic photograph  (Plate  Vll-b).  It  is  a  fragment  of  the  great 
tufaceous  blanket  that  once  covered  the  entire  Pajarito  Plateau  to 
a  thickness  of  from  50  to  1500  feet.  This  covering  of  tufa  has 
been  completely  dissected  by  ages  of  water  and  wind  erosion.  In 
the  northern  part  not  over  10  per  cent  of  it  remains.  These  frag- 
ments appear  as  a  multitude  of  geological  islands  (Plate  I-b),  some 
almost  circular,  but  mostly  long  stri]is  (in  S])anish,  potrcros),  ex- 
tending cast  and  west  from  the  b;i>c  uf  ihc  JniiLZ  Mountains  towards 
the  Rio  Grande.  They  present,  on  the  south  side,  vertical  escarp- 
ments rising  above  talus  slopes  that  reach  usually  almost  to  the  dry 
arrovos  in  the  vallcv  bottoms.     The  north  side  is  always  less  abrupt, 


Plate  Va — Excavated  Cliff  Rooms 

presenting  only  small  escarpments  and  long  gentle  slopes  to  the 
valley.  There  is  scant  soil  on  the  tops  of  these  mesas,  and  vegeta- 
tion is  limited  to  grass,  juniper  and  pinon.  The  valleys  are  lightly 
forested  with  pine  of  not  very  ancient  growth.  The  altitude  is 
about  7000  feet  above  sea-level. 

The  view  from  the  top  of  the  rock  of  Puye  is  almost  beyond 
compare.  A  few  miles  to  the  west  is  the  Jemez  range,  with  its 
rounded  contours  and  heavily  forested  slopes  (Plate  I-a.)  On 
the  eastern  horizon  one  sees  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  of  the  Santa 
Fe  range,  embracing  the  highest  peaks  in  Xew  ]\Iexico.  The 
northern  extremity  of  the  panorama  lies  in  the  State  of  Colorado, 
and  at  the  south  end,  near  Albuquerque,  is  the  rounded  outline  of 
the   Sandia   ^ilountain.   Oku,   the  "Sacred   Turtle"   of  Tewa   mvth- 


ARCHAEOLOGY  OF  RIO  GRANDE  VALLEY. 


701 


ology.  The  great  synclinal  trough  of  the  Rio  Grande  extends  from 
north  to  south  between  the  two  ranges.  The  portion  of  it  here 
seen  formed  the  bed  of  a  Miocene  lake.  The  great  expanse  of 
yellowish  Santa  Fe  marl,  which  the  winds  have  piled  into  rounded 
dunes  and  trimmed  into  turreted  castles,  present  at  all  times  a  weird 
and  fantastic  appearance.  In  the  immediate  foreground  to  the  east 
one  looks  down  upon  the  level  plateau  stretching  away  to  the  valley. 
In  the  summer  and  fall  this  is  variegated  by  masses  of  yellow 
flowers,  which  cover  the  open  parks  among  the  junipers,  marking 
the  fields  of  the  ancient  inhabitants.  Beyond  this  lies  several  miles 
of  open  grass  lands.     To  the  northwest  about  a  mile  and  a  half 


— Photo  by  Dixon. 
Plate  Ilia — Rock  Tr.ml  at  Pininicangwi 

the  yellow  rock  of  Shufinne  dominates  the  plain,  and  to  the  west 
and  south  lie  numbers  of  the  detached  masses  which  I  have  spoken 
of  as  geological  islands.  Southwest  about  ten  miles  the  round  black- 
bulk  of  Tuyo  rises  from  the  edge  of  the  Rio  Grande  V'alley  (Plate 
IX-b.)  Here  is  an  example  of  the  geologically  recent  basaltic  ex- 
trusions which  characterize  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  from  this  point 
south  through  White  Rock  Canon.  This  is  the  historic  "Black 
Mesa,"  the  scene  of  many  stirring  events  of  the  early  period  of 
Spanish  occupation.  In  Tewa  mythology.  Tuyo  is  the  "Sacred  Fire 
Mountain."  Its  top  is  covered  with  the  remains  of  semi-subter- 
ranean dwellings,  and  fire  shrines  are  still  maintained  there  bv  the 
Indians  of  San  Ildefonso. 


702 


our   wiiS'r 


Puye  was  the  principal  focus  of  a  population  that  occupied  a 
number  of  villages  in  the  northern  part  of  this  plateau.  The  dis- 
tribution of  the  outlying  settlements  of  this  group  will  be  briefly 
described  before  considering  Puye  itself.  There  are  many  "small 
house"  ruins,  containing '  any  where  from  two  to  fifty  rooms  each, 
scattered  all  over  the  district,  that  are  not  taken  account  of  in  this 
paper.  The  villages  are  for  the  most  part  found  on  the  tops  of 
the  mesas,  on  almost  every  one  of  which,  of  any  size,  some  house 
remains  are  found.     The  large  reltlements  consisted  of  from  on?  t:> 


Plate  Illb- 


— Photo  by  Bean. 
-Stairway  at  Navawi 


three  quadrangular  pueblos,  one  or  more  small  houses  near  by,  and 
a  village  of  excavated  rooms  in  the  nearest  adjacent  cliff  wall. 

The  northernmost  settlement  is  the  Shufinne^  above  mentioned. 

This  town  lay  to  the  northwest  of  Puye  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
and  was  separated  from  it  by  the  deep  gorge  of  Santa  Clara 
Cafion.  It  occupied  a  small  tufa  island,  the  only  one  north  of  the 
caiion.  The  rock  of  Shufinne  is  a  commanding  feature  of  the  land- 
scape, being  plainly  visible  from  the  Tesuque  divide,  just  north  of 
Santa  Fe,  a  distance  of  about  thirty  miles.  The  settlement  here 
consisted  of  a  small  pueblo  on  the  top  of  the  rock,  and  a  group  of 

(i)  From  Tsiphenu,  dark  colored  obsidian  flakes;  Tsi,  obsidian  flake;  plicin:. 
dark.     In  the  Santa  Clara  dialect,  the  form  is  Tsifeno. 


Plate  IIIc — Stairway  at  Puve 


704 


OUT    WEST 


houses  built  against  the  vertical  wall  forming  the  southern  face 
of  the  cliff. 

On  the  next  mesa  and  in  its  adjacent  valley  south  of  the  Puye 
are  three  small  pueblos,  one  on  the  mesa  rim  and  two  in  the  valley, 
these  being  the  only  valley  pueblos  of  any  size  in  this  region.  There 
is  also  a  cliff  village  of  several  hundred  excavated  rooms  in  the 
rock  wall.  There  is  a  lack  of  certainty  in  Tewa  tradition  with 
reference  to  these  ruins,  but  from  the  most  reliable  information 
obtainable  I  now  believe  that  these  taken  together  constituted  the 
settlement  of  Navahu'.  The  derivation  of  the  name  of  this  com- 
munity was  mentioned  by  me  in  a  note  in  the  American  Anthropolo- 
gist in  1906,  and  is  of  sufficient  interest  to  warrant  repetition  here : 

"In  the  second  valley  south  of  the  great  pueblo  and  cliff  village 
of  Puye,  in  the  Pajarito  Park,  New  Mexico,  is  a  pueblo  ruin  known 


Plate  IVa — Rock  Trail  at  Tsankawi 

to  the  Tewa  Indians  as  Navahu,  this  being,  as  they  claim,  the 
ancient  name  of  the  village.  The  ruined  villages  of  this  plateau 
are  Tewa  of  the  pre-Spanish  period.  This  particular  pueblo  was 
well  situated  for  agriculture,  there  being  a  considerable  acreage  of 
tillable  land  near  by — far  more  than  this  small  population  would 
have  utilized.  The  old  trail  across  the  neck  of  the  mesa  to  the 
north  is  worn  3up  .:d€ep;  in  the  rock,  showing  constant,  long-con- 
tinued use.  I  infer  that  these  were  the  fields  of  not  only  the  people 
of  Navahu,  but  also  of  the  more  populous  settlements  beyond  the 
great  mesa  to  the  north,  where  tillable  land  is  wanting.  The  Tewa 
Indians  assert  that  the  name  'Navahii'  refers  to  the  large  area  of 
cultivated  lands.  This  suggests  an  identity  with  Navaho,  which 
Fray  Alonso  de  Benavides,  in  his  Memorial  on  New  Mexico  pub- 
lished in  1630,  applied  to  that  branch  of  the  Apache  nation  ('Apaches 

(i)     Navahu,  or  Navahngc:  place  of  the  culiivated  fields.     Nava,  field,  flat 
land ;  ge,  place. 


ARCHAEOLOGY  OF  RIO  GRANDE  VALLEY. 


705 


l^t^SM^HP^^ 


Plates  IVb  and  c — Rock  Trail  at  Tsankawi 

de  Navajo')  then  living  to  the  west  of  the  Rio  Grande,  beyor.l 
the  very  section  above  mentioned.  Speaking  of  these  people, 
Benavides  says:  'But  these  (Apaches)  of  Navajo  are  very  great 
farmers  (labradores),  for  that  (is  what)  Navajo  signifies— "great 
planted  fields"  {sementeras  grandes).'  " 

These  facts  may  admit  of  two  interpretations.  So  far  as  we 
know,  this  author  was  the  first  to  use  the  name  Navajo  in  literature, 
and  he  would  have  been  almost  certain  to  have  derived  it  from  the 
Pueblos  of  New  Mexico  among  whom  he  lived  as  Father  Custodian 
of  the  Province  from  1622  to  1629,  since  the  Navajo  never  so 
designated  themselves.     The  expression,  "the  Apaches  of  Navajo,'' 


70") 


our     WEST 


Pi.A'iE  Til — Ruins    of  the  Great  Communal 

may  have  been  used  to  designate  an  intrusive  band  that  had  invade(! 
Tewa  territory  and  become  intrenched  in  this  particular  valley.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Xavajo,  since  the  pastoral  life  of  post-Spanish 
times  was  not  then  possil3le  to  them,  may  have  been  so  definitely 
agriculturists,  as  Benavides  states  (although  he  did  not  extend  his 
missionary  labors  to  them),  and  have  occupied  such  areas  of  culti- 
vated lands  that  their  habitat,  wherever  it  was,  would  have  been 
known  to  the  Tewa  as  Xavajo,  "the  place  of  great  planted  fields." 
On  the  next  mesa  to  the  south,  a  potrero  several  miles  in  length, 
are  two  groups  of  ruins  which  I  now  believe  constituted  the  settle- 
ment known  in  Tewa  tradition  as  Pininicangwi'.  The  western  group 
is  composed  of  one  quadrangle  and  four  small-house  ruins,  the  group 
occupying  a  space  of  not  over  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length.  About 
half  a  mile  to  the  east  is  the  other  group,  consisting  of  one  quad- 
rangle and  two  small  houses.     All  the  buildings  of  this  settlement 

(i)  Pininicangxvi:  Phiniitikanzvi'i,  popcorn  meal  mesa-neck.  Phinini,  pop- 
corn; kail,  flour;  pliiiiuiikan,  meal  made  of  roasted  corn;  li'i'i,  a  narrow  place 
between  two  mesas  formed  where  two  canons,  one  on  each  side  of  the  mesa, 
have  their  sources  near  together.  Wi'i  is  a  geographical  term  much  used  by  the 
Tewa.  A  trail  often  leads  up  one  caiion.  across  the  Wi'i  and  down  the  other 
canon.  There  are  a  few  of  a  clan  known  as  Phininit'owa  or  Popcorn  People 
still  left  at  San  Ildefonso. 


ARCH.-iBOLOGY  OF  RIO  GRANDE  VALLEY 


lousE  OX  Summit  of  the  Puye 


are  within  a  few  rods  of  the  mesa  rim,  and  in  the  face  of  the 
escarpments  are  many  excavated  cHff  houses. 

Of  the  next  settlement  south,  the  last  in  the  Puye  district,  we 
have  no  Indian  name.  The  great  potrero  on  which  the  ruins  are 
situated,  and  the  valley  to  the  south  of  it,  are  known  by  the  Spanish 
name  Chupadero.  The  main  pueblo  is  a  quadrangle  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  square.  Near  by  are  three  small-house 
ruins  and  a  reservoir.  In  the  cliff  wall  below  are  hundreds  of 
excavated  rooms. 

The  settlements  above  described  seem  to  have  been  rather  closely 
related.  The  villages  are  all  connected  by  well-worn  trails,  some 
of  them  of  unusual  depth.  The  one  shown  in  Plate  Ill-a  crosses  a 
narrow  neck  (wi'i)  of  the  mesa  of  Pininicangwi.  With  one  excep- 
tion (Plate  I\'-a.  Tsankawi)  it  is  the  deepest  worn  rock  trail  that 
I  have  ever  seen.  It  seems  to  have  been  made  entirely  by  the 
attrition  of  human  feet,  being  so  situated  that  its  depth  could  not 
be  augmented  by  water  erosion.  The  net-work  of  trails  to  be  seen 
over  this  entire  plateau  is  one  of  its  most  interesting  archaeological 
features.  The  trail  is  a  sharply  cut  path,  usually  about  eight  inches 
wide,  from  a  few  inches  to  a  foot  in  depth,  and  in  many  places  more. 
The  path  narrows  but  little  toward  the  bottom  and  is  remarkably 


708 


O U r    WEST 


Plate  VIIc — Gknkral  Panorama 

clean  cut.  (Plate  IV-bc.)  A  large  part  of  the  surface  of  the 
plateau  is  rock  devoid  of  soil,  and  these  paths  afford  an  imperish- 
able record  of  ages  of  coming  and  going.  The  well-worn  stairway- 
are  worthy  of  particular  notice  (Plate  Ill-b.)  In  the  archaeo- 
logical map  of  the  district  that  is  in  course  of  preparation,  the 
entire  system  of  trails  and  game  traps  (navas)  (Plate  IX-a)  are 
shown,  and  in  a  future  paper  this  subject  will  be  discussed  at  length. 

The  Puye  is  a  fine  example  of  the  ancient  Pajaritan  community. 
At  this  place  is  found  everything  that  is  characteristic  of  the  Pa- 
jaritan culture;  every  form  of  house  ruins,  typical  in  construction 
and  placement ;  sanctuaries,  pictographs,  implements,  utensils,  sym- 
bolic decoration,  all  following  a  well-defined  order,  and  conforming 
in  all  essential  particulars  to  a  type  of  culture  to  which  I  have  for 
present  convenience  given  the  name  Pajaritan. 

The  Puye  settlement  was  made  up  of  two  aggregations  of  dwell- 
ings: 1.  The  great  quadrangle  on  the  mesa  top,  an  arrangement 
of  four  huge  terraced  community  houses  about  a  court,  forming 
at  once  an  effective  fortification  and  a  capacious  dwelling ;  a  com- 
pact residential  fortress  that  might  not  inappropriately  be  called 
the  citadel.  (See  ground  plan,  Fig.  1.)  2.  The  cliflF  villages,  con- 
sisting of  a  succession  of  dwellings  built  against  and   within  tht 


I 


ARCHAEOLOGY  OP  RIO  GRANDE  VAIJMY.         709 


THE  PuYE    Cliff 


wall  of  the  cliff,  usually  at  the  level  where  the  talus  slope  meets 
the  vertical  escarpment.    The  latter  will  be  described  first. 

A  glance  at  the  map  of  the  Puye  mesa  (Plate  II)  shows  an 
almost  continuous  succession  of  dwellings  along  the  face  of  the 
cliff  from  one  end  to  the  other.  The  cliff  is  more  than  a  mile 
(5750  feet)  in  length.  We  note  here  three  classes  of  dwellings. 
1.  Excavated,  cave-like  rooms,  serving  as  domiciles,  without  any 
form  of  construction  in  front  (Plate  V-a.)  2.  Excavated  rooms 
with  open  rooms  or  porches  built  on  in  front,  as  has  been  the  case 
in  the  example  shown  in  Plate  V-b.  3.  Houses  of  stone,  one  to 
three  stories  high,  with  corresponding  number  of  terraces,  built 
upon  the  talus  against  the  cliff.  In  these  groups  the  excavated 
chambers  now  seen  in  the  cliff  wall  were  simply  back  rooms  of  the 
terraced  buildings.  Such  was  the  example  shown  in  Plate  V-c. 
An  examination  of  the  talus  discloses  remains  of  the  walls  of  several 
villages  of  considerable  extent  that  were  built  upon  the  talus  against 
the  cliff.  Plate  Vl-a  shows  a  section  of  the  cliff  which  was  the 
site  of  one  of  these  talus  pueblos,  a  building  two  stories  high.  The 
row  of  holes  in  the  cliff  wall  shows  where  the  ceiling-beams  of  the 
second  story  rested.  The  walls  of  first-floor  rooms  are  to  be  found 
under  the  debris  where  the  talus  meets  the  vertical  cliff.     The  ruins 


710 


O  U  r     IV  B  S  7 


rr^ 


rt<-^J:ir.^ 


Reservoi  r 


»'''V;/.W>n..,„^-^^'""^^^^^^^ 


nA^''*'* 


# 


.OltJ!' 


^■x^'in'f'^^ 


^M^W*"!*'"""'-** 


^Ar... 


^* 


•^//^^ 


%<► 


^'^•^-/m^'^^^''^''" 


of  a  number  of  excavated  back  rooms  are  to  be  seen  in  the  wall. 

All  of  section  4  of  the  cliff  (Plate  II),  and  a  great  part  of 
section  5,  is  broken  about  midway  of  its  height  by  a  ledge  which 
shelves  back  a  few  3'ards  and  then  meets  another  vertical  wall. 
On  this  ledge  and  against  and  within  this  upper  wall  are  the 
remains  of  another  succession  of  dwellings.  These  continue  for  a 
distance  of  2100  feet.  This,  added  to  the  line  of  dwellings  on  the 
lower  level,  gives  a  continuous  extent  of  house  remains  of  this 
character  about  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length.  The  dwellings  of  this 
upper  ledge  were  quite  like  those  below.  Here  were  the  simple 
cave-like  houses,  the  porched  chambers  and  the  terraced  pueblo 
against  the  cliff,  with  excavated  back  rooms.  It  was  possible  to 
step  from  the  house-tops  on  to  the  rim  rock  above.  In  places  heavy 
retaining  walls  of  stone  were  built  on  the  front  of  the  ledge.  Stair- 
ways cut  in  the  face  of  the  rock  ascend  from  this  upper  ledge  to 
the  great  community  house  on  the  top  (Plate  III-c.) 

The  great  community  house  stands  near  the  edge  of  the  cliff. 


ARCHAEOLOGY  OF  RIO  GRANDE  VALLEY. 


711 


^o 


.-.^%.. 


H^ 


'W. 


'>cy 


1 


^.ixi''. 


iV.'.''."!'*  ■ 


■-■.■  V-  -^ 


"^^> 


^1 


*?sl        Low     Mound         v^s 


.Jt 


lC'"'//(l"'''((|||>'"'#^ 


Pn\ff^ 


i'^^f 


..^^''^^''■*n<>''ni^^^^^^^^ 


'''^'^'''"f^*'W>,„^.^y^^ 


c\' 


yftr-' 


the  southwest  corner  appro'aehing  to  within  twenty  feet  of  the 
brink.  The  huge  quadrangular  pile  of  tufa  blocks  gives  at  first 
the  impression  of  great  regularity  of  construction  (Plate  Vll-a), 
but  on  close  examination  the  usual  irregularities  of  pueblo  buildings 
are  found.  The  plan  here  presented  (Fig.  I)  was  drawn  previous 
to  excavation  and  is  intended  to  show  only  the  general  appearance 
of  the  ground  plan  and  surroundings.  It  would  require  a  rectangle 
approximately  300x275  feet  to  inclose  the  pile.  No  two  exterior 
walls  are  exactly  parallel,  but  the  orientation  of  the  building  is 
approximately  with  the  cardinal  points.  The  wall  forming  the  east 
side  of  the  court  is  on  a  due  north  and  south  line.  The  interior 
court  is  not  a  perfect  rectangle,  the  north  side  measuring  150  feet, 
south,  140;  east,  158;  and  west,  143. 

At  the  southeast  corner  is  the  main  entrance  to  the  square,  17 
feet  wide  at  the  eastern  end  but  enlarging  to  double  that  width 
before  it  opens  into  the  court.  A  narrow  passage  13  feet  wide,  not 
known  to  exist  until  excavations  begun,  was  cleared  at  the  south- 


> 


t. 


Pd 


U 


> 


u 


I 
> 


Plate  Villa — The  Beginning 


Shovel  and  Wheel 


I 


^Lvf- 


Removing  Loose  Stones 


Barrow  Work 


718 


our  ivus'i 


west  corner  of  the  court,  thus  segregating  the  "South  House"  of 
the  quadrangle  from  the  other  four  sides.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that  this  latter  was  a  covered  passage.  It  is  possible  that  excavation 
will  disclose  other  entrances'  to  the  court,  but  none  is  now  visible. 
A  low  oblong  mound,  its  longest  diameter  about  150  feet  in  length, 
lies  just  outside  the  main  entrance.  This  has  the  appearance  of 
neither  a  general  refuse  heap  nor  cemetery,  though  it  occupies  the 
usual  position  of  the  latter.  It  is  composed  mainly  of  the  refuse  pro- 
duced by  the  dressing  of  the  stone  for  the  building.  A  long  narrow 
mound  of  similar  character  almost  touches  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  pueblo. 

One  subterranean  sanctuary,  or  kiva,  is  found  just  against  the 
outer  wall  of  the  East  House,  and  another  somewhat  larger  lies 
165  feet  slightly  north  of  east  of  this  one.  The  largest  kiva  on 
the  mesa  top,  one  apparently  about  36  feet  in  diameter,  lies  60  feet 


Plate  IXa — Game  Trap  (Xava)  at  Navavvi 

west  of  the  southwest  corner  of  the  quadrangle.  These  kivas  wer? 
all  excavated  in  the  rock,  there  being  almost  no  covering  of  soil  at 
this  place.  Others  are  found  on  the  ledge  of  the  cliff  below,  and 
still  others  in  the  talus. 

The  ruins  of  an  ancient  reservoir  lie  120  feet  west  of  the  pueblo. 
It  is  oblong  in  form,  its  short  diameter  being  about  75  feet,  and  the 
long  diameter  130  feet.  The  embankment  is  made  of  stone  and 
earth,  the  opening  being  on  the  west.  It  could  not  have  been  fed  from 
any  living  source,  and  could  have  been  useful  only  for  impound- 
ing such  surface  water  as  would  be  conducted  to  it  through  the 
small  draw  to  the  west.  The  supply  of  potable  water  for  the  pueblo 
must  have  been  derived  from  what  is  now  the  dry  arroyo  south 
of  the  mesa.  At  one  point  a  meager  supply  can  still  be  obtained 
by  the  opening  of  a  spring  in  the  sand,  but  here,  as  on  all  parts 
of  this  plateau,  a  much  more  plentiful  water  supply  than  that  now 
existing  would  be  absolutely  essential  to  the  maintenance  of  such 


ARCHAEOLOGY  OF  RIO  GRANDE  VALLEY.         719 

large  settlements  as  once  existed  at  Puye.  An  evidence  of  sue  i 
supply  is  to  be  seen  in  the  irrigation  canal  which  may  be  traced  for 
nearly  two  miles  along  the  south  side  of  Puye  arroyo.  This  ditch 
heads  above  the  mesa  towards  the  mountain,  and  must  have  been 
used  to  conduct  surface  water  from  the  mountain  gulches  to  the 
level  fields  south  and  east  of  the  settlements.  It  is  possible  that 
it  was  constructed  during  a  late  occupation  of  Puye  by  the  Santa 
Clara  Indians,  after  their  knowledge  of  irrigation  had  been  aug- 
mented by  contact  with  the  Spaniards  in  the  Rio  Grande  V^alley. 

A  detailed  description  of  the  great  community  house  is  reserved 
until  the  excavations  of  the  present  season  (1909)  shall  have  doubled 
the  ^f^a  uncovered  and  afforded  more  complete  data  for  the  de- 
scription'. One  hundred  and  forty  rooms  are  now  clear  of  debris 
and  may  be  seen  in  practically  their  original  condition.  This  com- 
prises about  three-fourths  of  the  South  House.  The  walls  of  the 
first  floor  remain  standing  in  a  good  state  of  preservation  to  a 
height  of  from  four  to  seven  feet.  The  latter  figure  was  probably 
about  the  original  height  of  the  ceiling  in  the  first  story.  That  there 
was  much  irregularity  in  the  altitude  of  different  parts  of  the  build- 
ing is  shown  by  the  amount  of  fallen  wall  material  and  other  debris 
in  the  rooms  excavated.  It  is  evident  that  there  was  an  irregular 
terracing  back  from  the  rooms  facing  the  court,  and  it  is  likely 
that  small  portions  of  certain  terraces  were  four  stories  high. 

Description  of  the  material  recovered  by  the  excavation  is  also 
reserved  for  a  future  section  of  the  report.  The  finds  consist  of 
a  large  quantity  of  stone  implements  and  utensils,  many  articles  in 
bone,  and  a  considerable  amount  of  pottery.  The  latter,  found  in 
an  apparently  hopelessly  shattered  condition,  has  been  made  one  of 
the  choicest  collections  that  has  been  excavated  in  the  Southwest. 
This  is  due  to  the  skilful  restoration  that  it  has  received  at  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Palmer  in  the  Southwest  Museum,  where  the  collec- 
tion is  now  to  be  seen.  The  collection  is  chiefly  characterized  by 
the  large  amount  of  a  beautiful  red  ware  peculiar  to  the  Pajaritan 
pottery,  and  also  by  elaborate  use  of  ornamental  glazing,  which,  as 
has  been  previously  shown  by  the  writer',  was  a  well-developed  art 
among  the  Pajaritan  people  in  pre-Spanish  times. 

The  photographs  (Plate  Vlll-ab)  show  different  stages  of  the 
work  of  excavation  and  illustrate  the  method.  The  line  of  Indian 
workmen  stretched  across  the  great  pile  of  the  fallen  building  (Plate 
Vlll-a)  gathers  the  loose  stone  and  passes  it  along  by  hand  to  a 
pile  outside  of  the  quadrangle.  When  all  loose  stone  and  all  that 
can  be  freed  from  the  debris  by  the  picks  have  been  thus  disposed 
of,  and  the  standing  walls  disclosed,  plank  run-w^ays  are  laid  upon 
the  top  of  the  wall  (Plate  Vlll-b)  and  shovels  and  wheelbarrows 
brought  into  requisition.  Earth  and  broken  stone  fill  the  rooms  to 
a  depth  of  from  three  to  five  feet,  and  it  is  in  the  removal  of  this 
that  most  of  the  specimens  are  found.  The  rooms  are  usually  plas- 
tered and  well  floored ;  in  some  cases  rooms  are  found  with  second- 
ary floors,  laid  upon  a  considerable  depth  of  soil  and  debris,  indi- 
cating a  reoccupation  after  a  period  of  disuse.  In  Plate  Vl-b  is 
shown  a  partial  view  of  the  building  after  excavation. 

(To  be  continued.) 

(i)  Les  Communautes  Anciennes  dans  le  Desert  Americain :  Geneva, 
Switzerland,  1908. 


721 

SAVING  A  LANDMARH 

jT  IS  beginning  to  be  realized  by  nearly  everyone  that 

the  historic  landmarks  of  California — particularly  the 

Old  Missions — are  an  actual  asset  to  the  State.     For 

about  a  dozen  years  a  few  Californians  have  labored 

successfully  to  repair  and  safeguard  the  most  important 

of  these   monuments,   which   at  the   beginning  of  that   time  were 

practically  ruins.     If  it  had  not  been  for  this  work,  there  would  be 

practically  nothing  left  for  visitors  to  see  today. 

The  Landmarks  Club,  incorporated  for  this  special  purpose,  has 
raised  in  a  quiet  way  some  $9000,  has  repaired  falling  walls,  has 
restored  some  two  acres  of  fallen  roof,  has  put  in  foundations,  braces 
and  other  protective  devices.  There  would  be  nothing  left  of  the 
noble  ruins  at  San  Fernando,  San  Juan  Capistrano,  Pala  and  San 
Diego  if  it  had  not  been  for  this  corporation — which  has  also  as- 
sisted with  considerable  sums  in  the  preservation  of  San  Luis  Rey 
Mission,  the  Governor  Pico  Mansion  at  Whittier,  etc. 

The  most  generous  of  all  contributions  to  this  work  has  recently 
been  made  by  the  Union  Oil  Company  and  the  Union  Transportation 
Company,  of  Los  Angeles — somewhat  belying  the  proverb  that  cor- 
porations have  no  soul.  The  numerous  holdings  of  oil  lands  in 
Santa  Barbara  county  included  the  ruins  of  the  beautiful  Mission 
La  Purisima,  a  few  miles  from  Lompoc.  The  Mission  Fathers 
always  picked  the  choicest  locations — and  to  this  day  their  taste 
in  choosing  sites  has  never  been  improved  upon.  This  beautiful  little 
valley  of  La  Purisima  is,  of  course,  a  choice  agricultural  section ; 
and  in  selling  ofif  its  ranch  lands  the  corporation  had  an  offer  for 
this  valley.  Feeling  that  the  monuments  of  the  early  history  of  Cali- 
fornia should  be  preserved  for  the  public  and  for  the  future,  the 
officials  brought  the  matter  before  the  Landmarks  Club  with  a 
proffer  of  reservations  containing  the  ruins — which  constitute  one 
of  the  most  interesting  historic  groups  in  all  California. 

It  has  taken  a  long  and  intricate  legal  procedure  to  give  a  clear 
title  to  the  six  parcels  of  land  which  include  the  noble  monastery 
(290  feet  long),  the  chapel  and  the  scattered  and  extremely  inter- 
esting out-works — fountains,  reservoirs,  etc.  The  value  of  the  gift 
(which  amounts  in  the  market  to  several  thousand  dollars)  is  trifling 
compared  to  the  patriotic  spirit  which  has  patiently  kept  up  the 
tedious  routine  of  securing  a  clear  title.  Almost  any  rich  corpora- 
tion could  spare  a  few  acres,  but  few  would  take  the  trouble  of 
legal  minutiae  for  a  year  to  make  this  gift  effective. 

The  deed  is  made  to  Henry  W.  O'Melveny.  Sumner  P.  Hunt, 
Arthur  B.  Benton  and  Chas.  F.  Lummis,  directors  of  the  Landmarks 
Club,  and  their  successors  and  assigns,  for  these  gifts,  to  be  "devoted 
exclusively  to  the  purposes  of  preserving  them  for  the  sake  of  the 


722  OUT     WEST 

history  of  California  and  for  the  pnbhc  benefit,  and  for  no  purposes 
of  gain,  whatsoever.'' 

The  one  further  condition  of  this  deed  is  that  the  Landmarks 
Ckib  shall  expend  not  less  than  $1500  in  re-roofing  and  protecting 
the  monastery. 

~S[t.  Hunt,  chief  architect  of  the  club,  and  Mr.  Lummis.  the  presi- 
dent, visited  the  ruin,  measured  it  up,  made  architect's  estimates 
for  repairs,  and  marked  out  the  reservations  which  would  be  neces- 
sary to  make  such  a  donation  of  the  best  public  benefit.  Fifteen 
hundred  dollars  .will  protect  the  enormous  monastery  for  a  long 
time  to  come.  The  rest  of  this  handsome  gift  to  the  public  will 
need  no  special  expenditures  at  present.  In  a  few  years  there  will 
be  no  out-of-the-way.  corners  in  Southern  California,  AVith  the 
growth  of  our  Good  Roads,  with  the  increasing  desire  of  our  visitors 
to  see  something  of  interest  besides  sky-scrapers  and  orange-groves, 
the  value  of  this  bequest  will  be  better  understood  from  year  to 
year.  The  Landmarks  Club  will  endeavor  to  make  immediate  re- 
pairs, trusting  to  the  same  public  spirit  which  has  already  put  in 
some  $4000  each  at  San  Fernando  and  San  Juan  Capistrano,  besides 
the  other  missions  repaired.  The  vital  thing  is  to  keep  these  splen- 
did landmarks  from  going  to  decay  at  once.  Later  years  and  later 
generations  may  elaborate,  but  they  will  have  no  monuments  to 
work  upon  unless  we  s^et  busy  now. 

La  Purisima  Concepcion  was  the  third  "channel  mission"  (that 
is.  of  the  establishments  along  the  Santa  Barbara  Channel)  and 
eleventh  in  order  among  all  the  missions  of  California.  As  early 
as  1870  it  was  decided  that  a  mission  should  be  founded  along  the 
channel  in  honor  of.  and  named  for,  the  immaculate  conception  of 
the  Virgin  Mary;  but  there  were  many  hindrances  in  those  early 
days,  and  this  mission  was  not  founded  until  1787.  On  December 
8th  of  that  year  (the  date  of  the  Feast  of  the  Immaculate  Concep- 
tion), Father  President  Lasuen  and  an  escort  from  Santa  Barbara 
founded  La  Purisima.  The  winter  rains  prevented  further  activity 
for  several  months,  but  in  March,  1788,  the  escort  returned  and 
erected  the  first  buildings.  The  Indian  name  of  the  locality  was 
Algsacupi.  In  April,  Father  President  Lasuen,  with  Fathers  Vi- 
cente Fuster  and  Jose  Arroita,  consecrated  the  buildings.  By  Aug- 
ust of  the  same  year  Fathers  Fuster  and  Arroita.  had  gathered 
seventy-nine  neophytes.  By  the  end  of  1790  there  had  been  301 
baptisms,  and  the  crop  of  grain  had  reached  1700  bushels.  It  was 
a  populous  region.  There  were  fifty  Indian  rancherias  in  the  dis- 
trict of  this  mission.  Father  Fuster  was  succeeded  in  1789  by 
Father  Cristobal  Oramas  from  Santa  Barbara.  Father  Arroita  was 
here   until   1796,   a  term  of  ten   vears,   and   then   retired.      Father 


SAVING  A   LANDMARK. 


723 


Oramas  remained  until  1792.  Successive  priests  in  charge  were 
Jose  Antonio  Calzada,  Juan  Martin,  Gregorio  Fernandez  (before 
1800)  ;  Mariano  Payeras,  Gregorio  Fernandez,  Juan  Cabot,  Geron- 
imo  Boscana,  and  Fathers  Tapis,  Ripoll,  UlHbarri,  Sanchez,  Rodri- 
guez, Vitoria,  de  la  Cuesta,  and  Moreno. 

By  1800  the  mission  had  baptized  1079,  and  the  neophytes  num- 
bered 959 — the  largest  proportional  gain  and  the  smallest  death 
rate  in  any  of  the  California  missions.  In  1800,  also,  the  cattle 
and  horses  numbered  1900 ;  the  sheep  and  other  stock,  4000 ;  the 
crops  had  reached  4000  bushels.  The  mission  was  a  good  deal 
troubled  by  bears  and  rattlesnakes — one  neophyte  was  bitten  by 
two  snakes  in  1799. 

A   considerable  church   was  completed   here   in    1802.      In    1804 


— Photo  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 
One  of  the  North  Walls 

there  were  1522  neophytes.  In  1810  the  crops  aggregated  5970 
bushels;  cattle  and  horses  numbered  10,015  (the  maximum  for  this 
mission)  ;  the  sheep  and  other  small  stock  (also  maximum),  10.042. 
This  mission  was  among  the  foremost  in  California  in  the  number 
and  prosperity  of  its  live  stock. 

In  1810  Father  I^ayeras  made  a  faithful  report,  which  is  still  of 
record,  concerning  the  mission.  Among  other  things  we  learn  from 
this  report  that  the  catechism  had  been  translated  into  the  native 
idiom. 

December  21,  1812,  the  great  earthquake  which  affected  prac- 
tically all  the  missions  of  California,  destroyed  the  church  and 
its  buildings,  and  100  houses  of  the   neophytes.     This  catastrophe 


^H 

.                   lii^JE*' 

^^^^^^^^^^H 

1                             -""-fisiSSr-r- 

•as. 

fi 

These  illustrations  are  reproduced  from 
They  show  the  swift  ruin  wrought  by  the 
my  pictures  were  taken. — C.  F.  L. 


photographs  taken  by  D.  Basil  W.  Alexander, 
elements  within  less  than  a  year  from  the  time 


726  our     WEST 

probably  marks  the  removal  of  the  mission  from  its  original  loca- 
tion near  the  present  town  of  Lompoc,  to  the  present  locality, 
which  was  then  known  to  the  Indians  as  Amun.  The  transfer 
was  made  in  March,  1813,  and  the  new  church  in  the  new  loca- 
tion was  finished  in  November,  1818.  We  lack  many  particulars, 
but  it  is  of  record  that  another  new  church  was  dedicated  Octo- 
ber 4,  1825.  This  is  probably  the  identical  building  now  trans- 
ferred to  the  Landmarks  Club.  On  the  24th  of  February,  1824, 
the  most  serious  Indian  revolt  in  the  history  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia l)roke  out  at  Santa  Ynez.  On  the  same  day  the  insurgent 
Indians,  under  the  leadership  of  Paccimo,  who  had  been  trained 
by  the  padres  as  a  cabinetmaker,  attacked  the  Mission  Purisima. 
A  corporal,  with  four  or  five  men,  defended  the  mission  all  night, 
but  their  power  gave  out  and  they  surrendered.  In  this  conflict 
four  Europeans  and  seven  Indians  were  killed.  The  California 
Indians,  however,  were  not  of  the  Apache  sort ;  and  the  soldiers 
and  their  families  were  allowed  to  depart  to  Santa  Ynez.  The 
priest,  Father  Rodriguez,  remained  behind  with  the  neophytes  and 
was  not  molested.  The  rebel  Indians  fortified  the  mission,  cutting 
loop-holes  in  the  church  and  mounting  old  cannon  which  had  been 
used  to  fire  salutes.  March  16th  the  little  Spanish  force  from  Mon- 
terey attacked  the  church  at  8  a.  m.  and  captured  it  at  10:30  a.  m. 
Three  Spaniards  >vere  wounded,  one  fatally;  sixteen  Indians  were 
killed  and  many  wounded.  After  a  judicial  inquiry,  seven  insurgent 
Indians  were  executed  for  murder,  and  four  ringleaders  of  the  revolt 
were  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  the  guard-house. 

In  1822  the  lands  of  this  mission  measured  fourteen  leagues  north 
and  south,  and  from  four  to  six  leagues  east  and  west.  These  were 
the  Spanish  leagues,  of  about  two  and  one-half  miles. 

In  1805  the  attempt  of  the  viceroy  of  Mexico  to  raise  hemp  in 
California  had  one  of  its  most  successful  experiments  at  this  mission. 

In  1835  the  property  of  this  mission  was  appraised  at  $62,000. 
The  mission  was  secularized  in  February,  1835.  In  1830  the  large 
cattle  numbered  13,000;  at  the  secularization  these  herds  were 
slaughtered  mercilessly  for  their  hides  and  tallow. 

In  March,  1843,  the  Mexican  Governor,  Micheltorena,  restored 
to  the  padres  this  mission  and  eleven  others ;  the  church  properties 
but  without  their  lands.  From  this  time  on,  under  the  oppressive 
measures  of  the  Mexican  government,  the  descent  of  the  mission 
was  rapid.  In  1844  there  were  left  but  200  neophytes.  There  was 
no  property  left,  and  no  lands  except  a  modest  vineyard.  Decem- 
ber 4,  1845,  the  mission  was  sold  by  the  government  to  John  Temple 
for  $1110.     Its  vicissitudes  since  are  less  important.    It  finally  found 


— Pholu  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 
The  Mysterious  Monu  ment 


728 


OUT    IVES  r 


its  wa}-  into  the  possession  of  the  foremost  of  those  modern  Ameri- 
can companies  whose  enterprise  has,  within  a  few  years,  made  Cali- 
fornia the  first  oil-producing  State  in  America. 


— Photo  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 
One  of  the  Pioneers  of  San  Pedro,  Thos.  Leggett;  Died  July  14,  1909. 


729 
THE  MIDDLE  OF  THi:  ISLAND 

By  ANNE  W.  PATTON 
T  WAS  a  wonderful  day,,  a  glowing,  glorious  day  when 
pulses  beat  high  and  one  felt  the  joy  of  life.  The  little 
town  of  Avalon,  on  the  Island  of  Santa  Catalina,  was 
astir  with  its  summer-crowd  of  merry,  care-free  people, 
and  the  half-moon  of  the  bay  was  alive  with  all  man- 
ner of  pleasure-craft,  from  the  magnificent  steam-yacht  to  the  tiny 
skifif.  Around  about  the  town  rose  the  hills,  brown  and  mellow  in 
the  summer  sunshine,  and  up  the  side  of  one  twisted  a  narrow  road. 
The  wharf,  putting  out  into  the  b.ay,  was  crowded  with  fishermen 
of  all  ages,  intent  upon  their  lines.  At  one  side  of  the  harbor, 
people  were  bathing,  and  their  shouts  and  laughter  mingled  with 
the  cries  of  the  gulls  circling  overhead.  With  the  sun.shine  on  the 
blue  waters,  it  was  a  scene  to  inspire  one  with  cheer ;  yet  a  little 
girl  coming  out  of  the  hotel  seemed  not  to  find  it  so.  She  was  a 
child  of  eight  or  nine,  small  and  fragile,  with  great  dark  eyes  and 
heavy  brown  curls.  Slowly  she  moved  along  the  broad  street, 
seeming  uncertain  where  to  go.  until  suddenly  her  glance  fell  on 
a  small  dog  trotting  by  and  her  face  instantly  brightened. 

"O  doggie,"  she  cried ;  "come  here  and  play.  I  am  so  lone- 
some." 

The  dog  sat  down  and  eyed  her  curiously,  but  when  she  had 
come  quite  near  he  sprang  up  and  ran  forward  a  little  way,  then 
waited  for  her  again,  repeating  this  performance  until  he  had  grad- 
ually led  her  down  the  street  and  out  upon  the  wharf.  She  fol- 
lowed, laughing  and  trying  to  pat  him  until  they  were  quite  near 
the  end  of  the  wharf,  when  suddenly  "doggie"  lost  all  interest  in 
her,  and,  running  to  a  small  boy,  began  leaping  upon  him  and 
barking. 

"Shut  up,  Blinks!  How  do  you  expect  a  fellow  to  fish  when  you 
do  that  ?"  cried  the  boy,  pushing  him  away. 

Blinks,  not  a  bit  discouraged,  returned  again  and  again  to  the 
attack,  while  his  former  playmate  watched  him  with  disappointed 
eyes.  At  la.st  the  boy  grew  impatient,  seized  Blinks  by  the  neck 
and  threw  him  off  the  wharf.  A  loud  splash  followed  and  the  girl 
uttered  a  scream. 

"Nothin'  to  cry  about ;  it  won't  hurt  him,"  the  boy  muttered,  turn- 
ing around. 

"O-h-he'Il  drown  !  How  could  you?"  and  the  child  came  forward 
to  peer  over.     Blinks  was  swimming  quietly  ashore. 

"Don't  you  worry;  he  won't  drown — he's  used  to  it,"  commented 
the  boy  as  he  rcbaited  his  hook. 

"You  were  a  horrid  bad  boy,  to  throw  him  in  like  that,"  the  little 
girl  answered. 


730  OUT     WEST 

"Teach  him  better  next  time." 

"Is  he  your  Httle  dog?" 

"Yep." 

"What's  his  name?" 

"BHnks ;  rotten  name,  all  right ;  my  aunt  gived  it  to  him." 

"I  think  it  is  cute." 

"Course ;  you  are  a  girl,"  came  the  answer  as  he  cast  his  line  and 
waited  anxiously  for  a  bite. 

The  little  girl  stood  watching  him  curiously,  while .  the  other 
people  on  the  wharf  who  had  been  amused  by  the  incident  went 
back  to  their  fishing.  Suddenly  there  came  a  tug  at  the  boy's  line, 
the  reel  buzzed  merrily  and  the  line  sped  away. 

"Gee !  he's  pullin',"  murmured  the  boy. 

The  little  girl  leaned  forward  eagerly,  her  lips  parted,  her  eyes 
intent  upon  the  rod.  After  a  short,  hard  battle  the  boy  pulled  in 
the  fish,  shining,  wonderful,  which  flopped  frantically  to  release 
itself  from  his  grasp  while  its  captor  removed  the  hook. 

"What  is  it?"  the  little  girl  asked  timidly. 

"Rock  bass ;  isn't  he  a  beauty  ?"  and  the  boy  held  up  the  fish. 

"Can  you  eat  him?" 

"Sure!"  he  answered;  then  after  a  pause,  "Say,  can  you  fish?" 

"I  never  tried." 

"Want  to?" 

"I  don't  know,"  and  the  maiden  looked  uncertainly  from  the  boy 
to  the  fish  and  back  again. 

"Come  on,  try,"  he  said.  "I'll  teach  you,  and  you  can  use  my 
rod."  The  lady  was  won.  "Sit  on  the  edge  and  hang  your  feet 
over,"  he  commanded.  She  looked  with  doubt  at  the  dirty  wharf 
and  then  at  her  clean  dress. 

"Can't  I  stand  up?"  she  asked. 

"Nope." 

The  dress  was  sacrificed  and  she  sat  down. 

"Now,"  her  instructor  explained,  "you  put  the  bait  on  like  this." 

"Oh!"  she  gasped,  shrinking;  "I — I   don't  want  to." 

"Don't  be  a  baby ;  the  bait's  dead."  he  replied  with  scorn.  Never- 
theless he  did  it  for  her.  Then  followed  careful  instructions  as  to 
how  to  hold  the  rod  and  use  the  reel  and  many  other  things.  At 
last  there  came  a  tug;  the  girl  screamed  and  nearly  dropped  the  rod. 

"Reel  him  in ;  don't  give  him  so  much  line ;  hold  up  the  rod !" 
shouted  the  boy,  and  his  companion  "played,"  with  flushed  cheeks 
and  bright  eyes,  "played"  and — lost  her  first  fish.  "He's  gone,"  she 
wailed  as  the  line  slackened. 

"Course;  what  did  you  expect?"  scornfully.  "When  a  chap  can't 
fish  he  loses  his  bait  and  his  fish — see?"  and  taking  the  rod  away 
he  commenced  reeliner  in  the  line. 


cr  -ME 
UNIVERSITY 

OF 

THB  MIDDLE   Of  THE  ISLAND.  731 

"I  am  sorry,"  said  the  little  girl,  her  eyes  full  of  tears. 

"Girls  never  can  do  anything  anyway;  1  might  have  known." 

"They  can,  too,"  she  flashed,  in  prompt  defense  of  her  sex.  "Be- 
sides, I  never  fished  before." 

"Sure,  but  you  oughtn't  to  scream  every  time  you  get  a  bite." 

"I  won't  next  time,  if  you  will  let  me  try  again," 

"I  haven't  much  bait  left,  but  maybe  you  can  snag  a  kelp-fish." 

"What  for?" 

"For  bait — say,  but  you  are  ignorant !" 

"I  never  fished  before,"  she  repeated,  smothering  a  desire  to 
scream  while  he  rebaited  her  hook. 

Blinks  had  returned  while  they  were  talking,  and  sat  some  dis- 
tance oflF,  with  his  head  cocked  on  one  side,  watching  his  master. 
When  the  fishing  lesson  had  progressed  for  some  time  and  another 
bass  lay  gasping  on  the  wharf.  Blinks  advanced  cautiously  and  was 
almost  upon  the  unheeding  pair  when  a  voice  behind  caused  him 
to  wheel  with  a  little  yap  of  welcome. 

"Why,  Blinky,  what  makes  you  so  wet?"  said  a  young  woman, 
stooping  to  pet. 

Blinks  pranced  joyously  around  her,  while  she  advanced  and  stood 
behind  the  children. 

"That's  it;  don't  give  him  too  much  line.  Bully  for  you!"  cried 
the  boy  as  he  watched  the  little  girl  land  a  fish, 

"O-h !"  screamed  the  young  lady,  stepping  back  as  the  fish  flopped, 
while  the  dog  barked  excitedly. 

"Hello,"  said  the  boy,  looking  up,  "I  guessed  you'd  be  here 
pretty  soon,  Aunt  Nell." 

"Yes ;  it's  late.     Pick  up  your  things  and  come,  Bobby." 

The  little  girl  scrambled  up  and  stared  at  the  new-comer. 

"These  are  yours,"  said  Bobby,  indicating  two  of  their  catch,  "If 
you  put  your  finger  through  their  gills  you  can  carry  them," 

"I — I  don't  want  to  touch  them,"  faltered  the  girl,  "Of  course 
not,"  exclaimed  Aunt  Nell,  "the  horrid  shiny  things !  Carry  them 
for  her,  Bobby," 

"Sure,"  the  boy  replied.  "I  didn't  know  she'd  mind.  Girls  are 
so  queer." 

"Don't  pay  any  attention  to  him,"  said  the  lady,  smiling,  "He's 
a  naughty  boy.     What  is  your  name,  dear?" 

"Helen  Martin,"  the  little  girl  replied. 

"Well,  Helen  dear,  I  am  sorry  to  stop  your  fishing,  but  Bobby 
must  come  for  lunch."  So  they  started  back,  with  Blinks  and  Bobby 
following  with  the  spoils.  Just  as  they  left  the  wharf  they  came 
upon  Mrs.  Martin  looking  wildly  for  Helen,  and  she  was  at  once 
handed  over  to  her. 

"I  have  been  worried  to  death,  daughter.    Where  have  you  been  ?" 


732  OUT    WEST 

Mrs.  Martin  asked  as  they  walked  off  together.  But  before  Helen 
could  answer,  Bobby  came  dashing  breathlessly  back. 

"Here's  your  fish,"  he  said,  "and — will  you  go  swimming  this 
afternoon  ?" 

"Yes,  if  I  may,"  Helen  answered,  glancing  at  her  mother. 

"Perhaps,  daughter,"  she  replied,  and  added  as  Bobby  hurried 
away,  "I  thought  you  were  afraid." 

"I  was,"  Helen  answered,     "But  I  am  not  any  more." 

That  was  the  beginning  of  a  happy  summer.  Helen,  a  lovely 
little  girl  with  no  companion,  was  attracted  by  the  merry  Bobby, 
and  Mrs.  Martin  found  his  aunt.  Miss  Cartwright,  a  most  congenial 
friend.  In  the  weeks  which  followed,  Helen  grew  plump  and  rosy, 
her  little  hands  were  brown,  she  baited  her  own  hook,  and  even 
mastered  the  art  of  swimming.  And  what  a  proud  day  it  was 
when  she  and  Bobby  were  allowed  to  go  rowing  alone  for  the  first 
time!  In  that  island  village,  with  its  lovely  harbor  protected  from 
wind  and  wave,  where  gentle  ripples  lap  the  shore  and  no  treacher- 
ous currents  were  to  be  feared,  what  could  be  more  natural  than 
that  the  children  might  wander  where  they  chose?  What  harm 
could  befall?  So  thought  Mrs.  Martin,  who  rejoiced  to  see  her 
little  girl  so  happy,  and  so  thought  Miss  Cartwright  and  her  mother, 
who  had  charge  of  Bobby  while  his  parents  traveled.  Yet  who  can 
fathom  the  strange  workings  of  the  infant  mind  ? 

It  was  a  gorgeous  moon-lit  evening.  The  children  had  been  al- 
lowed to  sit  up  to  see  the  fireworks  which  always  welcomed  the  last 
boat  from  the  main-land  on  Saturdays,  and  they  were  seated  on  the 
hotel  porch  while  their  elders  played  cards  inside. 

"Do  you  know  where  that  road  goes?"  Helen  asked  suddenly, 
pointing  toward  the  hillside. 

"Yep,  clear  to  the  middle  of  the  island,"  Bobby  answered. 

"I'd  like  to  see  the  middle,"  Helen  murmured. 

"So  would  I,"  Bobby  declared,  screwing  up  his  eyes. 

"I  wonder  if  it's  far?" 

"We  might  ask  Aunt  Nell." 

"She'd  say  we  couldn't  go  then." 

"Do  you  want  to  go,  Helen  ?" 

"Yes,"  Helen  said,  suddenly  sitting  up  and  pushing  back  her  dark 
curls.     "I  do." 

"Let's,  then!     We  would  take  some  lunch,  and  Blinks,  and — " 

"Mother'd  never  let  me,"  Helen  said  with  conviction. 

For  a  moment  even  Bobby  seemed  subdued  by  this.  Suddenly 
he  brightened.  "I  tell  you  what,"  he  cried ;  "let's  not  tell — at  least 
not  till  we  get  back." 

"O-h,  that  wouldn't  be  right !     Besides,  I—" 

"Of  course,  if  you  are  a  'fraid  cat,"  he  cried  with  scorn. 


THE  MIDDLE   OF  THE  ISLAND.  733 

'Tmnot." 

"Then  you'll  go?" 

"Y-yes." 

"Monday?" 

"So  soon?    We  said  we'd  fish  Monday,"  she  pleaded. 

"Monday's  best,  because  they"  (he  always  spoke  thus  of  his  aunt 
and  Mrs.  Martin)  "are  going  to  play  bridge  at  Mrs.  Smith's.  So 
if  you're  not  afraid — " 

"Children  dear,  it  is  bed-time,"  Mrs.  Martin's  voice  interrupted. 
Helen  rose  obediently. 

"Will  you?"  Bobby  asked. 

"Yes."  There  was  no  hesitation  now.  She  would  have  died 
rather  than  be  called  a  "  'fraid  cat"  again. 

Dame  Nature  seemed  to  smile  at  their  intended  prank,  for  Monday 
dawned  bright  and  beautiful.  A  glorious  sky  of  deepest  blue  spread 
out  above,  and  a  sparkling  "sapphire  sea"  circled  the  Island  of 
Santa  Catalina  and  turned  all  people  forth  upon  its  bosom.  Even 
Bobby  felt  a  pang  of  regret  at  giving  up  his  fishing,  and  had  to 
remind  himself  continually  of  the  wonders  which  of  necessity  must 
lie  hidden  in  that  strange  place,  "the  Middle  of  the  Island."  He 
and  Helen  took  some  much-ripened  fruit,  some  indigestible  cakes 
and  a  bottle  of  water,  and  set  out  up  the  mysterious  road,  as  soon 
as  the  unsuspicious  "grown-ups"  had  left  for  "luncheon  and  bridge." 

The  road  was  steep  and  the  day  warm,  so  that  by  the  time  they 
reached  the  top  of  the  first  hill  they  were  glad  to  rest.  The  view 
from  there  was  magnificent,  showing  not  alone  the  harbor  and  a 
long  line  of  rugged  irregular  coast,  but  far  away  across  the  channel 
one  could  see  the  main-land  of  California  and  the  mountains  of  the 
Coast  Range,  blue  and  lovely  in  the  distance. 

"It's  awfully  pretty,  isn't  it?"  Helen  sighed. 

"You  bet,  and  hot,  too !" 

"Shall  we  drink  some  water?"  he  asked,  holding  out  the  bottle. 

"Yes,  I'm  awful  thirsty,  and  it  will  make  it  lighter,  anyway," 
Bobby  said,  reaching  for  it.  There  was  a  crash  and  the  precious 
bottle  fell,  and  the  water  was  absorbed  by  the  greedy  brown  earth. 

Both  children  were  too  dismayed  either  to  speak  or  to  blame  each 
other;  they  only  stared  at  the  ruin  until  Bobby's  cheerful  nature 
asserted  itself  and  he  said:  "Never  mind,  Helen;  we'll  probably 
find  some  stream,  and  anyway,  we've  got  the  fruit." 

Again  they  started  forward,  and  in  a  little  while  Avalon  and  the 
ocean  were  hidden  from  their  view  and  they  were  alone  with  the 
mountains.  Scrub-oak  and  berry-bushes  covered  the  hills,  and 
patches  of  cactus  with  its  red  fruit  warned  one  not  to  fall.  Blinks 
found  the  flocks  of  quail  most  disconcerting  when  they  flew  up 
suddenly  with  a  great  whissing  of  wings,  and  he  much  preferred 


734  OUT    WEST 

an  old  and  ragged  sheep  which  ran  before  them  up  the  road  for 
some  time.  Once  a  band  of  wild  goats  appeared  on  an  opposite 
slope,  and  Helen  exclaimed: 

"Oh !  Bobby,  look !     I  wonder  how  they  came  here  ?" 

"The  Spaniards  left  them  when  they  first  discovered  Catalina," 
he  .explained,  proud  of  his  knowledge,  and  then  added  boastfully, 
"Wish  I  had  a  gun ;  I'd  kill  one  of  those  fellows." 

"Could  you  hit  them  so  far?" 

He  did  not  deign  a  reply,  merely  withering  her  with  a  glance  of 
scorn.  It  was  a  long  time  to  the  summit,  and  though  she  would 
not  admit  it,  Helen  was  getting  very  tired. 

"It'll  be  down  hill  now,"  said  Bobby,  as  he  saw  the  road  begin 
to  descend.  "Suppose  we  take  a  short  cut  over  this  knoll  and  meet 
the  road  on  the  other  side." 

"Would  we  meet  it,  do  you  think  ?"  Helen  asked  doubtfully ;  for, 
though  she  had  changed  much  during  the  summer,  she  was  still  at 
heart  a  timid  child. 

"Sure  we'll  get  on  the  road  again,  and  it'll  save  lots  of  time," 
Bobby  assured  her,  and  they  set  out  once  more. 

The  sun  was  high  now  and  very  warm.  Blinks  was  panting,  and 
Helen's  feet  dragged  wearily;  even  Bobby's  spirits  were  depressed. 

"Suppose,"  said  Helen,  pausing  in  the  shade  of  a  berry-bush, 
"suppose  we  eat  the  fruit  now  and  don't  wait  till  we  get  to  the 
middle  of  the  island."  Bobby  nodded,  and  the  thing  was  settled. 
Down  they  sat  on  the  dry  brown  grass  and  ate  the  fruit  that  was  no 
longer  fresh,  and  the  indigestible  cake,  with  great  relish.  Blinks 
getting  his  portion  with  the  rest. 

"I  wish  we  had  some  water,"  Helen  sighed. 

"So  do  I."  Bobby's  tone  was  drowsy,  as  he  lay  full-length  on 
the  ground.  Helen  yawned  and  leaned  against  the  bank.  Some 
crows  flew  by,  cawing ;  a  lamb  bleated  somewhere  on  the  hill ;  then 
silence,  and  the  tired  little  wanderers  were  asleep. 

After  a  little.  Blinks  went  off  hunting.  He  was  gone  some  time, 
yet  when  he  returned  the  children  were  still  sleeping.  Blinks  eyed 
them  curiously,  then  trotted  up  to  Helen  and  licked  her  face.  She 
awoke  with  a  start,  calling  Bobby.     He  sat  up,  rubbing  his  eyes. 

"We  must  have  been  asleep,"  he  said. 

"Yes,  and  it's  getting  late ;  we  will  have  to  hurry,"  Helen  ex- 
claimed. Bobby  agreed  and  they  started  on,  but  the  enthusiasm  of 
the  morning  was  gone  and  they  were  both  tired.  After  a  while  they 
mounted  the  crest  of  a  hill  and  were  dismayed  to  see  a  great  bank 
of  fog  rolling  in  from  the  sea. 

"Look!"  gasped  Bobby.  "I  bet  that's  cold!  We'd  better  find 
the  road  and  go  back.     There's  nothing  to  see  over  here,  anyway." 

"I  wish  we  were  home.     I  am  awfully  thirsty,  and  sleepy,  and 


THE  MIDDLE   OF  THE  ISLAND.  735 

hungry,  too,"  Helen  said  dolefully,  looking  about  her  with  tragic 
eyes,  "and  my  foot  hurts  and  there  isn't  anything  to  see." 

"We'll  find  the  road  soon,"  consoled  Bobby. 

The  "soon"  proved  a  mistake,  however,  for  each  hill  looked 
exactly  like  its  neighbor  and  there  appeared  no  road  save  only  a 
narrow  steep  trail,  lacing  the  mountain-side  back  and  forth.  The 
dead  grass  was  slippery  and  the  fog  was  drifting  down  and  about 
them,  filling  the  ravine  and  obscuring  the  hilltops. 

"We'll  never  get  home,"  Helen  sobbed  at  last  as  another  hill  was 
climbed,  and  still  no  sign ;  only  the  fog  was  nearer  now,  its  chill 
breath  was  in  her  face.  "We're  lost,  and  it's  all  your  fault;  we'll 
die  and  nobody'll  ever  find  us."  She  sat  down  on  a  large  stone 
and  began  to  cry  in  good  earnest. 

Bobby  looked  at  her  hopelessly.  Like  all  men,  he  was  utterly 
helpless  before  tears.  "It's  not  my  fault,"  he  said  sullenly,  "and 
crying  won't  find  the  road." 

Helen  only  sobbed  the  louder,  covering  her  face  with  her  dirty 
little  hands. 

Blinks  whined  also,  and  Bobby  turned  on  him  in  fury.  "Shut  up, 
you  cur!     Do  you  hear  me — shut  up!" 

Helen  looked  up  in  surprise,  and  forgot  to  weep.  Bobby  turned 
to  her  appealingly.  "Come  on,  Helen,"  he  said.  "We've  got  to 
find  the  road  before  the  fog  gets  so  thick  we  can't  see.  Please 
come  on." 

"I  c-can't.    I — I'm  too  tired,"  she  answered,  returning  to  her  tears. 

Bobby  faced  her  angrily.  A  swirl  of  fog  came  down,  the  fore- 
runner of  the  main  body.  Bobby  was  very  young,  but  he  knew 
what  it  meant  to  be  lost  in  a  fog.  "Helen,  are  you  coming  or  aren't 
you?"  he  asked  sharply. 

"I  can't,"  she  answered  with  a  sob. 

"Then  good-bye,  because  I'm  going.  Come,  Blinks !"  and  the  boy 
terror  strode  off. 

Now  he  had  really  no  intention  of  leaving  her,  but  the  girl  did 
not  know  this,  and  when  she  realized  that  he  was  gone,  and  she  was 
alone  in  a  great  white  sea  of  vapor,  a  chill  of  terror  shot  through 
her,  and  her  tears  and  lamentation  ceased. 

"Bobby!"  she  cried  pitifully,  and  set  out  after  him.  "Bobby,  I'll 
come !     Wait  for  me !" 

But  the  boy  kept  on,  and  it  was  not  until  she  was  beside  him  and 
had  sHpped  her  hand  in  his  that  he  gave  any  sign  of  knowing  she 
was  there.  Then  he  said :  "Brace  up,  Helen !  I  believe  we're  al- 
most on  the  road.     Come  this  way." 

They  scrambled  through  the  brush,  paused  at  the  top  of  a  bank, 
and  Bobby  gave  a  glad  cry.  Below  them  wound  the  light  beaten 
ground  of  the  stage-road!     Yes,  it  was  the  road — but  which  way 


736  OUT    WEST 

lay  Avalon?  Bobby  looked  at  his  companion,  her  face  dirty,  her 
dark  hair  disheveled,  and  her  great  dark  eyes  fixed  trustingly  upon 
him.     He  felt  very  old  and  grave  and  knew  his  responsibilities. 

"Come,  Helen,"  he  said;  "we  will  go  this  way  to  Avalon,"  and 
she,  unquestioning,  went  with  him.  He  was  the  leader,  and  of 
course  he  knew  the  road.  Eager  to  reach  it,  they  started  hastily 
down  the  slope,  but  the  yellow  grass  of  the  summer-time  was  slippery 
and  treacherous.  Their  tired  little  feet  could  scarcely  support  them ; 
so,  clinging  to  each  other,  they  scrambled  along,  striking  stones,  and 
grasping  at  the  bushes  for  support,  Bobby  manfully  doing  his  best 
to  assist  his  little  companion.  Suddenly  he  gave  a  cry.  One  foot 
had  caught  in  a  projecting  root,  while  the  other  slipped  forward, 
giving  a  wrench  to  the  imprisoned  ankle.  The  pain  was  overpower- 
ing to  the  already  worn-out  youth.  Helen  was  terrified  at  first  by 
her  companion's  cry ;  then,  seeing  what  had  happened,  bravely  tried 
to  help,  but  she  had  enough  to  do  to  keep  herself  from  falling. 
Finally,  by  grasping  a  stout  shrub,  Bobby  drew  himself  up,  and 
released  the  foot,  but  the  dreadful  pain  continued. 

What  should  they  do,  what  could  they  do  now?  The  injured 
foot  made  Bobby  afraid  to  move.  Helen  began  to  realize  that  she 
was  now  the  mainstay  of  the  expedition.  The  little  girl  who  had 
been  so  timid  and  dependent  a  few  short  moments  before,  now  that 
responsibility  was  thrust  upon  her  began  to  think  harder  than  she 
had  ever  before  thought  in  her  short  life.  Could  she  go  on  alone? 
Bobby  could  not  move.  They  would  have  to  stay  perhaps  all  night 
on  the  lonely  mountain-side.  Bobby  might  die  of  the  pain — Oh, 
dreadful  thought!  Helen  tried  to  remember  all  the  tales  of  the 
heroes  that  her  mother  had  read  or  told  to  her.  They  did  not  give 
way  to  fear  when  they  went  forth  to  their  deeds  of  valor,  and 
they  must  have  been  just  a  little  bit  afraid — sometimes. 

"Bobby"  (the  little  voice  was  trembling).  "Bobby,  how  do  you 
feel?" 

"Awful !  This  foot  is  just  about  killing  me.  Can't  you  do  some- 
thing, Helen?  Try  shouting.  A  vaquero  might  be  around  here 
looking  for  horses." 

"Bobby,  I'm  going  to  Avalon  to  get  help." 

"Why,  Helen,  you'll  never  do  it,  and  besides,  you  are  afraid." 

"Yes,  I  will  do  it,  and  I  will  not  be  afraid." 

Bobby,  too  astounded  to  protest  further,  watched  her  slow  and 
careful  progress  down  the  bank  until  the  road  was  safely  reached. 
The  light  was  beginning  to  fade,  and  the  short  Californian  twilight 
was  coming  on  as  Helen  started  in  the  direction  Bobby  had  earlier 
settled  upon  as  the  right  one. 

Bobby  watched  in  amazement  for  some  time  the  forlorn  little 
figure  sturdily  marching  down  the  road  with  head  erect.     Beside 


THE  MIDDLE   OF  THE   ISLAND.  737 

her  trotted  the  little  dog,  who  had  elected  to  follow  her.  Was  it 
his  belief  that  she  had  the  greater  need  of  him,  or  the  natural  in- 
stinct of  self-preservation? 

As  Helen  got  farther  and  farther  away,  Bobby's  thoughts  returned 
to  his  foot.  Why!  it  really  felt  better.  "Maybe  it  will  be  well 
before  long,"  he  said  to  himself.  A  few  minutes  more  and  he 
decided  to  move  it.  It  did  not  seem  so  bad  after  all.  Impatience 
and  loneliness  then  caused  him  to  try  moving  slowly  down  the  slope, 
and  to  his  surprise  he  actually  got  to  the  road  without  much  pain. 
Then  he  tried  standing,  and  found  that  his  foot  would  endure  a 
little  pressure. 

"Helen !  Helen !"  If  he  could  only  make  her  hear  him !  A  little 
louder,  a  few  minutes'  wait,  then  a  figure  appeared  from  around  a 
bend  in  the  road. 

Oh,  the  joy  of  that  return,  and  to  find  that  Bobby  could  walk, 
if  but  slowly,  and  they  could  go  together  down  the  fast  darkening 
road !  But  little  Helen  had  proved  herself ;  no  more  could  she  be 
called  a  "  'fraid  cat." 

It  was  growing  dark  in  Avalon  when  Mrs.  Martin  and  Miss  Cart- 
wright  at  last  left  the  bridge  party  and  returned  to  the  hotel. 

"The  children  will  wonder  what  has  become  of  us,"  Mrs.  Martin 
remarked. 

"Probably  they  will  not  have  missed  us,"  Miss  Cartwright  an- 
swered, more  truthfully  than  she  knew. 

They  reached  the  hotel,  but  found  no  children  there ;  they  went 
out  on  the  wharf ;  they  went  to  the  golf  club ;  they  asked  the  fisher- 
men ;  but  go  where  they  would  and  look  where  they  would  there 
were  no  children,  nor  any  trace  of  them,  and  night  was  coming  on. 

"What  shall  we  do?"  cried  Bobby's  aunt.  "I  am  afraid  to  tell 
Mother.     What  shall  I  do?" 

"They  must  be  here  somewhere."  Mrs.  Martin  tried  to  hide  her 
fear.     "They  haven't  taken  the  boat,  so  they  must  be  on  land." 

Up  and  down  they  hunted,  but  all  to  no  purpose.  It  grew  quite 
dark,  the  lights  of  the  little  town  twinkled  out,  the  moon  rose  round 
and  yellow ;  only  on  the  hill-tops  the  fog  lay  cold  and  white. 

"What  shall  we  do?"  sighed  Miss  Cartwright,  her  eyes  anxiously 
searching  the  darkness. 

Suddenly  she  gave  a  joyous  exclamation  and  sprang  forward. 

Into  the  circle  of  light  before  the  hotel  came  three  weary  figures, 
one  a  little  girl,  one  a  little  boy,  and  one  a  little  white  dog. 

"Oh,  Helen !"  and  Mrs.  Martin  was  straining  her  baby  to  her 
heart. 

"Gee !  I'm  tired,"  Bobby  sighed  as  his  head  sank  on  his  aunt's 
shoulder,  "and — and  there  isn't  any  middle  to  this  island." 

Pasadena,  Gal. 


738 

Republished  by  request 

SARTOR  RESARTUS 

(While  the  train  stops  at  Albuquerque.) 

THE  Pretty  Widow : 
"Ah,  what  a  quaint  and  interesting  place ! 
Are  you  quite  certain  that  the  train  won't  start?" 
The  Professor: 

"Ten  minutes  yet.     'Tis  pleasant  thus  to  pace 
The  platform — and  with  such  a  kindred  heart!" 
The  Pretty  Widow: 

"Such  striking  types  one  sees  on  every  hand! 

Here  the  intrusive  Yankee,  there  the  Don — 
The  lord  and  the  usurper  of  the  land — 
And  furtive  peons  smoking  on  and  on !" 
The  Professor: 

"Ah,  by  your  side — " 
The  Pretty  Widow: 

"Ooh!    What  a   sweet  papoose 

Slung  on  its  tawny  mother's  back !     And  there 
That  stalwart  brave — great  Cooper !     What  a  use ! 
The  Noble  Red  Man  peddling  pottery- ware !" 
The  Professor: 

"Would  I  might  ever  stray — " 
The  Pretty  Widow: 
"Ah,  what  a  Man! 

I  mean  yon  cowboy — what  embodied  force! 
What  chest  and  neck,  and  what  a  lovely  tan ! 

And  such  queer  leathern — overalls,  of  course!" 
"I  love  a  Man—" 
The  Professor: 

"I  think  we'd  best  go  back." 
The  Pretty  Widow: 

"He  looks  so  out-of-doors !     So  brave,  so — hard !" 
The  Professor: 

"But  hear  his  speech !    How  cultureless  and  slack ! 
'Hello,  old  maverick!     How  they  comin',  pard?'" 
The  Pretty  Widow: 

"Well,  I  don't  care !     He's  lovely !    And  I  hate—" 
The  Professor  (savagely)  : 

"Those  who  do  not  so  ignorantly  speak 
As  your  Eureka?" 
The  Cowboy: 

"Sir,  the  aspirate! 

You'll  find  the  word's  Heureka  in  the  Greek !" 
The  Professor  (quite  losing  himself)  : 
"Were  you  at  Squantum  University, 
I'd  beat  some  information  into  you !" 
The  Cowboy  (blandly)  : 

"Thanks,  awfully!     I  collared  one  degree, 
Summa  cum  laude,  Harvard  '82 !" 

Chas.  F.  Lummis,  in  Puck. 


739 

the:  fabulous 

By  R.  C.  PITZER 
CHAPTER  VI. 
JUNE. 
UKE  sat  up  and  rubbed  his  eyes.     The  newly  arrived 
larks  were  at  it,  fifing  in  the  dawn,  until  the  valley 
itself  seemed  to  be  melodiously  singing.     The  eastern 
sky   was   one   flush   of   sanguine.     Luke   turned   and 
glanced  at  Dow  where  the  mountaineer  lay,  hushed 
and  silent,  under  the  blankets,  while  in  the  dead  abandonment  of 
sleep  his  face  stared,  white  and  Sphinx-like. 

The  tenderfoot  crept  from  the  tent,  dressed,  and  went  to  the  river 
bank.  The  air  was  wintry,  the  water  flowed  icily  cold  and  clear, 
bank  high,  with  swiftly  passing  bubbles.  Southward,  a  thin  blue 
stream  of  smoke  curled  into  the  still  air  from  over  the  crest  of  a 
knoll,  and  Luke,  having  washed  his  face  in  the  snow-water,  deter- 
minedly turned  toward  the  butte  and  the  camp  of  mysterious 
strangers.  He  had  not  slept  well,  despite  his  fatigue.  Strange  and 
far-fetched  suspicions  had  haunted  his  mind  through  the  night,  and 
in  the  cold  morning  he  suddenly  made  up  his  mind  to  investigate 
and  learn  once  for  all  whether  any  of  the  odd  fancies  that  troubled 
him  were  well  founded.  That  there  were  desperate  and  criminal 
men  in  the  district,  he  was  but  too  well  aware;  but  it  is  never  the 
professed  outlaw  who  is  the  most  dangerous.  If  Dow's  conjecture 
should  prove  correct,  Tracey  would  bear  watching. 

With  these  hazy  ideas  flitting  through  his  mind,  Luke  went 
briskly.  The  sharp  air  sent  his  blood  racing,  until  he  walked  with 
a  lilt,  too  intoxicated  with  the  dawn  thoroughly  to  realize  the  danger 
of  his  quest.  He  had  not  gone  far,  however,  when  he  stO])ped  with 
an  audible  exclamation  of  disappointment.  Through  the  haze  that 
covered  the  bog  he  faintly  distinguished  three  black  specks  moving 
westward,  one  directly  behind  the  other,  as  if  they  were  galloping 
down  some  narrow  trail.  Dad  Welcome  was  so  far  right,  at  least, 
for  whether  they  had  been  deliberately  following  or  not,  it  was 
evident  that  three  men  had  been  on  the  trail  during  the  preceding 
day,  and  had  camped  at  the  far  side  of  the  mound,  presumably  safe 
from  observation.  A  shout  from  the  distant  tent  attracted  Luke's 
attention,  and  he  turned  to  see  Dow  running  toward  him  in  his  bare 
feet.  Luke  lifted  a  hand  and  pointed  at  the  vanishing  figures,  and 
Dow  stopped. 

"I  was  going  to  see  who  they  are,"  Luke  said,  when  he  came  up 
with  his  companion.     "I  wanted  to  be  sure  about  Tracey." 

"You're  a  warm  member,"  Dow  grunted,  retreating  to  the  tent. 
"Want  a  bullet  in  your  gullet?     Suppose  you  had  dropped  in  on 


740  OUT    WBST 

Pickett,  and  that  little  lean  gun-man  you  told  me  about  ?    I'd  have 
had  a  nice  report  to  give  to  Dad." 

"There  wouldn't  have  been  any  trouble,"  Luke  boasted;  "and, 
anyway,  I  know  how  to  take  care  of  myself." 

"Uh-huh,  I've  noticed."  But  the  morning  air,  or  his  own  pleasant 
thoughts,  smoothed  Dow's  cheeks,  and  he  smiled  indulgently.  "You'll 
learn,"  he  said.  "It  takes  time.  'Butt  in'  is  a  fine  business  motto, 
but  it's  not  a  golden  rule  for  the  hills.  No  matter  who  the  men 
are,  if  they  know  of  your  map  would  they  have  held  you  up?  1 
reckon  if  you'd  walked  away,  it  would  have  been  without  your  clue 
to  the  Fabulous." 

"But  I  wasn't  fool  enough  to  take  that  with  me,"  Luke  returned. 
"If  I  had  had  the  envelope,  I'd  have  been  more  careful." 

Dow  veiled  his  eyes.  "I  take  it  all  back,"  he  cried.  "You're  not 
as  green  as  you  look.  But  do  you  think  it  was  quite  safe  to  leave 
it,  either?  I  might  have  chucked  it  in  the  river  without  know- 
ing it." 

"No  fear,"  Luke  smiled.  "And  now,  shall  we  get  breakfast? 
I'm  as  fit  as  a  fiddle.     How  long  a  ride  is  it  to  the  ranch-house  ?" 

"A  matter  of  six  or  eight  miles.  Yeh,  we'll  chaw.  Start  the 
fire  while  I  mix  up  the  bread.  Better  go  over  and  call  Welcome, 
too;  we'll  have  him  to  breakfast.  And  fetch  me  a  bucket  of  water, 
will  you?" 

Luke  blew  the  fire  into  a  blaze,  gathered  dry  wood,  and  trotted 
to  and  fro,  humming.  The  sun  came  up  in  the  east,  the  mist  of 
the  valley  slowly  faded,  and  the  larks,  with  a  final  chorus  of  music, 
grew  comparatively  quiet.  Dad  Welcome  lay  under  his  wagon, 
rolled  in  blue  bedding,  with  only  the  bald  knob  of  his  head  pro- 
truding. Luke  shouted  Dow's  invitation  to  breakfast,  and  Welcome 
grunted  an  acceptance  without  disclosing  his  features.  Returning 
from  this  errand^  Luke  found  Dow  sitting  on  their  tumbled  blankets, 
calmly  spooning  a  mass  of  dough  in  a  pan. 

"And  now,"  Dow  suggested,  "you'd  better  hike  after  the  stock. 
I  see  they've  grazed  east  with  Welcome's  horses.  By  the  time  you 
get  back  with  them,  breakfast  should  be  about  ready.  Just  take 
oflF  the  hobbles,  climb  on  your  horse,  and  drive  the  bunch  up." 

"Might  have  said  that  before,"  Luke  grunted.  He  eyed  one  of 
the  pack-boxes  with  reluctance,  but  turned  and  retraced  his  steps 
to  Welcome's  wagon.  The  horses  and  burros  were  farther  down 
the  river,  and  after  exchanging  a  pleasant  greeting  with  the  old 
man,  Luke  went  on,  overtook  the  animals,  and  herded  them  to 
the  camp.  There  he  found  Welcome  and  Dow  awaiting  him,  and, 
making  a  hasty  excuse,  he  entered  the  tent  after  the  envelope  which 
contained  his  letter  and  map.  The  night  before  he  had  hastily 
thrust  it  into  a  pack-box  at  his  head,  and,  as  he  told  Dow,  he  had 


THE   FABULOUS.  741 

not  taken  the  papers  on  his  walk  in  the  dawn.  Since  then  he  had 
had  no  opportunity  to  resume  his  property  without  Dow's  knowledge, 
and  though  Luke  no  longer  actually  distrusted  his  companion,  he  was 
cautious  not  to  flutter  the  map  under  a  Western  nose.  He  had, 
when  too  late,  decided  implicitly  to  follow  Jake  Scammel's  advice, 
and  tell  the  son  nothing.  It  had  seemed  to  the  Chicagoan  that 
Dow  was  perhaps  a  trifle  too  inquisitive  regarding  that  map;  and, 
having  confessed  that  he  did  not  have  it  on  his  person,  he  subse- 
quently grew  anxious  regarding  it.  It  had  even  seemed  to  him 
that  Dow  made  for  him  unnecessarily  long  errands  to  keep  him 
away  from  the  tent. 

Thrusting  his  hand  in  the  pack-box,  Luke  was  relieved  to  find 
the  envelope  safely  where  it  had  been  hidden,  and,  putting  it  in  his 
purse,  he  returned  to  the  men  with  renewed  good  humor. 

Dow,  too,  felt  cheerful  and  optimistic.  His  long  face  was 
wreathed  with  smiles,  and  he  gossiped  of  the  hills,  narrated  stories, 
humorous,  tragical,  and  gargoylean,  giving  more  than  one  glimpse 
of  the  innate  vulgarity  of  his  mind. 

Breakfast  finished,  and  the  dishes  washed  and  packed,  Welcome 
retreated  to  his  wagon  while  Dow  and  Luke  struck  camp  and  began 
loading  the  burros.  By  eight  o'clock  they  were  riding  down  the 
broad,  white  trail  side  by  side,  the  burros  following  in  single  file 
and  with  resigned  and  drooping  ears.  But  they  had  not  gone  very 
far  when  Dow  pulled  up  with  an  inarticulate  exclamation,  half  rose 
in  his  saddle,  and  stared  straight  ahead  with  parted  lips,  pallid 
cheeks,  and  an  expression  of  irresolution,  of  suspense,  of  vacillating 
hope  and  doubt  twitching  his  face. 

Luke  saw  that  two  horses  had  rounded  a  low  hill  and  were  canter- 
ing down  the  trail  toward  him.  Alarmed  by  Dow's  odd  aspect, 
Luke's  heart  suddenly  began  pumping,  and  mental  images  of  the 
weasel-face  of  little  Josephus,  of  Tracey's  skeptical  countenance,  of 
bearded  outlaw  visages,  for  a  second  obscured  his  sight. 

"June!"  Dow  half  gasped,  fingering  his  throat,  and  immediately 
Luke  saw  that  one  of  the  riders  was  a  woman. 

They  came  up  rapidly.  Luke  had  no  knowledge  of  June  Down- 
ing's  companion ;  indeed,  he  but  conceived  a  confused  idea  of  the 
girl's  somewhat  masculine  appearance,  as  she  rode  easily  astride 
with  gray  corduroy  skirts  whipping  her  mare,  a  black  tie  fluttering 
over  her  shoulder,  and  a  broad  and  fanciful  sombrero  shading  her 
brown  face.  When  she  drew  up  beside  Dow,  Luke's  eyes  met  hers 
for  one  flashing  instant,  and  in  that  breath  eyes,  face  and  expression 
became  an  ineradicable  memory, 

Dow  had  his  hat  in  his  hand,  and  his  lips  twitched  as  he  greeted 
the  girl.  "So  very  glad  to  see  you,"  he  stammered  twice  over ;  and 
then,  to  cover  his  confusion,  he  resumed  his  hat  and  turned  toward 


742  OUT    WEST 

Luke.     "Miss  Downing,"  he  said,  formally,  "let  me  present  a  friend, 
Mr.  Luke  Winne." 

"Pleased  to  meet  you,"  Luke  fatuously  said.  "I — er — I've  heard 
much  of  you.  Miss  Downing."  Again  their  eyes  met,  and  Luke's 
emotional  embarrassment  threatened  to  rival  Dow's.  The  girl 
barely  acknowledged  the  introduction  by  a  slight  elevation  of  her 
chin.  There  was  something  cold  and  hostile  in  her  appraising 
glance,  and  a  slight  expression  of  disfavor  touched  her  broad  mouth. 
She  turned  to  Dow  again,  ignoring  Luke's  presence. 

"You  saw  Daddie  Welcome?"  she  asked.  She  had  a  deep  con- 
tralto voice  that,  despite  its  coldness,  struck  on  Luke's  ear.  "One 
of  the  boys  met  him  yesterday." 

"Yes,"  Dow  returned,  clearing  his  throat.  "Can't  you  say  you 
are  glad  to  see  me,  June?" 

"Possibly,"  she  answered,  giving  him  a  limp  hand.     "We'll  see. 

But  I  didn't  know  you  were  coming  home  today.     This  is  merely 

my  morning  gallop.     1  came  this  way  in  order  to  see  Welcome." 

"He's  behind  us,"  Dow  said,  and  hemmed  again,  surveying  Luke 

cat-like,  with  anything  but  a  pleasant  glare. 

Luke  felt  himself  in  some  sort  an  interloper.  He  was  in  a 
decidedly  false  position,  and  his  cheeks  glowed  with  resentment  at 
June's  careless  or  studied  attitude  toward  him,  obviously  ignoring 
his  very  existence.  He  looked  about  in  an  angry  confusion,  and 
saw  that  June's  companion  had  ridden  behind  the  burros  and  was 
there  silently  following.  Luke  drew  rein  at  once  and  allowed  the 
ranchers  to  precede  him,  but  the  girl  did  not  notice  him  even  then. 
She  turned  to  Dow  with  a  sudden  gesture. 

"Once  for  all,"  Luke  heard  her  say,  "we  must  have  a  clear  under- 
standing of  our  positions.  I  told  Mr.  Scammel  that  I  had  no  ob- 
jection to  your  returning  as  his  assistant — as  his  assistant,"  she 
repeated  with  emphasis,  "providing  you  dropped  your  former  asso- 
ciates absolutely." 

Dow  growled  an  inaudible  reply,  and  June  leaned  forward  with 
a  delightfully  pleasant  movement,  staring  at  his  half-averted  face. 
"Very  well,"  she  said,  giving  him  her  hand  again,  "if  you  promise 
that.  But  remember,  you  must  cut  these  vampires  and  drunkards, 
once  for  all."  Her  head  went  back  with  a  bird-like  jerk,  as  if 
punctuating  her  command  by  an  implied  gesture  toward  Dow's 
partner. 

Luke,  with  a  very  red  face,  joined  the  tail  of  the  train,  turning 

his  horse  into  the  path  beside  June's  companion ;  and  as  he  met  the 

rider,  Luke  for  the  jfirst  time  saw  that  it  was  no  man,  but  a  thin, 

dwarfish,  half-grown  boy. 

The  boy  nodded,  squirted  riverward  a  mouthful  of  tobacco  pre- 


THB   FABULOUS.  743 

paratory  to  conversation,  and  hitched  himself  more  solidly  into  his 
saddle. 

"How-de-do,  stranger?"  he  piped.  "Fine  mornin',  ain't  it?  A 
pal  of  Dow?  Hellendam!  but  that  boy's  gettin'  what's  comin'  to 
him,  ain't  he  ?  See  Miss  Coon  layin'  down  the  law.  Say,  I  wouldn't 
like  to  be  you,  after  the  lady  and  me  hikes.  Bug'll  be  bitin'  cac- 
tuses and  heavin'  dam'  mountains  at  the  moon."  He  screwed  his 
face  into  a  wink.  "Ladies  is  hell,"  he  remarked,  philosophically, 
"especially  Miss  Coon.     Know  her?" 

Luke  shook  his  head.  "I  can't  say  I  do,"  he  grunted.  "You 
are  a  friend?" 

"Oh,  sure,"  the  boy  answered,  expanding  his  chest.  "We  take 
a  horseback  ride  every  day.  And  maybe  she  can't  ride  some — ooh ! 
Why,  say,  pardner,  she  can  just  naturally  jolt  me  out  of  my  saddle." 

"She  doesn't  look  quite  like  a  tomboy,"  Luke  said,  half  to  him- 
self. 

The  face  of  June's  little  henchman  contorted  stormily.  "Don't 
you — don't  you — "  he  spluttered,  "don't  you  git  to  passin'  judg- 
ments, or  I — I — I'll  i>ass  a  few!  Tomboy  yourself!  She's  a  lady, 
she  is.  Why — why — well,  she's  a  lady,  that's  all."  He  gaped  like 
a  fish  for  the  words  that  would  not  come.  But,  though  his  infantile 
vocabulary,  to  say  nothing  of  his  passion,  prevented  even  an  inco- 
herent expression  of  his  ideas,  admiration  glowed  in  his  eyes,  and 
his  pinched  face  flushed  with  something  akin  to  combative  adoration. 

"I  beg  your  pardon,"  Luke  said;  "I  didn't  mean  to  belittle  her. 
She  seems  a  fine,  independent  woman,  and  a  beautiful  one,  too. 
She's  your  emj)loyer?" 

The  boy  nodded ;  his  face  became  placid  again,  and  he  took  from 
his  pocket  a  dirty  piece  of  tobacco.  "Have  a  chaw?"  he  asked, 
amiably.  "No?  It's  meat  and  drink  to  me.  And  ain't  she  pretty, 
though  ?  There  ain't  none — none  at  all — not  any — there  ain't  no 
lady  nowheres  that  could  touch  her  with  a  flagstaff." 

June  looked  back.     "Smudge!"  she  warned. 

The  boy  flushed  to  his  eyes  and  spluttered.  "Yes'm,"  he  an- 
swered. "I  just  wanted  to  be  sociable,  Miss  June.  This  here 
gazabo,  he  offered  me  a  chaw,  and  I  couldn't  right  well  refuse." 

Luke  opened  his  mouth  to  protest,  but  the  boy's  fist  dug  him  in 
the  ribs.  "Don't  peach !"  he  whispered.  "She's  hell  on  tobacco. 
I've  spit  it  out,  Miss  June,"  he  called.  "I  wouldn't  have  took  it, 
only  Dow's  pal  got  huffy  when  I  said  I  didn't  like  it." 

"You  confounded  little  pirate!"  Luke  said  in  amusement.  "A 
mouthful  of  that  stuff  would  make  me  sick  for  a  week.  Your  Miss 
June  will  think  I'm  a  rowdy." 

"Oh,  she  knows  the  sort  Dow  flocks  with,"  Smudge  said.  "No 
offence,  pardner;  honest,  no  offence.     Jest  keep  a  stiff  upper  lip. 


744  OUT    WEST 

and  I'll  do  the  same  for  you  some  day.  She  sure  does  hate  to  see 
me  chaw." 

"Then  don't  chew,"  Luke  crisply  advised. 

Smudge  snorted.  "And  be  guyed  to  death  by  the  punchers  when 
they  come  up?     Not  me,  mister — not  me.     Besides,  it's  good." 

June  turned  again.  "You  will  oblige  me,"  she  called  imperson- 
ally, "by  not  giving  the  boy  tobacco,  please." 

"But  I — "  Luke  cried  in  exasperation,  when  Smudge's  fist  quite 
knocked  the  breath  out  of  him. 

"Don't !  Oh,  don't !['  the  boy  pleaded.  "Say,  I'll— I'll  give  you 
five  dollars !     She  quirted  me  last  month.     Don't  tell !" 

"You  little  rat — "  Luke  angrily  began.  And  then  amusement  got 
the  better  of  him,  and  he  laughed  aloud.  "Thrashed  you?"  he  de- 
manded. 

Smudge  nodded  and  swallowed  rapidly.  "Didn't  mean  to  tell," 
he  sniffed ;  "and  say,  if  you  ever  pass  that  on  to  the  boys,  I'll — say, 
I'll  half  murder  you.  You  wouldn't  tell  anybody,  would  you? 
Please,  mister ;  they'd  guy  me  to  death." 

"No,"  Luke  promised.  "I  won't  tell.  But  Miss  June  evidently 
runs  things  with  a  high  hand.     She's  boss,  eh?" 

"Well,  now,  if  she  wasn't,  I'd  make  trouble,"  Smudge  said.  "If 
she  wants  to  lambaste  me,  that's  her  bus'ness,  ain't  it?  Only,  the 
punchers  are  fools.  Why,  she  licked  me  the  first  time  she  ever  seen 
me,  away  down  in  Denver." 

"Then  you  weren't  born  here  ?"  Luke  asked  with  interest.  "You're 
a  city  boy  ?" 

"Yep,  I'm  a  towner.  Ust  to  sell  papers.  I  was  havin'  a  lovely 
scrap  with  another  feller  on  Sixteenth  street,  when  somebody  picks 
me  up  by  the  back  of  my  neck,  an'  begins  whackin'  me.  It  was 
Miss  June,  and  she's  sure  got  muscle  enough  to  pick  up  'most  any- 
body, let  alone  a  kid  like  I  was.  I  kicked  and  squalled,  as  any 
little  feller  would  'a'  done,  but  when  I  seen  her  face  I  didn't  screech 
no  more.  And  when  she  got  through  lamming  me,  she  asked  me 
a  lot  of  questions  about  my  people,  which,  not  havin'  no  people,  I 
didn't  answer.  She  shipped  me  up  here,  and  Scammel  put  me  to 
work.     I'm  going  to  join  the  round-up  this  year." 

Smudge  broke  off  and  pointed  ahead.  "Here  comes  old  Scam 
to  fall  on  Dow's  neck,  or  pants,"  he  said.  "Better  dig  out,  pardner. 
Scammel's  some  rough." 

"Scammel?"  Luke  asked,  rising  in  his  stirrups.  "I'm  glad  of 
that.     He's  coming  to  meet  me." 

"Yep,  I  guess.     Better  dig,"  Smudge  again  advised. 

"He  expects  me,"  Luke  said,  impatiently.  "I  have  an  engagement 
with  him." 


THE   FABULOUS.  745 

Smudge  whistled.  "Say,"  he  drawled,  "you  can't  generally  tell, 
can  you?     Cattle  buyer? 

Dow  turned  in  his  saddle  and  beckoned.  "Ride  up,"  he  ordered. 
"Here's  Dad." 

Luke  obeyed.  Dow's  face  was  black  and  lowering,  while  June's 
cheeks  were  flushed  and  her  eyes  still  snapped  with  anger.  Evi- 
dently she  had  been  reading  Dow  no  gentle  lecture,  and  Dow  was 
in  consequence  sullen  and  shamefaced.  Luke  studied  the  girl.  Had 
Dow  explained  the  Chicagoan's  position?  Evidently  not,  for  still 
she  paid  him  no  attention  whatever. 

Jacob  Scammel  rode  up  with  outstretched  arm,  nodding  to  Dow 
and  June  as  he  caught  Luke's  hand  in  a  heavy  grip  and  pressed  it. 
He,  too,  possessed  a  long,  saturnine  face,  but  his  eyelids  habitually 
drooped,  and  he  talked  with  a  slow,  annoying  drawl,  as  if  the  words 
wormed  their  way  out  of  his  throat.  "Glad  to  see  you,"  he  said, 
briefly.     "Got  my  letter?" 

"From  Dow.     I'm  all  ready  for  the — " 

"Yes.  We'll  talk  business  later.  Fine  weather  we're  having, 
ain't  it?  Ah — ah — "  Apparently  he  unsuccessfully  searched  his 
mind  for  something  to  say,  and  failed  to  find  it.  He  took  a  long 
plug  of  tobacco  from  his  pocket  and  bit  off  a  mouthful.  "Chew?" 
he  inquired. 

"Thank  you,  no,"  Luke  said  with  emphasis,  as  he  stared  at  June. 
"I've  never  learned  to  use  tobacco  except  as  a  smoke." 

"Humph !"  Scammel  said. 

The  calm  expression  on  June's  face  did  not  alter,  but  she  turned 
her  head.  "Smudge!"  she  sharply  called,  "come  here."  The  boy 
galloped  up.  "Give  me  your  tobacco,"  June  ordered,  extending  her 
hand. 

Smudge  shot  a  malevolent  glance  at  Luke.  "Might  'a'  known 
it,"  he  said.  "It's  what  you  get  f'r  being  friendly  with  a  g^y." 
He  took  the  tobacco  from  his  pocket  and,  with  a  grunt,  sent  it 
flying  into  the  river.  "There  she  be.  Miss  June,"  he  said.  "That's 
all  right?" 

"Now  ride  back  and  tell  Daddie  Welcome  I  expect  him  to  be  at 
the  house  before  noon." 

Smudge  ducked  his  head.  "Say,"  he  said  under  his  breath  as 
he  passed  Luke,  "wait  till  I  catch  you  alone !" 

"Smudge!"  June  called  again. 

"Yes'm." 

"I  found  it  out  by  accident."  She  did  not  look  at  Luke,  but  the 
Chicagoan  smiled  his  thanks. 

"A  spit-fire,  isn't  he?"  Luke  said,  addressing  the  girl. 

"Yeh,"  Dow  answered,  after  an  uncomfortable  pause.     "June, 


746  OUT    WEST 

suppose  we  ride  back  and  look  at  Welcome's  new  books  before  he 
hitches  up?" 

"I'll  see  them  this  afternoon,"  she  coldly  returned.  "You  know 
that  Dad  Welcome  has  come,  Mr.  Scammel?" 

"Yes,"  said  Dumb  Jacob. 

"He  should  make  a  good  profit  off  the  boomers,"  Luke  remarked. 
"There  are  lots  of  us  in  the  district." 

"Let's  ride  on  ahead,  Winne,"  Scammel  suggested,  and  suited  the 
action  to  the  word.  But  June  at  the  instant  touched  her  horse  and 
galloped  beside  the  foreman,  leaving  Dow  alone  with  the  burros. 
A  stifled  oath  followed  from  the  deserted  man. 

"Tired  of  Bug's  company  ?"  Scammel  asked  the  girl,  with  a  scowl. 

"Mr.  Scammel,"  June  said,  "you  and  Dow  seem  to  be  under  the 
impression  that  I  rode  out  purposely  to  welcome  him.  You  are 
quite  mistaken,  though  I  took  the  opportunity  to  tell  him  personally 
what  I  told  you  a  month  ago.  That  ends  the  matter.  But  don't 
suppose  that  Dow  and  I  can  ever  be  friendly  again.  And  please  don't 
attempt  to  make  tete-a-tetes  for  us."  Once  more  her  cheeks  were 
flushed,  and  her  eyes  were  stormy.  "If  one  of  Dow's  friends  had 
not  been  with  him,  I  would  not  have  stopped  at  all." 

Scammel  shrugged,  and  the  three  rode  together  in  silence,  until 
an  elevation  in  the  plateau  brought  a  group  of  spruces  into  view 
some  distance  away.     Then  Scammel  opened  his  lips. 

"I  didn't  fetch  Winne  ahead  so's  to  give  Bud  a  chance,"  he  ex- 
plained. "Winne  and  me  have  a  prospecting  deal  to  talk  over  be- 
tween the  two  of  us." 

Now,  indeed,  June  reddened  painfully,  and  at  the  same  time 
stared  at  Luke  with  narrowed  eyes,  as  if  he  were  responsible  for 
her  embarrassment. 

"Thank  you,"  she  said ;  "I  am  glad  to  hear  I  was  mistaken."  She 
struck  her  horse  with  the  fiat  of  her  hand  and  raced  ahead,  holding 
down  her  hat  with  one  hand  as  she  sped  away. 

Scammel  chuckled.  "Got  a  chip  on  her  shoulder  today,"  he 
remarked.  Then,  with  a  swift  change  of  expression,  he  leaned 
toward  Luke. 

"Haven't  told  Bug  anything?"  he  demanded  under  his  breath. 

"Yes,  I'm  afraid  I  have.     But  he's  to  be  our  partner,  isn't  he?" 

"It  depends  on  what  you've  told  him.  Didn't  you  read  my 
letter?" 

"Yes,  afterward.  He  didn't  give  it  to  me  until  I  became  suspi- 
cious of  his  identity." 

"Has  he  seen  the  map?" 

"No,  but  he  knows  of  it.  I'm  afraid  I'm  not  a  good  hand  at 
keeping  a  secret." 


THE   FABULOUS.  747 

"Not  very."  Scammel  stroked  his  heavy  chin.  "Got  the  map 
on  you?" 

"Yes,  in  my  pocket-book.    I  carried  it  in  my  boot  until  last  night." 

"And  then  pinned  it  on  the  tent  flap?" 

"I  took  my  clothes  off  last  night.  At  the  camp  before,  I  didn't 
dare  undress.  I  put  the  map  in  a  pack-box  at  my  head,  and  took 
it  again  in  the  morning.     Dow  didn't  see  me." 

"Took  it  the  first  thing  in  the  morning?"  Scammel  persisted. 

Luke  hesitated.  "No,  I  didn't,"  he  confessed;  "not  for  an  hour 
and  more.  Dow  sent  me  after  the  horses  and  one  thing  and 
another." 

The  ranchman's  eyelids  fell  lower  than  usual,  and  his  hps  tight- 
ened.    "I  was  a  fool  to  send  him,"  he  said. 

"But  you  don't  think  he  has  seen  the  map?  At  least  I  know  I 
have  it  now.  And  if  he  has  seen  it,  will  it  matter?  He  wouldn't 
try  to  cut  us  out?" 

Scammel  grunted.  "I'll  have  a  talk  with  Bug,"  he  said.  "If 
you've  got  the  thing  on  you,  you'd  better  give  it  to  me  now.  That 
is,  if  you  trust  me.     Somebody  will  get  it  away  from  you." 

"Not  likely,"  Luke  smiled ;  "but  of  course  if  you  wish  it — "  He 
took  out  his  pocket-book,  but,  before  he  could  transfer  the  envelope. 
Smudge  raced  up  and  passed  them. 

"Yah!"  the  boy  shouted  with  ebullient  spirits,  waving  his  hat  as 
he  tore  up  the  slope.     "Beat  you  to  the  shack,  tenderfoot !" 

Luke's  horse  shied,  reared,  and  then,  catching  the  bit,  dashed  away 
in  Smudge's  dust. 

"Damn  that  boy!"  Scammel  heartily  shouted,  and  put  spurs  in 
pursuit ;  so  that  the  three  scampered  together  across  the  dry  buffalo 
grass,  turned  into  an  open  gate,  raced  down  an  alley  of  whispering 
spruces,  and  suddenly  came  out  before  a  long,  low  stone  house,  with 
a  narrow  veranda. 

June  stood  at  the  doorway,  while  a  bow-legged  man  held  her 
horse.  At  the  noise  of  galloping  animals,  a  very  small,  white- 
haired  lady  made  her  appearance  under  June's  arm.  Smudge  went 
past  with  a  whoop  and  disappeared  around  the  house,  while  Luke 
with  difficulty  drew  rein  before  the  veranda  and  sprang  to  the 
ground,  taking  off  his  hat  as  he  dismounted.  Scammel  stopped 
beside  him. 

"Welcome's  at  it  again,  Mrs.  Downing,"  the  foreman  grated. 
"See  that  imp?  I'm  shot  if  he  hasn't  some  of  Welcome's  moonshine 
in  him." 

The  little  lady  cried  out  in  dismay  and  came  forward. 

"Oh,  impossible !"  June  exclaimed.  "And  yet — stay  here,  mother ; 
I'll  go  see." 

"But  wait,  June,"  the  matron  said,  taking  her  daughter's  arm  and 
smiling  with  winning  sweetness  at  Luke.  "Don't  you  see  the  gen- 
tleman?   You  are  a  stranger  here,  sir?"     She  extended  her  hand. 

Luke's  eyes  moistened  with  sudden  tenderness.  "Not  now,"  he 
said,  bending  over  her  hand  in  order  to  hide  his  emotion.  "I've 
found  a  bit  of  home  out  here  in  the  wilderness." 

"This  is  Dow's  friend,  mother,"  June  said,  quite  unmoved.  "Dow's 
father  will  take  him  around  to  the  bunk  houses  and  find  him  a  place. 
Mr.  Scammel,  would  you  mind  sending  Smudge  to  us  at  once, 
please  ?" 


748  OUT     WEST 

As  June  led  her  into  the  house,  Mrs.  Downing  looked  over  her 
shoulder  at  Luke,  where  that  worthy  stood,  white  to  the  lips,  and 
quite  incapable  of  speech  or  movement. 

"You  must  let  us  see  you  after  you  are  rested,"  she  said,  still 
smiling,  though  with  a  puzzled  look  on  her  motherly  face. 

"Coming?"  Scammel  gruffly  inquired. 

Luke  turned  slowly.  "I'll  stay  here  just  about  long  enough  to 
water  my  horse,"  he  grated.    And  then,  "My  God,  she's  like  home !" 

"June?"  Scammel  grinned. 

"Oh,  damn  the  girl!"  said  the  minister's  son. 
[To  be  continued.] 


SCHOOL-DAYS  ON  THi:  HASSAYAMPA 

By  LAURA  TILDEN  KENT. 
VIL 
Delia  Green. 
URING  the  previous  year  the  school  had  dwindled  and 
dwindled  until  it  had  seemed  doubtful  whether  or  not 
there  would  be  even  a  remnant  left  for  another  term. 
Now,  as  May  approached,  it  was  discovered  that  there 
were  barely   enough   children    to    command    school- 
money  for  a  few  months.     It  was  also  realized  that  the  camp, 
which  had  once  flourished  about  the  schoolhouse  on  the  hill,  was 
almost  gone.     The  schoolhouse  had  no  longer  a  central  position, 
and  a  tiny  house  at  The  Mill — which  might  indeed  be  considered 
a  part  of  The  Camp,  but  was  a  mile  nearer  the  Thornes'  new 
home — was  set  apart  for  a  school  building. 

To  this  tiny  house  came  Isabel  and  Johnny  Thorne  one  morning 
in  May.  About  five  children  were  already  there  when  they  arrived, 
and  after  waiting  for  a  good  while,  the  new  teacher  decided  that 
these  would  be  all,  and  school  "took  up."  Then  Isabel,  at  least, 
began  to  observe,  and  her  conclusions  were  not  quite  pleasant. 

First,  the  teacher  made  no  little  talk  to  the  pupils.  She  didn't 
even  say  she  was  glad  to  see  them  there !  Second,  the  teacher  read 
no  story,  nor  did  she  tell  one.  Third,  there  was  no  song.  Fourth, 
the  teacher  didn't  look  as  if  she  cared. 

The  day  passed,  however,  and  Isabel  could  not  have  called  it  an 
unpleasant  one.  There  was  novelty  in  everything,  and  she  had 
been  glad  to  see  some  of  the  children  once  more. 

Still  her  report  at  home  was  not  wholly  satisfactory  to  her  mother. 
"How  do  you  like  your  new  teacher?"  inquired  Mrs.  Thorne. 
"Don't  like  her,"  said  Johnny  before  Isabel  could  speak. 
"Oh!  you  mustn't  say  that  so  soon!     Why  don't  you  like  her, 
Johnny?" 

"  'Cause  I  don't!"  Johnny  gave  this  woman's  reason  with  a 
small  boy's  vehemence,  and  added,  "Can  I  get  a  cooky.  Mama?" 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA.  749 

While  he  was  gone,  Mrs.  Thorne  turned  to  Isabel. 

"Doesn't  he  want  to  go  to  school  this  year,"  she  asked,  "or  isn't 
Miss  Green  nice?" 

"Oh !  she  isn't  so  nice  as  Mrs.  Dean,  I  don't  think,"  Isabel  replied. 
"She  reads  in  a  large  green  book  a  lot,  and  Jimmie  Brown  says 
she's  studying  Spanish,  and,  somehow,  I  don't  b'lieve  she's  go'n' 
to  make  the  lessons  so  intrusting,  and  Jimmie  Brown  says  she's 
seventeen,  and  things  were  so  in  confusion  today,  she  said  she 
couldn't  hear  our  g'ography.  Only  I  didn't  care  much,  'cause  now 
I've  got  it  for  tomorrow.  And  she  isn't  much  pretty,  but  she  isn't 
so  awful  ugly,  either.     Can  I  get  a  cooky,  too.  Mama  ?" 

That  was  Isabel's  first  impression  of  Delia  Green,  and  as  the 
days  went  on,  the  unfavorable  side  of  it  deepened.  Doubtless  it 
was  partly  the  fault  of  the  tiny  house  that  grew  so  hot  and  made 
study  so  uncomfortable,  but  it  was  partly  Delia  Green's  fault,  too. 
If  Delia  were  studying  Spanish,  she  soon  became  devoted  to  the 
language,  for  as  the  novelty  of  the  situation  wore  off  her, 
too,  she  spent  more  and  more  time  over  that  green  book,  which 
was  presently  succeeded  by  a  red  book,  and  then  by  a  yellow  one. 
Jimmie  Brown  solemnly  informed  Isabel,  however,  that  Miss  Green 
had  dropped  her  Spanish  and  was  reading  novels. 

"It  makes  it  pretty  fine  fer  us!"  exulted  Jimmie.  "She  can't 
watch  us  worth  a  cent  when  she's  readin'  them  novels!" 

"I  bet  she  doesn't  read  novels !"  To  Isabel  that  seemed  too  much 
to  believe  of  a  teacher. 

"What  do  you  bet  ?"  inquired  Jimmie.  "Just  put  up  yer  money !" 
His  hand  went  into  the  pocket  of  his  dirty  overalls.  "Just  you 
put  up  yer  money,  now !  There's  a  nickel  I've  got,  an*  I'll  give 
yuh  this  new  slate-pencil  to  boot,  if  you'll  prove  she  ain't  readin' 
novels !" 

"Oh!  I'm  not  bettin'  any  nickel!"  Isabel  retorted.  "So  you  can 
keep  your  old  money;  but  I'd  like  to  know  how  you  know  she's 
reading  novels  in  school !" 

"Sneaked  the  book  out'n  her  desk  when  she  was  gone  fer  her 
lunch  yistidy!  It  was  'The  Orphan — 'The  Orphan' — Aw!  I  can't 
remember!  But  it  was  'The  Orphan'  Somethin',  anyhow!  Now, 
don't  you  b'lieve  she  reads  novels  ?" 

"Anyhow,  it's  pretty  fine  fer  us  that  she  don't  watch  us  any!" 
piped  a  small  boy  who  greatly  admired  Jimmie  Brown. 

It  shortly  ceased  being  very  fine  that  she  didn't  watch  them. 
There  were  no  regular  hours  for  lessons,  and  Isabel  felt  irritated 
when  she  raised  her  hand,  as  Miss  Green  had  told  them  to  do  on 
getting  a  lesson,  and  gained  no  response. 

"Aw!  snap  yer  fingers,  Is'bel!  Snap  yer  fingers!  She  won't 
see  you  if  you  don't  snap  yer  fingers!"  whispered  the  boys  about 


750  OUT    WEST 

Isabel.  But  Isabel  shook  her  head.  Her  mother  and  Mrs.  Dean 
had  both  impressed  it  upon  her  mind  that  it  was  horrid  to  "snap 
your  fingers."  For  her  own  sake,  and  not  at  all  for  Miss  Green's, 
she  hesitated  about  doing  a  horrid  thing. 

So  a  boy  "snapped"  for  her — and  Miss  Green  finally  looked  up. 

"What  do  you  want,  Isabel?"  she  asked  rather  sharply, 

"I  have  my  reading  lesson,"  responded  Isabel. 

"Well,  don't  you  see  I'm  busy!"  Miss  Green  would  have  re- 
turned to  the  Orphan,  but  Isabel  went  on: 

"What  shall  I  study  now^ 

"Get  your  geography." 

"I've  got  it !     I've  got  all  my  lessons !" 

"Oh!  I'll  bet  you  have  not!  You'd  better  study  your  spelling 
some  more.  And  if  you  have  got  'em  all,  you  can  study  your  read- 
ing lesson  for  tomorrow.  We  are  going  to  have  our  geography 
class  very  soon  now — to  recite  yesterday's  lesson  that  we  didn't 
have  time  for." 

"Aw,  Isabel!  What  did  you  remind  her  for?  She'd  'a'  forgot 
all  about  it!  Why  didn't  you  keep  still?"  jeered  the  boys.  All  the 
children  of  Isabel's  own  age  were  boys  this  year.  There  were, 
beside  herself,  but  two  very  little  girls  who  came  irregularly. 

"I'm  sick  of  doing  nothing!"  Isabel  responded  vigorously. 

"I  bet  you  can't  put  your  feet  on  your  desk  like  I  can !"  whispered 
Jimmie  Brown.  "Try  it,  Isabel,  an'  le's  see  how  long  we  can  keep 
'em  there  without  her  seein'  us.  Come  on !  You  do  it,  too,  Johnny ! 
Aw !  say !    Pass  it  around !    'Everybody  put  yer  feet  on  yer  desk !'  " 

There  was  no  need  to  "pass  it  around,"  for  all  the  children  were 
within  easy  reach  of  Jimmie's  stentorian  whisper.  Only  two  of 
the  seven  dared  take  his  advice,  but  one  of  these  was  Isabel,  who 
leaned  back  in  her  seat  and  thrust  her  feet  on  to  the  home-made 
desk  before  her.  It  was  not  a  comfortable  position,  but  Isabel 
cared  little  for  that.    Anything  to  break  this  monotony ! 

Then  Miss  Green  did  look  up,  and  Isabel,  less  fortunate  than  the 
boys,  had  not  quite  time  to  adjust  herself  to  a  studious  posture 
before  she  was  observed. 

"Isabel  Thorne !"  Miss  Green  spoke  primly,  "is  it  possible  that 
you  had  your  knees  above  your  desk?"  ("Then  she  didn't  see  the 
whole  thing!"  thought  Isabel.)  "Don't  let  me  ever  see  you  in  such 
a  position  again!     We  will  now  have  our  geography  lesson." 

So  nothing  came  of  that  exploit.  Isabel  was  partly  relieved  and 
partly  disgusted  at  not  being  able  to  create  any  excitement.  She 
saw  only  too  clearly  that  Miss  Green  had  not  been  shocked,  as  she 
had  pretended  to  be.  She  knew  well  enough  that  Miss  Green  had 
spoken  as  she  had  conceived  it  proper  that  a  teacher  should  speak, 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THB  H ASS  AY  AMP  A.  751 

and  not  at  all  as  she  had  felt.     She  had  almost  hoped  that,  in  case 
she  were  caught,  Miss  Green  might  really  be  a  little  horrified. 

Jimmie  Brown  had  not  yet  given  up  his  efforts  to  divert  his  fellow 
pupils,  however,  and  the  next  day  he  put  one  of  his  choice  schemes 
into  practice. 

Every  day  at  noon  several  of  the  children  went  down  the  rocky 
mountain  side  to  the  creek,  and  then  climbed  up  by  a  narrow  path, 
blocked  in  one  place  by  a  large  rock  that  they  must  scramble  over 
at  infinite  peril  of  falling  off  into  the  water,  up  to  a  deep,  clear  pool 
where  they  filled  the  flimsy  little  school  water-bucket  with  fresh 
water  for  the  long  hot  afternoon.  On  this  particular  day  the  dele- 
gation to  the  Six  Foot  Hole  was  unusually  large.  It  was  very 
pleasant  to  spend  the  noon  hour  here  at  the  water's  edge,  and  the 
children  lingered  until  they  felt  sure  that  their  time  was  exhausted. 
Then, 

"It  must  be  time  to  go  back,"  sighed  Isabel. 

Jimmie  Brown  was  wading  in  the  more  shallow  waters  of  the 
creek  below  the  Six  Foot  Hole,  and  he  did  not  relish  the  idea  of 
having  his  shoes  and  stockings  on  again. 

"I  bet  it  ain't !"  he  replied. 

"I  bet  it  is.  We  better  fill  the  bucket  and  go  back.  Miss  Green 
was  cross  the  last  time  we  were  late." 

"Let  her  get  her  old  water,  then !"  retorted  Jimmie  Brown. 

"I  guess  we  better  go !"  chorused  the  more  timid  urchins,  rallying 
about  Isabel. 

"All  right,"  agreed  Jimmie.  He  began  leisurely  to  put  on  his 
shoes  and  stockings  as  he  spoke,  and  when  that  was  over,  he  went 
out  on  some  stepping-stones  to  the  edge  of  the  deep  hole,  and  dipped 
his  lunch  pail  into  the  water. 

"Let's  get  it  right  out  o'  the  deepest  part,"  said  Jimmie.  "It's 
so  warm  everywhere  else." 

He  brought  the  water  back  in  his  lunch  pail  and  poured  it  into 
the  water  bucket.  Then  he  returned  for  more,  but  at  the  second 
trial  he  had  bad  luck.  His  lunch  pail  escaped  his  hand  in  some 
unaccountable  manner! 

"Look  at  that,  now!"  cried  Jimmie.  "Now  I've  got  to  take  off 
my  shoes  again,  an'  roll  up  my  pants,  an'  go  in  after  that  there 
pail !" 

"I  bet  you  did  it  a-purpose,  Jimmie  Brown!"  accused  Isabel. 

"I  bet  yuh  anything  yuh  want  to  bet,  I  did  not!"  retorted  Jimmie, 
but  with  a  suspicious  giggle.  "Gee !  I've  got  to  hurry  now !  We*ll 
sure  be  late  if  I  don't!" 

With  overalls  rolled  high,  he  waded  out  into  the  water  and 
grasped  the  pail  with  a  hooked  stick,  but  he  only  succeeded,  after 
many  efforts,  in  bringing  it  a  little  closer  to  shallow  water. 


752  OUT    WEST 

"It  ain't  safe,  anyhow,"  he  finally  volunteered.  "When  I'm  leanin* 
aver  here  I'm  liable  to  take  a  header.  Some  o'  you  kids  catch  a 
holt  of  one  end  o'  that  little  rope  o'  Johnny's,  an'  I'll  hold  on  to 
the  other  end,  an'  then  I'll  get  it !" 

But  even  this  arrangement  did  not  help  matters  much. 

"I  don't  believe  you  try !"  sneered  Isabel,  who  was  getting  nervous 
over  the  passage  of  time. 

"I  bet  I  do!"  Jimmie  declared.     Then, 

"I  tell  you  what,"  he  added.  "None  o'  you  kids  is  very  strong, 
an'  I'm  afraid  to  pull  much  on  the  rope.  Let  me  hold  the  rope, 
an'  one  o'  you  fish  fer  the  pail !     You  go,  Isabel !" 

"All  right  I"  Isabel  returned  briskly.  "And  I'll  get  that  pail  out, 
too,  I  bet!" 

She  pulled  off  her  shoes  and  stockings  as  she  spoke,  and  waded  in. 

"Now  don't  you  let  go  of  that  rope,  Jimmie  Brown  !'*  she  ordered. 

"I  won't!  And,  Isabel,  don't  you  be  scared  to  pull  just  as  hard 
as  you  want  to  on  it.    I'm  strong!" 

So  Isabel  waded  as  far  as  she  dared,  and  then  leaned  out  over 
the  deeper  water,  holding  tightly  to  the  rope  the  while.  With  the 
hooked  stick  she  caught  the  little  bucket.  She  gave  it  a  sweep 
toward  the  shore.  She  reached  for  it  again  and — she  was  suddenly 
half  under  water,  and  then  struggling  to  shore,  her  small  skirts  wet 
to  the  waist. 

"Jimmie  Brown!  You  hateful  thing!  You  did  that  a-purpose!" 
she  blazed. 

"I  did  not!  Honest,  Isabel!  I  never  went  to  do  it!  The  rope 
slipped  just  as  quick!     I'm  awful  sorry!" 

"Well,  anyhow,  you  can  get  your  own  old  lunch  bucket,  now!" 
Isabel  shook  her  skirts  violently.  "Fm  going  to  sit  on  this  big, 
blistering-hot  rock  and  let  my  clothes  dry.     You  kids  get  the  water." 

She  climbed  almost  cheerfully  on  to  the  rock.  It  was  really  sur- 
prising to  see  the  ease  with  which  the  water  was  gotten  after  that ! 

"But,  o'  course,  we  can't  go  now  until  your  clo'es  get  dry,"  said 
Jimmie  solicitously. 

"Yes,  we  can,  too,"  Isabel  assured  him.  "See,  I'm  most  dry 
now.     This  rock's  hot  enough  to  roast  eggs." 

"You'll  take  cold,"  urged  Jimmie. 

"Humph!  On  a  day  like  this!  And  my  feet  aren't  wet,  'cause 
I  didn't  have  on  my  shoes.  Mama  says  wet  feet  are  the  worst  of 
all  for  colds.    Come  along!" 

Isabel  seized  the  bucket  and  set  out,  the  boys  trailing  along  after 
her.     Then  at  the  rock  barrier  she  paused. 

"Johnny,  you  get  over  that  rock  and  take  this  bucket  when  I  hand 
it  to  youl" 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA.  753 

"I'll  do  it,  Isabel!"  cried  the  now  docile  Jimmie.  "I  don't  hardly 
think  Johnny's  strong  enough — " 

And  somehow  that  bucket  slipped  and  went  down  into  the  creek ! 

"Jimmie  Brown!  You  are  doing  this  whole  thing  a-purpose!" 
cried  Isabel  once  more.  "If  I  was  as  big  as  you,  I'd  knock  you 
into  the  creek  with  that  bucket !" 

"Aw,  Jimmie !    Don't  be  so  smart !"  advised  the  younger  boys. 

"Smart!  Who's  bein'  smart?"  inquired  Jimmie.  "I'm  doin'  the 
best  I  can!" 

He  went  to  the  pool  himself  and  brought  another  bucket  of  water. 

"Now,"  said  Isabel,  "you  hand  me  that  pail!"  She  was  reaching 
her  arms  up  for  it  from  the  other  side  of  the  rock,  but  before  she 
could  so  much  as  touch  it,  it  was  gone  again. 

And  Jimmie  returned  for  more  water,  and  again  lost  it;  and  for 
more,  and  lost  it  again,  until  the  bucket,  in  revenge  for  its  many 
knocks,  began  to  leak  in  a  dangerously  large  stream.  Then,  some- 
how, there  came  a  time  when  it  was  passed  in  safety  over  the  rock 
and  borne  in  safety  up  the  steep  hill. 

"There  won't  be  hardly  a  bit  of  water  left  when  we  get  there, 
and  it's  all  your  fault,  Jimmie  Brown !"  Isabel  still  reminded  him 
as  they  toiled  up  the  path. 

"That's  right !"  echoed  the  boys,  who  were  quite  exercised  now 
over  their  probable  reception  at  the  schoolhouse.     "That's  right!" 

"I  s'pose  you're  goin'  to  tell  Miss  Green  that!"  asked  Jimmie. 

"I  won't  tell  her  a  thing !     I'm  no  tattle-tale !"  retorted  Isabel. 

"Well,  I'll  tell  you  what!  All  you  kids  just  keep  yer  mouths 
shut,  an'  I'll  settle  with  Miss  Green !"  promised  Jimmie,  with  a  gen- 
erously patronizing  air.  A  moment  later  he  walked  into  the  school- 
house,  announcing  humbly : 

"I  s'pose  we're  late,  but  we  had  awful  bad  luck  gettin'  the  bucket 
over  the  big  rock.  An'  Isabel  accidentally  fell  into  the  creek,  an* 
I  thought  she'd  better  dry  some  in  the  sun,  so's  not  to  take  cold." 

Miss  Green  looked  at  the  sorry  band  of  truants.  The  appearance 
of  Isabel's  skirts  certainly  bore  out  Jimmie's  statement  that  they 
had  been  in  the  creek.  The  condition  of  the  bucket  seemed  to  prove 
that  they  had  had  bad  luck  with  it.     And  Miss  Green  hated  trouble. 

"All  right!"  she  said.  "Take  your  seats.  And  if  any  of  you 
has  got  to  have  a  drink,  you'd  better  hurry  and  get  it  while  you 
can."  Her  voice  sounded  natural  so  far,  but  she  remembered  her 
professional  duty,  and  it  took  on  an  artificial  note. 

"However,  don't  let  such  a  thing  ever  occur  again.  If  you  do. 
I'll  have  to  find  some  way  of  punishing  you !" 

"Humph!"   thought   Isabel.     "She's  not  much    of    a    teacher!"' 

"Ain't  she  easy  ?"  whispered  Jimmie.  "Didn't  I  get  us  out  o' 
that  slick  ?     I  can  work  her  all  right !" 


754  OUT     WEST 

A  week  later  Isabel  and  Johnny  suggested  to  their  mother  that 
they  would  like  to  leave  school.  To  their  gratification,  Mrs.  Thorne 
consented  at  once.  Of  course,  Miss  Green  called  in  a  few  days 
to  invite  them  back. 

She  had  been  telling  earnestly  of  her  resolve  to  "do  better,"  and 
saying  humbly  that  she  had  much  to  learn ;  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thorne 
had  both  been  explaining  patiently  their  opinion  of  the  danger  at 
the  "Six  Foot  Hole,"  and  their  resolve  that,  since  Mrs.  Thorne 
could  herself  teach  the  children,  they  should  never  be  forced  to  go 
to  school  while  they  were  so  young,  lest  they  be  sickened  of  it  then. 

Perhaps  they  felt  a  little  sorry  for  Miss  Green,  who  was  certainly 
young,  and  who  would  soon  lose  her  school  unless  the  "average" 
were  kept  up,  for  they  called  Isabel  in  to  give  the  deciding  vote. 

"Don't  you  want  to  come  back,  Isabel?"  began  Delia  Green. 

"Do  you  want  me  to  go?"  Isabel  asked  her  mother. 

"You  are  to  decide,"  returned  her  mother. 

Isabel  turned  to  Miss  Green  frankly: 

"I  could  stand  it,"  she  said.  "But  Johnny  hates  it  awfully  much. 
And  Mama  won't  let  me  go  without  him." 

"They  are  so  small  that  I  don't  think  it  safe,"  explained  their 
mother. 

"Is  it  anything  I  ever  said  to  you?"  inquired  Miss  Green  anx- 
iously. 

"No!     We  just  got  tired !" 

"I  thought,"  Miss  Green  addressed  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thorne  now, 
"I  thought  they  might  have  been  angry  at  something  I  said  once. 
They  got  back  late  one  noon  with  the  water,  and  I  told  them  that 
I  should  have  to  punish  them  if  it  happened  again.  Of  course,  I 
really  wouldn't  hurt  one  of  them  for  the  whole  world!"  Miss 
Green's  speech  was  fervent ;  and  Isabel's  opinion  of  her  was  poorer 
than  ever.     She  turned  to  leave  the  room. 

"I'll  tell  Johnny,"  she  said,  feeling  a  momentary  desire  to  get 
back  to  her  old  playmates.  But  on  second  thought,  "/  know  that 
he  won't  go  hack!"  she  added 

Maxton,  Arizona. 


A  SUN  DANCE 

{As  the  railway  train  crosses  the  Mojave  Desert.) 
By  J.  C.  DAVIS 

DRUNKEN  with  fire  from  the  sky, 
The  sage-brush  rout  goes  reeling  by. 
Gaunt,  Dervish  Yuccas,  one  by  one — 
Keen  lances  lifted  to  the  sun — 
Whirl  dizzily,  and,  one  by  one, 
Across  the  white-hot  floor  are  spun. 
And   far  away — far,   far  away, 
Past  leagues  where  furnace  colors  burn — 
Red  of  old  Egypt,  powdered  gray 
With  ashes,  from  the  Desert's  urn — 
Beyond  earth's  outmost  glimmering  rim — 
Translucent  ranges,  vast  and  dim. 
In  stately  phalanx  slowly  turn. 


755 
THE  REDEMPTION  OF  ARKANSA^ST  KATE 

By  CHARLES  LEE  SLEIGHT 
FTER  dropping  the  mail-bags  at  the  postoffice,  the  stage- 
driver  turned  to  the  boyish-faced,  clerically-clad  man 
on  the  back  seat.    "I  reckon  you're  the  new  preacher  ?" 
"Yes.     I  wish  to  go  to  Mr.  Thomas  Ryan's,"  was 
the  reply.     "I  believe  he  is  warden  of  the  church." 

"Tom's  the  whole  thing,  mighty  near,  but  he's  gone  East  for  a 
couple  of  months.  Here's  a  letter  he  left  for  you,  and  I'm  to  take 
you  to  the  house  they've  hired  for  a  temp'ry  parsonage — the  only 
one  they  could  git — and  I  'low  you'll  find  the  women  folks  have 
stocked  it  up  with  a  good  outfit.     Git  ap !  you  ornery  critters !" 

The  mules  rattled  the  stage  along  a  side-street  of  hard-beaten, 
yellow  clay,  and  stopped  with  a  jerk  before  a  little  unpainted  shanty 
on  the  outskirts  of  the  town. 

"Here's  your  home  sweet  home.  Elder,  and  here's  the  key.  You 
unlock  the  door  and  I'll  tote  your  trunk  in.  Whoa!  thar,  you  dog- 
gone beasts,  or  I'll  lick  hell  outen  you !     Thar  you  are,  Mr.  " 

"Ward.     George  Ward." 

"Yes,  that's  the  name  Tom  applied  to  you.  I'm  damn  sorry  he 
ain't  here  to  look  after  you,  but  you're  well  supplied  with  every- 
thin',  I  see — cook-stove,  provisions,  water-bar'l  full,  all  in  good 
shape.  An'  say,  pardner — I  mean  Elder — don't  you  drink  no  well- 
water,  'nless  you  want  to  git  mineral  fits — colic,  you  know.  All 
the  water's  got  lead  in  it  'xceptin'  what  they  peddle  around  from 
the  pump-shaft  at  ten  cents  a  bar'l.  Well,  I'll  be  goin'. — Oh,  say? 
Tom  says  when  you  want  any  money  go  to  Mr.  Montgomery.  He's 
the  leader  of  your  choir,  an'  runs  a  little  game  over  Tom's  bank.'* 

"You  mean  he's  a  gambler?"  gasped  the  horrified  clergyman. 

"Sure  thing!  But  Monty's  always  fa'r  an'  squa'r.  No  cheatin' 
in  his  place,  an'  every  Saturday  at  midnight  he  shuts  up  shop  like 
a  Christian.  He  says  he's  damned  if  he'll  work  on  Sunday  for 
no  galoot, 

"Well,  good-night.  Elder.  Hey?  What's  this — your  fare?  Hellf 
git  out !  I  don't  charge  the  clergy  nothin',  an',  besides,  I'm  a  mem- 
ber of  your  church  when  I  ain't  stage-drivin'." 

The  young  parson  shook  his  head  with  a  whimsical  smile  as  he 
watched  the  ramshackle  vehicle  bump  away  over  the  rutty  road. 
He  had  asked  to  be  sent  where  there  was  need  for  work,  and  evi- 
dently the  bishop  had  taken  him  at  his  word. 

With  a  little  sinking  of  the  heart  and  a  touch  of  homesickness 
as  he  thought  of  the  mother  and  sisters  he  had  just  left  back  East, 
he  entered  the  house,  and  after  a  meager  lunch,  unpacked  his 
trunk,  tacked  up  a  few  photographs  on  the  wall,  and  went  to  bed. 


756  OUT    wBsr 

In  the  middle  of  the  night  he  was  suddenly  awakened  by  a  loud 
crash.  Sitting  up  in  bed,  he  listened,  and  could  hear  low  mutter- 
ings  outside,  and  then  a  vgice  saying,  "Rock  it  again,  boys!"  and 
immediately  a  fusillade  of  stones  threatened  to  break  down  the 
door  of  his  house. 

Ward  was  not  naturally  a  coward,  but  for  a  moment  he  shrank 
back  in  bed  and  considered  the  advisability  of  barricading  the  door ; 
but  before  there  was  time  to  do  anything  he  heard  the  sound  of 
distant  horse-hoofs,  hurried  cries  of,  "Run  for  it!  There's  Mac, 
the  deputy  sheriflf!"  hasty  footfalls  on  the  hard  road,  and  then  a 
horse  galloping  by. 

"Well!"  he  muttered,  with  a  sigh  of  relief,  "they  have  a  cordial 
way  of  welcoming  a  new  rector !" 

The  following  morning  when  he  went  out  to  the  water-barrel  to 
fill  the  tea-kettle,  he  noticed  that  his  shanty,  and  a  similar  one  close 
by,  were  well  removed  from  any  other  buildings,  and  were  the  last 
houses  on  that  street.  Beyond  was  the  rolling  prairie,  dotted  here 
and  there  with  mounds  of  yellow  dirt  and  broken  windlasses,  indi- 
cating the  location  of  deserted  mining-shafts. 

The  sound  of  some  one  splitting  wood  next  door  attracted  his 
attention,  and  he  saw  a  woman  trying  with  a  hatchet  to  dissect  a 
refractory  piece  of  slab-wood. 

"Let  me  help  you,"  he  cried,  stepping  forward. 

She  arose,  tossing  back  from  her  eyes  a  tumbled  mass  of  brown 
hair  and  hastily  gathering  about  her  white  neck  the  loose  sack  she 
wore,  and  regarded  him  a  moment  questioningly.  Then,  "Oh! 
you're  the  minister!"  she  said,  her  full  red  lips  parting  in  a  smile. 

"Yes ;  my  name  is  Ward,"  he  returned,  taking  the  hatchet. 

"Mine's  Henderson,"  she  said.  "My  man  is  away,  or  I  wouldn't 
be  doing  this  work.     I  don't  reckon  you're  used  to  it,  either." 

"Oh,  I've  done  harder  stunts  than  this — at  college,"  he  rejoined 
with  a  cheerful  grin ;  and  the  way  he  plied  the  hatchet  showed  that 
his  muscles  were  well  trained. 

"Where  shall  I  put  it?"  he  asked,  when  the  wood  was  split. 

"I'll  take  it  in,"  she  hurried  to  say.     "Thank  you." 

When  he  had  filled  his  tea-kettle  he  turned  to  glance  at  her,  and 
caught  her  regarding  him  with  a  peculiar  look  and  amused  smile 
that  sent  him  hurriedly  into  the  house,  blushing  like  a  school-boy 
and  feeling  ridiculously  uncomfortable. 

While  he  was  washing  the  breakfast  dishes,  there  was  a  rap  at 
the  door. 

"Come  in !"  he  called,  hastily  wiping  his  hands. 

The  man  who  entered  was  remarkably  broad-shouldered,  with 
piercing  gray  eyes  that  in  a  glance  took  in  everything  about  the 
room,  and  then  bored  through  to  Ward's  very  soul. 


THE  REDEMPTION  OF  ARKANSAW  KATE.         757 

"I'm  Macpherson,  deputy  sheriff,"  he  said,  crisply.  "I  came  to 
apologize  for  the  little  mistake  the  boys  made  last  night.  In  the 
dark  they  took  this  for  Arkansaw  Kate's  house,"  and  he  jerked 
his  thumb  toward  the  shanty  next  door. 

"You  mean  Mrs.  Henderson?" 

"Yes,  Bill  Henderson's  woman.  But  she  isn't  Mrs.  Henderson, 
you  know." 

"You  mean  that  she  is — that  she  isn't — just  straight  ?"  stammered 
the  clergyman. 

The  deputy  laughed  shortly.  "Kate's  straight  enough  in  most- 
ways.  She's  true  to  Bill,  at  any  rate.  I  g^ess  that's  what  makes 
some  of  the  boys  feel  a  little  sore ;  they're  jealous.  She  isn't  Hen- 
derson's wife,  though.  She  has  a  husband  and  a  couple  of  kids 
down  in  Arkansaw.  Well,  I  must  be  going.  I  wanted  to  let  you 
know  that  the  boys  meant  nothing  personal  last  night.  They  respect 
the  cloth  all  right,  and,  anyway,  they  know  better  than  to  monkey 
with  Tom  Ryan's  minister.    Good-day." 

The  young  clergyman  was  decidedly  staggered  by  his  experience 
thus  far  in  his  field  of  labor.  The  first  parishioner  he  had  met  was 
a  profane  stage-driver ;  his  choirmaster  was  a  gambler,  and  his  next- 
door  neighbor  was — Arkansaw  Kate.  Perhaps  she  also  was  one 
of  his  church-members.  He  had  expected  to  find  things  rather 
unconventional  in  the  West,  but  had  never  imagined  anything  like 
this.  That  afternoon,  however,  after  making  a  round  of  visits,  he 
discovered  to  his  relief  that  the  citizens  of  Jasper  were  by  no  means 
all  of  that  type. 

On  returning  home  he  found  on  his  doorstep  a  little  basket  con- 
taining some  hot  biscuit,  a  jar  of  apple-butter  and  a  pat  of  cottage- 
cheese,  all  on  beautiful  china  and  covered  with  a  dainty  napkin. 
He  divined  at  once  that  it  was  a  thank-offering  for  the  morning's 
wood-splitting,  and  after  supper  took  the  dishes  to  Kate's  house. 

"Will  you  come  in?"  she  said  doubtfully,  almost  defiantly. 

"Thanks.  I'll  just  sit  here  on  the  steps  a  few  minutes,"  he  re- 
joined with  his  boyish,  winning  smile.  "I'm  tired ;  have  been  look- 
ing up  some  of  my  people.  By  the  way,  where  do  you  go  to 
church  ?" 

"Me?     Nowheres,     I'm  no  hypocrite." 

"Then  you  belong  to  us.  I  claim  every  one  that  doesn't  go  any- 
where." 

"Good  land!  You'll  have  your  hands  full  in  this  God-forsaken 
town !" 

After  a  pause  she  asked  abruptly:  "Did  Mac  tell  you  all  about 
me?" 

"Why — yes — I  guess  so." 


758  OUT    WEST 

''Then  I  reckon  you've  come  to  pluck  me  as  a  brand  from  the 
burning?" 

Her  face  grew  hard,  rejpellent,  and  he  wondered  how  he  could 
have  thought  her  pretty  that  morning. 

"Well,  fire  away!"  she  exclaimed,  abruptly  breaking  the  embar- 
rassing silence.  "I  can  stand  it.  Tell  me  I'm  wicked,  and  ruining 
my  life,  and  going  straight  to  the  devil." 

"God  forbid  that  I  should  cast  stones !" 

He  stopped  abruptly,  for  the  expression  called  up  a  picture  of 
his  Master  and  another  woman,  "who  was  a  sinner."  To  Kate, 
however,  the  words  evidently  suggested  a  more  recent  stoning,  for 
she  cried  with  a  blaze  of  anger :  "I  know  they  meant  to  stone  my 
house  last  night.  They  wouldn't  Ve  dared  do  it  if  Bill  had  been 
here!"  Then,  with  one  of  her  sudden  transitions  of  feeling,  she 
asked  curiously,  "Tell  me  just  what  you  do  think," 

"Frankly,  I  think  you  ought  to  go  home,  of  course,"  he  replied. 
"Your  duty  is  to  your  husband.    Would  he  take  you  back  ?" 

"He?"  she  repeated,  in  a  tone  of  weary  contempt  that  suggested 
years  of  gray  existence  with  a  humdrum  man.  "Oh,  yes,  he'd  take 
me  back,  on  account  of  the — " 

Ward  nodded  comprehendingly,  and  completed  the  sentence — 
''the  children." 

As  he  uttered  the  words  she  shrank  back  as  from  a  blow,  and 
clasped  her  hands  convulsively  over  her  bosom. 

"How  old  are  they?"  he  asked  gently. 

"The  oldest  is  five,  and  the  baby" — her  voice  broke — "baby  was — 
is^ — three  and  a  half." 

Suddenly  she  bowed  her  face  in  her  hands  and  sobbed  con- 
vulsively. 

The  young  clergyman  regarded  her  a  moment  doubtfully ;  then, 
with  wise  intuition,  he  arose,  quietly  bade  her  good-night,  and  left 
her  alone. 

He  saw  her  but  once  the  next  day,  a  momentary  glimpse  when 
she  stood  in  the  doorway  and  gave  him  a  mere  neighborly  nod  and 
smile. 

That  night  he  was  awakened  as  he  had  been  the  first  night  by 
a  loud  noise,  and  sitting  up  in  bed  he  heard  again  a  rattle  of  stones, 
only  it  was  against  Kate's  door  and  not  his.  Hastily  slipping  on 
some  clothes,  he  sprang  outside,  but  not  a  man  was  visible.  A 
glance  at  Kate's  house  showed  why,  for  in  the  open  doorway,  sil- 
houetted against  the  lamplight,  stood  Kate  herself,  with  something 
shining  in  her  hand. 

"You  cowards !  you  curs !"  she  cried.  "Afraid  of  a  woman  with 
a  gun!' 

Fearing  there  would  be  bloodshed  if  she  caught  sight  of  one  of 


THE  REDEMPTION  OP  ARKANSAW  KATE.         759 

them,  Ward  hurried  to  her  and  said :  "You  go  in.  ril  attend  to 
them." 

"You !"  she  exclaimed  fiercely,  turning  the  muzzle  of  the  revolver 
toward  his  breast.  "Who  asked  you  to  be  always  meddling  in  my 
affairs?" 

Pushing  the  weapon  aside,  he  said  quietly:  "Go  in,  and  lock 
the  door." 

He  fully  expected  a  further  outburst,  but,  much  to  his  surprise, 
she  did  as  he  bade  her. 

The  moment  the  door  was  shut,  a  dozen  forms  sprang  from 
behind  the  bushes  and  gathered  in  the  road,  and  several  voices 
called :  "This  ain't  your  funeral,  Elder.  You  go  home  and  leave 
us  alone.    We  ain't  got  no  quarrel  with  you." 

"Leave  him  to  me,  boys;  I'll  'tend  to  him!"  said  one  man,  step- 
ping forward. 

By  the  light  filtering  through  Kate's  window-shade  Ward  noticed 
apprehensively  that  the  fellow  seemed  giant-like  in  form. 

"Will  you  go  home  quiet,  or  will  I  take  you  ?"  asked  the  man. 

"I'll  go  when  you  go,"  returned  Ward. 

The  man  chuckled  good-humoredly.  "By  hell!  we'll  go  together 
then !"  he  cried,  seizing  the  clergyman  and  carrying  him  off  bodily. 

Evidently  the  task  was  more  than  he  had  bargained  for,  however, 
for  after  a  few  steps  he  dropped  his  burden  and  prepared  to  take 
a  fresh  hold.  This  was  the  opportunity  Ward  desired,  and,  sud- 
denly grabbing  the  man,  he  executed  a  trick  learned  from  a  Jap- 
anese fellow-student  in  college,  and  flung  him  clear  over  his  head. 

The  champion's  fall  was  greeted  with  hilarious  cheers  and  oaths. 
Picking  himself  up,  the  fellow  came  slowly  forward  and  extended 
his  hand,  saying,  "Elder,  shake !" 

Ward  took  the  proffered  paw  and  received  a  grip  that  made  him 
wince. 

"By  hell !"  cried  the  giant,  admiringly,  with  a  slap  on  the  back 
that  nearly  knocked  the  breath  from  the  clergyman's  body,  "you're 
a  man  I  You've  throwed  Lanky  Sam,  and  that's  more'n  any  other 
man  in  Jasper  can  say. 

"Come  on  down  town,  boys !  The  drinks  is  on  me  at  Major 
Wood's  Palace." 

The  following  morning  Ward  was  not  surprised  to  find  on  the 
doorstep  another  thank-offering  in  the  shape  of  a  pan  of  fresh, 
golden-brown  corn-bread.  When  he  started  to  return  the  pan  he 
was  moved  by  a  sudden  impulse  to  take  with  it  one  of  the  photo- 
graphs tacked  on  the  wall. 

As  he  showed  the  picture  to  Kate,  she  impulsively  snatched  it, 
crying:  "My  baby!  How  did  you  get  it?  Or,  no,  it  can't  be  my 
baby,  either.    Who  is  it?" 


760  OUT     WEST 

"My  sister's  boy.     Is  it  like  yours?"  he  asked. 

"It's  his  very  image,"  she  replied.  "The  dimples,  the  curls,  the 
three-cornered  smile — everything," 

The  hungry  look  in  her  eyes  made  his  heart  ache  for  her.  She 
studied  the  picture  again  and  again,  and  once,  when  he  did  not 
seem  to  be  looking,  she  hugged  it  tightly  to  her  breast.  On  his 
departure  when  she  held  it  out  to  him  slowly,  reluctantly,  he  ex- 
claimed somewhat  huskily:  "Oh,  you  keep  it.  I  can  get  another 
copy." 

On  his  next  trip  down  town  he  was  puzzled  over  the  attention 
and  unwonted  deference  shown  him.  Men  nudged  one  another 
on  his  appearance,  and  as  he  approached  a  loud-talking  group  in 
front  of  a  saloon  and  debated  whether  he  must  hug  the  wall  or  take 
to  the  gutter,  they  suddenly  made  a  lane  through  their  midst  and 
observed  a  respectful  silence  while  he  passed  by.  The  mystery  was 
solved  when  he  met  the  deputy  sheriff  in  the  postoffice. 

"Well,  parson,  I  hear  you  bested  Lanky  Sam  last  night,"  said 
Macpherson,  "I'm  glad  of  it.  'Twon't  hurt  you  a  mite  with 
the  boys,  or  with  Sam,  either. 

"By  the  way,"  and  he  drew  Ward  aside  confidentially,  "you're 
new  in  this  Western  country,  and  I  want  as  a  friend  to  give  you  a 
little  advice,  if  you'll  take  it.  Don't  have  too  much  to  do  with 
Arkansaw  Kate,  You  don't  know  Bill  Henderson.  He's  the  devil 
and  all,  and  if  he  suspected  any  one  of  trying  to  jump  his  claim — 

"Oh !  good  Lord,  man !"  he  cried,  hastily  stepping  back  at  the 
ominous  flashing  of  Ward's  dark  eyes ;  "I  didn't  mean  in  that  way. 
But  you  parsons  are  always  wanting  to  reform  some  one,  and  if 
you  reform  Kate,  Bill  will  shoot  you,  sure !" 

"Thank  you  for  your  kind  warning,  but  I  think  I  can  take  care 
of  myself,"  said  the  clergyman,  with  the  cheerful  optimism  of  youth. 
"At  all  events,  I  shall  continue  to  try  to  induce  that  woman  to  return 
to  her  children." 

The  next  two  days  being  Saturday  and  Sunday,  he  was  too  busy 
with  his  sermons  and  church  services  to  give  much  thought  to  Kate. 
His  Sunday  evening  sermon  was  on  the  love  of  God  for  all  of  His 
children.  When  he  had  read  his  text^  "Can  a  woman  forget  her 
child  ?  Yea,  they  may  forget,  yet  will  I  not  forget  thee,"  he  glanced 
over  the  congregation  and  saw  Kate  in  a  back  seat,  her  large  eyes 
fastened  expectantly  upon  his  face.  For  a  moment  there  was  a  dead 
silence,  for  he  remembered  that  the  first  portion  of  his  carefully 
prepared  manuscript  showed  that  women  did  forget,  and  as  he 
gazed  into  Kate's  hungry  eyes  he  felt  that  he  simply  could  not  read 
what  he  had  written.  Slowly,  impressively,  he  repeated  the  text, 
and  then  he  closed  his  manuscript  and  began  in  halting,  simple 
language  to  say  that  a  woman  may  seem  to  forget  her  child,  but  it 


THE  REDEMPTION  OF  ARKANSAW  KATE.         761 

is  only  seeming.  No  true  woman  does  or  can  ever  forget.  Mother- 
love  is  unquenchable,  stronger  than  death.  As  he  proceeded,  the 
words  came  more  freely,  but  all  through  the  sermon  he  was  con- 
scious of  Kate's  eyes  fixed  upon  him,  and  felt  that  he  was  talking 
to  her  alone,  and  from  her  expression  he  believed  that  the  message 
touched  her  heart. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  service  he  discovered  that  Kate  had 
slipped  away,  so  he  hurried  home  as  soon  as  possible,  for  he  ha9 
determined  to  see  her  again  that  night  and  follow  up  the  impression 
already  made.  But  when  he  arrived  at  his  house,  he  found,  to  his 
surprise,  that  her  windows  were  dark.  A  half  hour  later,  and  again 
just  before  retiring,  he  glanced  out  of  his  window,  but  there  was  no 
sign  of  a  light  next  door. 

The  following  morning,  as  soon  as  he  was  dressed,  he  went  across 
and  knocked  at  her  door,  without  getting  any  response,  and  after 
breakfast  he  tried  it  again,  with  the  same  result.  His  rapping 
only  awakened  empty  echoes,  and  when  he  went  around  the  building 
on  a  tour  of  discovery  he  found  that  both  doors  were  locked,  all 
the  windows  shut,  and  the  shades  drawn. 

He  had  a  feeling  that  she  had  not  been  home  all  night.  If  that 
were  the  case,  where  had  she  been?  Where  was  she  now?  Had 
anything  happened  to  her?  He  remembered  how  cloudy  and  dark 
the  previous  evening  had  been,  and  how  he  had  been  obliged  to 
light  several  matches  in  order  to  find  his  own  way  along  the  un- 
lighted  end  of  their  street. 

Looking  about  in  utter  perplexity,  his  glance  fell  upon  a  pile  of 
yellow  dirt  by  a  yawning  hole  not  far  away,  close  beside  the  road 
as  it  wandered  off  across  the  prairie,  and  the  sight  suddenly  sug- 
gested a  possibility  that  froze  him  with  horror.  Could  she  have 
passed  her  house  last  night  in  the  darkness  and  got  lost  on  the 
prairie  and  fallen  down  that  deserted  shaft  ? 

Rushing  into  his  house,  he  grabbed  up  a  stout  clothes-line  and 
ran  off  to  the  nearby  shaft.  Leaning  over  the  black  mouth,  he 
called  down  the  pit,  "Halloa!" 

Presently  came  Kate's  voice  faintly  from  the  depths:  "Is  that 
you,  Mr.  Ward?" 

"Yes.     Are  you  hurt?" 

"Not  much — but  I'm  'most  used  up.     Can  you  hurry?" 

"Yes.     How  far  down  are  you?" 

"About  forty  feet,  I  reckon.  I'm  on  a  board — part  of  a  plat- 
form— just  above  the  water.     I  can't  hold  on  long." 

"All  right.     I'll  be  down  in  half  a  minute." 

Hastily  dragging  an  old  windlass-roller  across  the  mouth  of  the 
shaft,  he  fastened  one  end  of  the  doubled  rope  to  it,  slid  down,  and 
secured  the  other  end  about  Kate's  body.     Then  he  climbed  out, 


762  OUT    WEST 

and  managed  to  pull  her  to  the  surface  and  get  her  to  her  house. 

As  he  had  surmised,  she  had  become  lost  the  previous  evening 
and  had  stepped  into  the  shaft,  luckily  plunging  straight  into  the 
water  that  half  filled  it,  aind  had  contrived  to  clamber  up  on  a  broken 
bit  of  platform. 

That  evening  when  he  called  at  her  house  to  see  if  she  needed 
anything,  he  found  her  engaged  in  packing  a  trunk. 

"Going  away?"  he  cried  in  amazement. 

"I'm  going  home — to  my  babies,"  she  replied,  simply.  "I  thought 
I  was  going  to  die  down  in  that  black  hole,  and  somehow  things 
look  different  when  you  think  your  time  has  come.  I  must  go  before 
Bill  gets  back.  Will  you  please  give  him  this  when  you  see  him?" 
and  she  handed  him  a  diamond  ring;  "and  this,"  taking  a  revolver 
from  a  table,  "is  for  yourself." 

"But,  my  dear  woman !     I  don't  need  that — " 

"You'll  need  it  if  Bill  suspects  you  helped  me  away.  You've 
saved  my  life,  and  I  don't  want  you  to  get  in  any  trouble  on  my 
account." 

"But  aren't  you  afraid  for  yourself?"  he  asked.  "He  may  follow 
you." 

"He  can't.  He  doesn't  know  where  my  home  is.  I  never  told 
him.  I  always  thought  1  might  want  to  go  back  some  day.  I 
reckon" — there  was  a  sudden  catch  in  her  voice — "I  reckon,  as  you 
said  Sunday,  I  never  quite  forgot  my  babies." 

The  following  morning  Ward  stood  and  watched  the  stage  rat- 
tling down  the  street  until  it  bore  her  out  of  sight.  Then,  with  a 
murmured  "Thank  God!"  he  turned  away,  but  as  his  glance  fell 
upon  her  house,  with  its  closed  door  and  drawn  shades,  it  seemed 
somehow  as  if  that  end  of  the  street  had  suddenly  become  very 
lonely. 

West  Somerville,  Mass. 


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PREPARATORY— 

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For  general  culture  or  teaching — embracing  Oral  and  Writ- 
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Write  the  Association 
for  particulars  regarding 
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prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinr ;  it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  North  Main  St.,  Los  Aareles 


NOTICE 

GET  AlV 

OUT  WEST  REPORT 

Owing  to  the  great  number  of  letters  received  by  the  OUT 
WEST  Magazine  asking  for  information  regarding  localities, 
companies,  and  general  subjects  pertaining  to  the  Pacific  Coast, 
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sons, for  the  purpose  of  supplying  reliable  information  and 
reports.  The  service  is  free  and  dependable — to  all  alike — and 
on  any  subject  or  locality  embraced  above. 

An  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"— a  personal  letter  giving  the 
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Anyone  desiring  to  find  the  locality  best  adapted  for  their 
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PORT" telling  where  to  find  exactly  the  place. 

If  uncertain  as  to  just  what  is  wanted,  where  wanted  or  how 
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This  department  service  is  open  alike  to  our  subscribers  and 
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Always  get  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"— then  you  are  sure. 

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statements  in  "OUT  WEST  REPORTS."  It  cannot  guarantee  that  any  particular 
investment  will  be  profitable,  or  any  particular  place  agreeable  to  the  individual. 

The  department  is  conducted  by  the  business  management  of  OUT  WEST, — not 
by  the  editorial  staff. 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    116-118  E.  Second. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  18,  1909. 

The  Mathie  Brewing  Company, 

1834-1858  East  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Gentlemen: 

For  several  years  I  tried  different  doctors  and  medi- 
cines for  indigestion,  sleeplessness  and  nervousness,  but 
to  no  avail.  My  father  asked  me  to  try  MATHIE'S 
MALT  TONIC,  and  after  using  it  for  some  time  I  felt 
much' better  and  my  general  health  was  much  improved, 
and  I  still  continue  to  use  it. 

Yours  gratefully, 

PEARL  ALDERETE. 


MATMIE    MALT    TONIC 


$1.50  Per  Dozen 


Delivered 


The  Mathie  Brewing  Co.        Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Home  Phone  Ex.  942        Sunset  Phone  East  66 


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SIX  TO   EIGHT    CROPS    OF  ALFALFA    YEARLY  AND  A 
HOME  IN  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA 


Md 

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1 

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•  ^ 

OUR  NEW  PLAN  BOOK  tells  how  you  can  secure  5  to  40  acres  of  Southern  California's  most  jertile  irrigated  valley 
land.  IT  TELLS  how  you  can  have  the  same  put  under  cultivation  for  little  money.  How  big  ptofils  are  made 
annually  upon  your  investment  without  moving  or  giving  up  present  business  until  ready. 

$1,500  PER  ACRE  is  being  made  from  these  rich  valley  lands  growing  fruit.  YOU  can  do  the  same.  BY  OUR 
PLAN  you  get  a  BIG  PROFIT  from  your  investment  the  second  year  and  it  increases  yearly.  Nothing  like  it 
ever  offered  before. 

WRITE  TO-DAY  for  our  new  plan  book,  etc.     DO  IT  NOW. 

NATIONAL  HOMESTEAD  ASSOCIATION  '''''■- 'i^^'tr^&iis'''cAt:iFSA 


fountain ... 

Is  Worth 
While 


A  place  apart  and 
unique.  A  mile  in 
the  sky.  Above  the 
clouds.  Among  giant 
pines,  beautiful  wa- 
terfalls— living  peo- 
ple. Palomar  air 
makes  new  blood.  People  come  up  here  t 
year.  They  declare  they  can't  afford  not 
your  white  collars  home,  but  bring  your  G 
we'll  provide  it.  Fine  Hunting,  Auto  and 
Humble  Burros,  Camp  Fires,  Dancing  an 
celled  Mountain  Cuisine — the  best  there  i 
crisp  vegetables  from  our  garden;  Jersey 
all  from  our  own  ranch.  It's  an  unfailing  e 
Good  Time.  You  might  drop  us  a  card  w 
room  or  a  tent.  Or  you  can  just  sleep  un 
strangers — nor  are  any  old!  Open  June  1 
folders. 


o  revitalize  and  tone  up  for  the  rest  of  the 
to.  And  say, — when  you  come,  leave 
cod  Time  along — if  possible.  H  not, — 
Stage  Trips.  Good  Saddle  Horses  and 
d  Tennis,  Sing-Songs  and  Larks.  Unex- 
s.  Fresh  meats  and  game  from  the  range; 
milk,  (plus  the  cream),  berries  and  fruit — 
quation — Good  Sport  —  Good  Living  —  A 
hen  you're  coming  and  we'll  save  you  a 
der  the  trees  and  the  stars.  Here  are  no 
St.     Auto  Stages  to  Mt.     Get  descriptive 


BAILEY  BROS.,  Props.,  Palomar,  Calif. 


Postoffice   Address:    Nellie.    San    Diego  Co.,  California. 


ANYVO  THEATRICAL  COLD  CREAM 


prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coatine: ;  it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  North  Main  St.,  Los  Anireles 


THOMAS  A1.LAN  BOX 


B.  R.  SKABROOK 


Great  [nthusiasm  Among  Santa  fe  Officials  and  Men 


/ 


^' 


Standard  Railway  Axle  and 
Wheels  equipped  with  the 
Seabrook-Box  Differential 
Railway  Axle  Coupler. 

THK    SC:ABR00K-B0X    differential    railway    axle    COUPLER    has    been 

placed  in  actual  service  on  Santa  Fe  Oil  Car  No.  96307,  and  has  been  doing  regular 
work  since  March  12th.  The  car  has  been  used  on  the  run  between  the  Olinda  Oil 
Fields  and  Victorville,  which  Is  the  other  side  of  the  Cajon  Pass.  This  gives  the  car 
the  hardest  possible  service.  It  has  made  one  trip  into  Los  Angeles,  where  a  large 
number  of  people  witnessed  a  very  severe  demonstration. 

The  service  of  this  car  demonstrates  fully  that  the  SEABROOK-BOX  DIFFEREN- 
TIAL railway  axles  are  50  per  cent  stronger  than  the  rigid  axles. 
It   is   pressed   together   in   the   same   way      It  adds  to  the  life  of  the  wheels  200  per 

that  the  wheels  are  pressed  on  the  axle. 
There    are    no     bolts,     screws,     rivets    or 

flanges  employed  in  this  axle  coupler. 
There  are  absolutely  no  loose  parts  except 

the  journal  movement  which  is  perfect. 
It  meets   with   the   M.   C.   B.   standards   in 

every  detail. 
It  does  not  in  any  way  interfere  with  the 

vested  interests. 
It  is  interchangeable. 
It  is  more  efficient  in  every  way  than  the 

rigid  axle. 
It  adds   to   the  life   of   the  axle   at   least 

100  per  cent. 
It  adds  to  the  life  of  the  rails  on  curves 

more  than  75  per  cent. 


cent. 
It  enables  a  locomotive  to  haul  from  25  to 
35  per  cent  greater  tonnage  without  the 
expenditure    of    any   additional    fuel    or 
labor. 
It  never  has  to   be  inspected. 
It  does  away  with  75  per  cent  of  the  flange 

wear. 
It  never  has  to  be  lubricated,  as  this  is 
accomplished  at  the  time  of  its  con- 
struction by  the  use  of  graphite  and 
will  last  the  entire  life  of  the  axle. 
It  is  endorsed  by  Railroad  Officials,  Su- 
perintendents of  Motive  Power,  Mas^r 
Car  Builders  and  Master  Mechanics  all 
over  the  world. 

All  of  the  above  statements  are  absolutely  confirmed  by  the  operation  of  the 
device,  now  on  the  car  in  actual  operation  on  the  Santa  Fe  railway.  We  are  now 
equipping  the  idle  axles  of  an  electric  car  for  the  San  Bernardino  Valley  Traction 
Company.  We  expect  to  begin  at  the  earliest  possible  date  to  equip  a  passenger  train, 
a  freight  train  and  a  locomotive. 

This  device  will  save  the  railroads  of  the  United  States  millions  of  dollars. 
Stock   is  selling  today  at   |1.00  per  share  and  may  advance  any  day  to   $2.00  per 
share. 

It  is  the  consensus  of  opinion  by  those  who  are  qualified  to  judge,  that  this  stock 
will  eventually  be  worth  from  $25.00  to  $100.00  per  share. 
For  further  information  address 

The  Western  Engineering  Company 

501-2-3  Herman  W.  Hellman  Bldg.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Bank    References:      Read    the    letter    of   endorsement    on    opposite    page. 
Coupon  and  mail  at  once. 


Cut   out 


Please 

send 

iiie 

furth 

er 
N 

information   in 
ante 

reference 

to 

the 

Dlferential 

Axle 

stock. 

Address.  . 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    116-118  E.  Second. 


The  Earliest  Land  in  the  United  States 

Must  be  the  Most  Valuable  Land  because  it 
produces  the  earliest  fruits  and  vegetables  and 
has  the  Longest  Growing  Season. 
The  Long  Growing  Season   is   one   of  the 
many  great  advantages  of  Coachella  Valley,  Cal. 

It  is  Bound  to  Become  the  Early  Garden  Spot  of  California 

Things  grow  every  day  in  the  year.  The  sun 
shines  360  days.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Elasily 
w^orked  and  holds  water  w^ell. 

The  "crop"  of  agricultural  land  in  California  is  about  all  harvested — and  there  will 
never  be  another  crop.  It  is  a  pity  but  it  is  a  fact.  There  will  be  other  sections  of  the 
United  States  opened  up,  but  they  have  not  and  never  will  have  the  many  advantages 
that  Southern  California  offers.  Agricultural  land  in  Southern  California  commands 
the  highest  prices  and  it  always  will,  and  why?  Because  they  net  the  greatest  re- 
turns by  producing  the  most  when  the  prices  are  the  highest.  Land  that  will  grow 
oranges  that  can  be  sold  on  the  Eastern  markets  in  November  or  December  for  $4 
to  $5  a  box,  is  worth  twice  as  much  as  land  that  produces  oranges  in  January  or 
February  that  sell  for  $2  to  $3.  It  is  the  same  with  all  other  fruits  and  vegetables. 
If  Redlands  orange  groves  are  worth  $1500  per  acre,  Coachella  groves  ought  to  be 
worth  a  good  deal  more.  Water  is  plentiful,  the  soil  is  of  the  very  best,  the  product 
is  superior,  the  market  is  nearer,  no  damaging  frosts  and  above  all  the  season  is 
four  to  eight  weeks  earlier.  These  are  acknowledged  facts.  That  is  why  Redlands 
and  Riverside  orange  growers  are  buying  land  in  Coachella  Valley. 

The  Conchillg  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co. 

was  organized  to  acquire  and  develop  these  lands.  No  land  will  be  placed  on  the 
market  until  it  is  fully  improved  and  on  a  good  paying  basis.  We  have  no  land  for 
sale  now  but  will  have  by  November  or  December.  We  are  now  developing  water 
for  a  200-acre  tract.  Grapes,  oranges,  etc.,  are  growing  on  a  part  of  this  tract.  We 
have  arranged  to  plant  70  acres  to  alfalfa  in  September  and  cut  one  crop  this  year. 
This  laYid  produces  NINE  cuttings  a  year  of  from  one  to  two  tons  per  cutting. 
Where  is  there  a  better  place  to  grow  alfalfa?  The  company  will  harvest  the  alfalfa 
while  the  lands  remain  in  their  possession,  the  proceeds  from  which  will  pay  all  ex- 
penses and  a  good  dividend  on  the  stock.  It  increases  the  value  of  the  land.  The 
purchasers  of  the  land  wilj  have  a  good  paying  proposition  from  the  day  they  buy. 
The  land  will  be  sold  in  5-acre  or  larger  tracts  with  a  perpetual  water  right.  One 
share  of  water   goes   with   each   acre   of  land. 

While  we  have  no  land  for  sale  just  yet,  we  have  something  better,  something 
that  you  can  convert  into  land  at  your  pleasure  and  at  an  increased  value.  It  is  the 
CAPITAL  STOCK  of  the  company,  convertible  into  land  as  soon  as  we  have  land  for 
sale.  The  company  will  exchange  land  for  Convertible  Stock,  giving  $125  worth  of 
land  (market  value)  for  each  share.  Under  this  provision  of  the  by-laws  this  stock 
is  worth  at  least  $125  as  soon  as  the  company  has  land  for  sale  and  it  should  be 
worth  much  more  as  it  shares  in  the  profits  of  the  company.  There  is  no  bonded 
indebtedness.  The  stock  has  first  lien  on  the  entire  property  and  is  secured  by  over 
$200  worth  of  land  per  share.  There  are  only  250  shares  of  Convertible  Stock  to  be 
issued  and  half  of  tliis  has  already  been  sold.  The  other  block  of  stock  will  NOT  be 
convertible. 

PRICE  AND  TERMS:— We  now  offer,  subject  to  sale,  about  120  shares  ($12,000) 
of  this  Convertible  Capital  Stock  at  par — $100.  Those  desiring  to  do  so  can  pay 
$27.50  per  share  with  subscription  and  balance  in  three  equal  monthly  payments  of 
$25.     Subscription  blanks,  descriptive  circulars  and  detail  information  can  be  secured  of 

Conchilla  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co.  Coachella,  Cal. 

E..   G.   Hamilton,  Sec'y-Treas.,  3110   Budlon^  Ave.,   Los  A.ng'ele8,  CaL 
E.   O,   Durdon    (EL  Co.»    Colman   Bldg.,    Seattle,    W^ash. 


Let  Us  Send 
You  a  Case  of 
California's 
Best    Wines 


WE    PAY    THE    FREIGHT   TO   ANY  POINT 
IN   THE   U.  S.   ON   THE   FOLLOWING: 

SPECIAL  NO.  1 

Two  cases  of  8-year  old  assorted  California  wines,  every  drop  pure  and 
wholesome;  freight  included  to  any  point,  for  only $10 

SPECIAL  NO.  2 

Two  cases  of  our  10-year-old  assorted  California  wines.  Boxed  free 
and  freight  prepaid,  for  onl}' ., $12 

SPECIAL  NO.  3 

Two  cases  of  assorted  California  wines — fine  private  stock.  15  years 
old.  This  special  also  includes  one  bottle  of  California  brandy  and 
one  bottle  of  apricot  brandy,  packed  free  and  freight  prepaid  to  any 
point,  for  onlj- $15 

SPECIAL  NO.  4 

Two  cases  of  our  famous  Gold  Medal  wines,  including  one  bottle  of 
California  Champagne,  one  bottle  best  brandy  andV)ne  bottle  apricot 
brandy.     Packed  free,  freight  prepaid  to  any  point,  for  only $22 

633  SiXLUhTTUUnJjt. 

t1:  'ME-£.  X-  9/9  JUNJET  MA /N  919 

LOS    ANGELES,    CALIPORINIA 


ALASKA -YUKON -PACIFIC 

Exposition,  Seattle,  Wash. 

From 

Los  Angeles 

STOP-OVER  ANY  PLACE— GOOD  SIXTY 
DAYS 

Three  palatial  trains  daily  between  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Portland. 

The  Exposition 

Is  ready  to  welcome  you.  A  delightfullj'  cool 
trip  to  the  great  Bacific  Northwest. 

Shasta  Route  Scenery  Rivals  the  World 

Mount  Shasta  in  sight  all  day.  You  cross  the 
tumbling,  picturesque  Sacramento  River  nine- 
teen times  in  as  many  miles. 

Correspondingly  low  rates  from  all  Califor- 
nia points. 

Ask  any  agent  for  particulars. 

Southern  Pacific 

600  South  Spring  Street,  Comer  Sixth 

Arcade  Station,    5th   Street  and 
Central  Avenue 


am^/^ 


BDUTHERN 
PACIFIC 


Yosemite 


All  Rail  All  the  Year 


To  the  Heart  of  the  Valley 

An  easy  and  comfortable  trip  to  Nature's 
M.  Greatest  Wonders 


W'lT'r-M 


Side  trips  at  low  rates.  Yo- 
semite to  Wawona  and  the 
wonderful 


Mariposa 
Big  Trees 

See  Special  Yosemite  Represen- 
tative at 

600  South  Spring  Street 
.Corner  Sixth 

Southern  Pacific 


On.... 
The  Trail 


Grand 
Canyon 


OF  ARIZONA 

/^N  Bright  Angel  Trail 
^^  trip  to  the  river— deep 
down  in  the  earth  a  mile  and 
more  —  you  see  the  history  of 
the  birth  and  physical  devel- 
opment of  this  earth  and  all 
glorified  by  a  rainbow  beauty 
of  color.  Trails  are  open 
the  year  round. 
Excursion  rates  during  summer 
fl  Bear  in  mind  when  going 
East  — The... 

California 
Limited 

is  the  only  exclusively  first 
class  train  to  the  East  via  any 
line.     Our  folders  tell. 


JNO.  J.  BYRNE.  A. P.  T.  M. 
LOS  ANGELES 


A  LITTLE  MONEY 


Santa  Fe 

%  WJ 


GOES  A  LONG  WAY 


Back  East 

I  Exc«i*sions  I 


Chicago $72.50 

Kansas  City 60.00 

Memphis 67.50 

New  Orleans 67.50 

New  York .; 108.50 

St.  Louis 67.50 

Toronto 95.70 

Washington,  D.  C 107.50 

Low  rates  to  many  other  points 

On  Sale  September  7  to  1 0,  1  3  to  15 
inclusive.  Sept.  4  and  5  to  Chicago 
only.     October   1  and  2. 

Limit — Tickets  sold  on  September  dates   will 
be  limited  to  October  31,1 909. 

Tickets  sold  on  October  dates  will  be   limited 
to  November  30,  1909. 

Stopover    privileges    including    Grand    Canyon 
and  Petrified  Forest. 

For  detail  information  address 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE,  A.P.T.M. 
Los  Angeles 

Santa  Fe 


The  Los  Angeles  Limited  runs  daily 
from  Los  Angeles  via  Salt  Lake  Route, 
Union  Pacific  and  Chicago  and  North- 
western with  finest  of  electric  lighted 
equipment.  Also  carries  a  standard 
sleeper  from  Los  Angeles  t  o  Denver, 
Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis.  Full. particu- 
lars at  all  ticket  offices  and  at  601  South 
Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles. 

F.  A.  Wann,  General  Traffic  Manager. 
T.  C.  Peck,  General  Passenger  Agent. 


The  Value 
of  Personal  Knowledge 


Personal  knowledge  is  the  winning  factor  in  the  culminating 
contests  of  this  competitive  age  and  when  of  ample  character  it 
places  Its  fortunate  possessor  in  the  front  ranks  of 

The  Well  Informed  of  the  ^Vorld. 

A  vast  fund  of  personal  knowledge  is  really  essential  to  the 
achievement  of  the  highest  excellence  in  any  held  of  human  effort. 

A  Knowledge  of  Forms,  Knowledge  of  Functions  and 
Knowledge  of  Products  are  all  of  the  utmost  value  and  in  ques- 
tions of  life  and  health  when  a  true  and  wholesome  remedy  is 
desired  it  should  be  remembered  that  Syrup  of  Figs  and  Elixir 
of  Senna,  manufactured  by  the  California  Fig  Syrup  Co.,  is  an 
ethical  product  which  has  met  with  the  approval  of  the  most 
eminent  physician  and  gives  universal  satisfaction,  because  it  is 
a  remedy  of 

Known  Quality,  Known  Excellence  and  Known  Component 
Parts  and  has  won  the  valuable  patronage  of  millions  of  the 
Well  Informed  of  the  world,  who  know  of  their  own  personal 
knowledge  and  from  actual  use  that  it  is  the  first  and  best  of 
family  laxatives,  for  Avhich  no  extravagant  or  unreasonable 
claims  are  made. 

This  valuable  remedy  has  been  long  and  favorably  known 
under  the  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs — and  has  attained  to  world- 
wide acceptance  as  the  most  excellent  family  laxative.  As  its 
pure  laxative  principles,  obtained  from  Senna,  are  well  known  to 
physicians  and  the  Well  Informed  of  the  world  to  be  the  best 
we  have  adopted  the  more  elaborate  name  of — Syrnp  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna — as  more  fully  descriptive  of  the  remedy,  but 
doubtless  it  will  always  be  called  for  by  the  shorter  name  of^ 
Syrup  of  Figs — and  to  get  its  beneficial  effects,  always  note,  when 
purchasing  the  full  name  of  the  Company — California  Fig  Syrup 
Co. — printed  on  the  front  of  every  package,  whether  you  call 
for — Syrup  of  Figs — or  by  the  full  name — Syrup  of  Figs  a.nd 
Elixir  of  Senna. 


California  Fig  Syrup  Co. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL., 
LOUISVILLE,  KY.  Lox^do^.^Eng.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."   116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


Los  Angeles 
Pacific  Co. 


ELECTRIC  LINES 


The    Shortest    and    Quickest    Line 

Between  Los  Angeles  and 

the  Ocean 

See  Venice,  Santa  Monica,  Ocean  Park, 
National  Soldiers'  Home,  Playa  del 
Rey,  Redondo. 

FiMh  at   LONG  WHARF, 

Port  lioa  AnseleM, 

or  Playa  del  Rey 

Take  the 
Balloon  Route  Fxcurwion 
One  Whole  Day  for  $1.00 

Showing  a  part  of  California's  Finest 
Scenery.  28  Miles  Right  Along  the 
Ocean.  An  Experienced  Guide  With 
Each  Car. 

Cars    Leave    Hill    Street    Station     9:40 
a.  m.  Daily 

LiOM  Angeles  Passenger   Station 

Hill  St.,   Bet.   Fourth  and  Fifth 


Los  Angeles 
Brewing  Company's 


Pure  and  "WHolesome 

LAGER  BEERS 

Are  a  Home  Product  not  ex- 
celled by  any  Eastern 
Manufacture 


Why  Not  Try  It? 


PHONES 

Sunset  East  820  Home  Exch.  820 


A  Better  Jar 

Means  Better  Preserving 

Small  mouth  jars,  of  poor  glass,  uneven 
thickness,  and  with  a  rough  edge  at  top,  mean 
loss  and  disappointment  at  preserving  time. 
A  jar  bearing  the  name  "Atlas"  insures 
success  in  preserving.  No  fruit  is  ever  lost 
through  fault  in  an 

ATLAS 

E-Z  Seal  Jar 

(Lightning  TrimmingB) 
It  is  the  one  perfect  jar  made — is  extra  quality 
glass — even  thickness — strong  and  smooth  at 
top  (with  glass  cap) — and  seals  perfectly  with 
a  simple  pressure  of  the  hand.     The 

ATLAS  SPECIAL  MASON 

is   an   equally  good  jar  with  very  wide  mouth, 
but  closes  with  screw  cap. 

If  your  dealer  cannot  Bupply  these  Jars, send  ug  $8, 
and  we  will  express  prepaid  thirty  (S0>  quart  size  Atlas 
i.-C  Skai,  jAKstonny  lipwii  huvini?  an  office  of  the  Adamt 
or  I  niled  States  Kx press  Co.,  within  the  ."^tateB  of  I'enn- 
«)lvania.  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Delaware,  Maryland, 
A  ircinia.  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana  or 
Mii'hiKan,  or  we  will  quote  delivery  prices  in  other  por- 
tions of  tlie  United  States  by  freight  or  express. 

A  Book  of  Preserving  Recipes 

Sent  free  to  every  woman  who  sends  us  the  name  of  her 
grocer,  stating  whether  or  not  he  sells  Atlas  jars. 

HAZEL-ATLAS  GLASS  CO^  Wbeellnq.  W.Va. 


STYLE 

NEATNESS 
COMFORT 

THE  IMPROVED 

BOSTON 
GARTER 

^8  The  Name  is  stamped  on 
every  loop  —  Be  sure  it's  there 


^^ 


C^^      cus^ 


CUSHION 
BUTTON 


CLASP 


LIES  FLAT  TO  THE  LEG— NEVER 
SLIPS, TEARS,  NOR  UNFASTENS 

WORN  ALL  OVER  THE  WORLD 

Sample  pair,  Silk  50c.,  Cotton  25c. 
Mailed  on  receipt  of  price. 

GEORGE  FROST  CO.,  Makers 
Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

INSIST  ON    HAVING   THE   GENUINE 
■^  REFUSE  ALL  SUBSTITUTES  '^— 


A    Delicious    Drink 

Baker's  Cocoa 

made  by  a 
scientific 
blending  of 
the  best 
tropical  fruit 

52  HIGHEST  AWARDS 

Walter  Baker  &  Co.  Ltd. 

EtubMcd  1780  Dorchester,  Mass. 


Order  a  Box 
by  Mail 


^p&fwf^ 


Cfiocole>^teS 

If  you  can't  buy  Rough  House 

from  your  dealer  send  us  sixty 
cents  in  stamps  for  a  pound 
box.  We  pay  the  postage. 
The  chocolates  not  like  any  you 
have  had  before  —  hard  and 
chewy  centers  —  no  creams. 
Twelve  different  styles. 

BISHOP  &  COMPANY 

LOS  ANGELES.  CALIFORNLV 


?f1 


Gioose 
Yonr  Oil  As  Yon 
Would  Yonr  Car 

Imperfect  lubrication  Causes 
more  trouble,  more  expense, 
more  breakdowns  than  any- 
thmg  else  about  your  car. 
There'll  be  no  carbon 
deposit  to  foul  the  cylinder 
and  spark-slugs,  no  friction, 
no  oil   troubles   if   you  get 

lEROLEHE 

Anto  Lnbricating  OU 

Yon  can  count  on  perfect  Inbrica- 
tion  at  all  times,  nnder  all  conditions, 
entire  freedom  from  trouble  with 
carbon  deposits,  and  increased 
power  from  your  engine. 

Zerolene  is  made  in  one  {?ra</fon/t/, 
for  all  types  of  cylinders  and  bear- 
ings. Produced  only  in  one  place  in 
the  world.  Put  up  in  sealed  cans 
with  patent  spout  that  cannot  t>e  re- 
filled. Also  in  barrels  for  garage 
trade.  .'<old  bv  dealers  everywhere. 
Write  for  booklet,  "21,000  miles  with 
Zerolene",  Kree. 

STANDARD  OIL  COMPANY. 

(Incorporated) 


VO^P  PIANOS 

^^    ^^  ^r  ^fc     y  ^^L     i  home  free  of  expense.    W 


have  beea  established  OTer  60  ytits.  By  our  system 
of  paymentsevery  family  in  moderate  circumstances 
can  own  a  VOSE  piano.  We  take  old  instruments 
in  exchang-e  and  deliver  the  new  piano  in  your 
rite  for  Catalogrue  D  and  explanations. 


lEPTEMBER,  1909 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  3 


ir^»{Eyjimgj'i"!W!B:.aBIJIi'J^^^  *i^iWi|»i«IJItiiMWUMiMaWW| 


OUT  WE3T 


1  ^ 


{ 


*C  COPY 


BACK    OF      US 
•IN        FRONT 


LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

MASON  OPERA  HOUSE 


$3 


A 

YEAR 


Create  a  New  Skin  with 

Anita  Cream 


Nothing  better  for  Removing  Tan  and  Freckles 

SO  Cents  a  Jar 

Of  all  druggists  or  from 


(jj^Q^^iij^^^ 


LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


GOVERNMENT 


Irrigation  now  under  con- 
struction in  Glenn  County. 
The  cheapest  Alfalfa  and 
Orange  land  in  California. 
The  Central  Irrigating 
Canal,  the  largest  in  Cali- 
fornia now  ready  to  furnish 
water  to  all.  Our  oranges 
are  ripe  one  month  earlier 
than  southern  California. 
^  Write  for  prospectus. 


W.  £.  GERMAIN 

p.  O.  Box  65 
Willows,  Glenn  Co.,      California 


SIINALOA  LANDS 

In  Sinaloa,  Mexico,  2  days  from  Los  Angeles,  Delta  of  the  Fuerte  River.  Every- 
thing green  all  the  year.  Water  and  R.  R.  transportation.  Fine  climate,  extremely 
fertile  soil.  German  colony  within  a  mile.  50  Americans  within  25  miles.  6500 
acres  in  lots  of  100  acres  at  $10  an  acre.  $25  down  and  $10  per  month.  Also  2500 
acres  near  Bamoa,  10  miles  to  R.  R.,  8  miles  to  gulf.  Rich  soil,  hardwood  timber. 
Farms  of  56  to  175  acres.  Same  price  and  terms.  Also  2,000,000  acres  of  coast,  foot- 
hill and  timber  lands  at  $2  to  $25  per  acre.  Mines,  little  and  big.  Call  and  see  our 
exhibit  of  Mexican  products.     Write  for  booklet. 


The  West  Mexico  Co. 


529-531  Byrne  Building 


Los  Angeles 


NAVAJO      BLANKETS 

AND     INDIAN     CURIOS     AT    W^  H  O  L  E  S  A  L  E 

I  have  more  than  250  weavers  in  my  employ,  including  the  most  skilful  now 
living,  and  have  taken  the  greatest  pains  to  preserve  the  old  colors,  patterns, 
and  weaves.  Every  blanket  sold  by  me  carries  my  personal  guarantee  of  its 
quality.  In  dealing  with  me,  you  will  get  the  very  finest  blankets  at  wholesale 
prices.  I  also  handle  the  products  of  the  Hopi  (Moqui)  Indians,  buying  them  un- 
der contract  with  the  trading  posts  at  Keam's  Canyon  and  Oraibi  and  selling 
them    at    wholesale. 

I  have  constantly  a  very  fine  selection  of  Navajo  silverware  and  jewelry, 
Navajo  "rubies"  cut  and  uncut,  peridots  and  native  turquois.  Also  the  choicest 
modern  Moqui  pottery,  and  a  rare  collection  of  prehistoric   pottery. 


J.  L  HUBBELL, 


Indian    Trader 


Write  for  my  Catalogue 
and  Price  List 


Ganado,  Apache  Co.,  Arizona 


Irrig'ated 
Farms 


OF  FIVE  ACRES 
AND  UPWARDS 

in  the  Counties  of 

Ftcsno  and  Merced 
California 

MILLER  AND  LUX 

Los  Banos,    Merced     County 
California 


A  GOOD  SUIT 

For  Men  or  Boys 

TT  is  a  source  of  great  satis- 
faction  to  get  one  that 
will  fit  well,  tailored  properly, 
with  quality  and  good  value 
that  is  sure  to  please.  Our 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  has 
made  our  success  for  over 
a  quarter  of  a  century. 


CLOTHING  COMPANY 


Cor.  Spring  &  F  irst 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Qviality  Store 


Eucalyptus  as  an  Investment 

33  ' ',  '/i    per  annum  compound  interest 


We  sell  you  land 
--not  stock--plant 
it  to  eucalyptus 
trees —  California 
mahogany — 780  to 
each  acre  —  care 
for  it — g-uarantee 
It  —  give  you  a 
Seed  to  it — provide 
a  market  for  the 
crop — the  volume 
of  sales  and  enor- 
mous acreage  in- 
sures market  — 
also  insures  high- 
est price  for  com- 
mercial timber — 
you  buy  land  for 
cash — or  on  easy 
monthly  instal- 
ments— a  savings 
bank  investment-- 
so  much  deposit 
every  month — and 
in  a  few  years 
you  own  a  com- 
petence. 


N  o  risk  —  no 
worry — no  work — 
absolutely  safe — 
as  certain  as  the 
rising  sun  —  the 
most  profitable 

crop  grown — bet- 
ter for  rnost  peo- 
ple than  life  in- 
surance— than  or- 
dinary real  estate 
— than  stocks  or 
bonds — than  sav- 
ings banks — send 
for  beautifully  il- 
lustrated booklets 
— bulletins — maps, 
etc. — all  free  for 
the  asking— your 
investment  will 
earn  33  1-3%  per 
annum  compound- 
ed —  a  deferred 
dividend,  cumula- 
tive endowment — 
best  for  you,  your 
future  and  your 
family  —  do  it 
today. 


Eucalyptus  Timber  Corporation 


358  South  Broadway- 


Los  Angeles.  California 


XTbe  (Berman  Savings 
anb  Xoau  Socleti2 

[A  member  of  the  Associated  Siavinfs  Banks  of  Sa(^  Francisco] 

526  California  St.,  San  Franciscy,  CaL 

Guaranteed  Capital 


Capital  actually  paid  up  in  cash 
Reserve  and  Contingent  Funds 
Deposits  June  30.  1909     . 
Total  Assets 


$  I.20dp00.00 
$  l.OOO.OOO.OO 
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OFFICERS:  President,  N.  Ohlandt;  First  Vice- 
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BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS:  N.  Ohlandt.  Daniel 
Meyer.  Emil  Rohte.  Ign.  Steinhardt,  I.  N.  Walter,  J. 
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S.  Goodfellow. 

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Get 
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A  Story  of 

Eucalyptus 

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with  facts  about  this 
wonderful  new  indus- 
try. Investigate  now. 
A  small  payment  dow^n 
and  small  payments 
monthly  w^ill  mean  a 
perpetual  income  a  little 
later  on. 

Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co. 

2 1  1  Mercantile  Place 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Bailey*s  Rubber   Complexion 
Brushes  ^  Massage  Rollers 

Make,  Keep  and  Restore  Beauty  in  Nature's  own  way 


/™!B 


FLAT-ENDED  TEETH 


with  circular  biting  edges  that  remove  dust  caps, 
cleanse  the  skin  in  the  bath,  open  the  pores,  and  give 
new  life  to  the  whole  body.  Bailey's  Rubber 
Brushes  are  all  made  this  way.  Mailed  for  price. 
Beware  of  imitations.     At  all  dealers. 

Bailey's  Rubber  Complexion  Brush  .  .  $  .."iO 
Bailey's  Rubber  Massage  Roller  .        .  .50 

Bailey's  Bath  and  Shampoo  Brush  .        .  .75 

Bailey's  Rubber  Bath  and  Flesh  Brush      .        .         1.00 


Bailey's  Rubber  Toilet  Brush  (small) 
Bailey's  Skin  Food  (large  jar) 


.25 
.50 


Bailey's 

Won  t  Slip 

TIP 

This  tip  won't  slip  on 
ANY  SURFACE,  on 
smooth  ice,  or  mar  the 
most  highly  polished 
floor.  Made  in  five 
sizes.internal  diameter: 
No.  17,  %  in. J  No.  18,  % 
in.;  No.  19,  %  in.;  No. 
20,  lin.;  No.  21,  m  in. 
Mailed  upon  receipt  of 
price,  30c.  per  pair. 
Agents  wanted. 

100  Page  Rubber  Catalogue  Free. 

C.  J.  BAILEY  &  CO..  22  BoyUtan  St.,  BOSTON.  Mass. 


KIDDER'S  PASTILLES  M  years."^     Sold  by  all 

M^^^^^^Mi— ^^^M   DniKKists.      35    cents. 
STOWKLXi  &  CO..  Mfrs.,  Charlestow^n,  Mass. 


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**Select"  Beer 


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CALIFORNIA    LANDS 


EUCALYPTUS  land  for  sale.  We  plant  it  to 
trees  and  care  for  it.  We  provide  a  market  for 
the  crop  and  Insure  highest  price  for  commercial 
timber.  Terms  are  cash  or  monthly  instalments, 
as  you  prefer.  A  savings  bank  investment.  No 
risk,  no  worry,  no  work,  absolutely  safe  and 
the  most  profitable  crop  grown.  For  booklet 
and  particulars  address  Eucalyptus  Timber  Cor- 
poration, 358  So.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


IRRIGATED  FARM  LANDS  In  Fresno  and 
Merced  Counties,  California — Sold  in  tracts  of 
five  acres  and  up.  A  postal  card  will  bring 
you  particulars  regarding  the  finest  lands  in 
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FOR  EUCALYPTUS  lands,  investments  and 
particulars  address  us.  Ask  for  our  Story  of 
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HEMET-HEMET-HEMET-SOUTHERN  CAL- 
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Co..  Hemet,  Cal.,  or  Los  Angeles  ofl^ce,  553  So. 
Spring  street. 

SUNNYVALE  ACRES — Beautiful  acre  and  half 
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MEXICO,  State  of  Sinaloa — Two  days  from  Los 
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Rich  soil.  Hardwood  timber,  farming,  fruit  and 
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acre  up.  For  literature  and  particulars  address 
The  West  Mexico  Co.,  529-531  Byrne  Bldg.,  Los 
Angeles,   Cal. 

MEXICAN  TROPICAL  LAND  CO.,  209-210 
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ment.     Address   for  booklet   as   above. 

TEPIC,  MEXICO.  On  the  West  Coast.  Shares 
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in  five  years.  Share  in  the  profits,  $5  per  share, 
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{)     4  635"S0UTH  MAIN5T 
.     LOS    ANGELES  CAL. 


Let  Us  Send 
You  a  Case  of 
California's 
Best   Wines 


WE    PAY    THE    FREIGHT   TO  ANY  POINT 
IN   THE   U.  S.   ON   THE   FOLLOWING: 


SPECIAL  NO.  1 

Two  cases  of  8-}'ear  old  assorted  California  wines,  every  drop  pure  and 
wholesome;  freight  included  to  any  point,  for  only $10 


SPECIAL  NO.  2 

Two  cases  of  our  10-year-old  assorted    California    w-ines.      Boxed    free 
and  freight  prepaid,  for  only $12 


SPpCIAL  NO.  3  . 

Two  cases  of  assorted  California  wines — fine  private  stock,  15  years 
old.  This  special  also  includes  one  bottle  of  California  brandy  and 
one  bottle  of  apricot  brandy,  packed  free  and  freight  prepaid  to  any 
point,  for  only $15 


SPECIAL  NO.  4 

Two  cases  of  our  famous  Gold  Medal  wines,  including  one  bottle  of 
California  Champagne,  one  bottle  best  brandy  and  one  bottle  apricot 
brandy.     Packed  free,  freight  prepaid  to  any  point,  for  only $22 

655  SxruJ:hTTUunJjt. 


tlOME'EX*  9/9 


sSUNJET  MAIN  919 


LOS    ANGELES,     CALIPORINIA 


Philippe  Francois  Renault 


/b'i 


▼HE    NATION    BACK    OF   US,    THE    WORLD    IN    FRONT 


OUT^CST 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  3  SEPTEMBER,   1909 

^ALEXANDER  STIRLING  CALDER 

By  HECTOR  ALLIOT 
ATURAL  fondness  for  decoration,  guided  by  his  imita- 
tive ability,  led  man  to  first  ornament  his  implements 
and  his  habitation  with  crude  carvings  of  the  forms 
about  him. 

Since  the  dawn  of  human  consciousness  a  desire  for 
visible  expression,  through  the  arts,  of  man's  hopes  and  cherished 
ideals  has  manifested  itself.  So  that  with  the  development  of  his 
higher  faculties  this  primitive  modeling  in  wood  or  clay  gradually 
evolved.into  sculpture,  as  we  understand  it  today. 

For  centuries  sculpture  remained  the  hand-maid  of  architecture — 
in  fact,  until  the  Hellenic  period  of  culture — when  it  segregated 
itself  and  became  an  independent  art.  But  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  it  has  occupied  a  particular  field  of  its  own,  sculpture  has  always 
remained  the  highest  form  of  embellishment  for  monumental  archi- 
tecture. 

In  this  age  of  utilitarianism,  years  have  intervened  practically 
everywhere  between  the  period  of  constructing  useful  buildings,  and 
that  in  which  beautiful  edifices  have  been  erected,  adorned  with 
sculptured  ornamentation.  Expression  in  plastic  art  is  the  touch- 
stone of  a  commonwealth's  culture.  It  mar'ks  the  moral  and  artistic 
development  of  a  community,  and  denotes  a  wholesome  maturity  of 
esthetic  appreciation.  It  is,  therefore,  gratifying — yet  somewhat  re- 
markable— that  in  Pasadena,  a  city  far  removed  from  the  great  art 
centers  of  the  world,  there  should  be  nearing  completion  a  building 
with  a  superb  sculptured  entrance,  different  in  character  and  con- 
ception from  anything  heretofore  executed. 

Throop  Polytechnic  Institute,  of  that  city,  has  a  board  of  trustees 
composed  of  men  who  have  faith  in  their  college,  and  in  the  refining 
influence  of  beauty  upon  young  minds  in  the  forming.  These  men 
believe  that  art  today  is  a  necessity  and  not  a  riotous  waste  of  wealth. 
When  Myron  Hunt  and  Elmer  Gray,  designers  of  the  new  group  of 
buildings  for  the  Institute,  suggested  the  introduction  into  the  archi- 
tectural scheme  of  ornate  monumental  archways,  over  the  main  en- 
trance, the  Trustees  enthusiastically  seconded  the  proposition. 


ALEXANDER  STIRLING  C ALDER  767 

The  architects,  in  making  this  suggestion,  may  possibly  have  been 
strongly  influenced  by  their  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  there  was 
here  a  sculptor  of  national  fame,  capable  of  executing  such  a  con- 
ception. Alexander  Stirling  .Calder,  in  the  model  requested  of  him, 
so  successfully  harmonized  his  own  lofty  inspirations  with  the  plans 
of  the  architects  and  the  educational  ideals  of  the  Institute  that  he 
was  commissioned  to  proceed  at  once  with  the  elaboration  of  his 
sketch.  Thus,  through  the  agreeable  collaboration  of  cultured  clients 
and  artists  of  exalted  and  sincere  purpose,  was  begun  the  most  im- 
portant architectural  and  sculptural  accomplishment  of  the  South- 
west. 

It  seems  a  singularly  felicitous  coincidence  that  this  artistic  and 
epoch-making  achievement  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  should  be 
commenced  in  the  same  year  in  which  the  authorities  of  the  Brooklyn 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences  should  have  decided  to  spend  $122,000 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  for  the  placing  of  eighty  statues  about  the 
four  cornices  of  their  new  museum  building.  Our  Western  civiliza- 
tion is  keeping  pace. 

Calder's  monumental  portico  is  simple  and  strong.  The  inter- 
pretation of  spiritual  and  imaginative  conceptions  through  new- 
symbols — broad  and  free — is  a  characteristic  feature,  enhanced  by  a 
virile  yet  finished  technique.  There  is  a  directness  in  the  modeling, 
the  ideas  are  forcibly  expressed,  in  a  manner  natural  yet  majestic. 
For  those  who  admire  and  understand  architectural  sculpture,  the 
work  presents  a  marked  distinction  in  its  breaking  away  from  the 
fetters  of  demi-classicism.  The  artist  has  translated  his  ideas  into 
clay  boldly,  without  a  too  servile  adherence  to  the  modern  accepted 
canons  of  Greek  sculpture. 

While  the  style  of  the  Institute  buildings  is  that  of  the  Spanish 
Renaissance,  and  the  sculptor  has  successfully  inspired  himself  of  the 
same  period  in  so  far  as  general  arrangement  of  masses  goes, 
Calder's  work  is  not  mere  decoration,  in  'keeping  with  a  certain 
style,  but  the  expression  of  the  ideals  of  the  institution,  and  the 
plastic  utterances  of  its  aims  and  scope.  No  ornamentation  for  the 
building's  sake — but  thoughts  in  stone. 

Modern  education  can  be  resolved  into  six  great  representative 
themes :  Nature,  Art,  Law,  Energy,  Science,  and  Imagination.  The 
sculptor  has  embodied  these  essential  principles  in  powerful  and  tell- 
ing figures,  which  form  the  three  archways  composing  the  entrance 
to  the  Institute.  Nature  is  symbolized  in  the  left  spandrel  by  Pan — 
god  of  Arcadian  shepherds — piping  upon  his  reeds  the  joy  of  life, 
with  youth  and  spring  suggested  in  the  sportive  figure  of  the  kid, 
gambolling  before  him.  Opposing  this  is  Art — the  earnest,  dream- 
ful poet — recording  upon  his  tablets  the  solution  to  Life's  mysteries, 
the  sphinx — grim  and  inscrutable — in  the  background.    The  cartouch 


w 


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2; 


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772  OUT    WEST 

uniting  the  two  figures  is  in  the  form  of  a  lyre,  emblematic  of  beauty 
and  ideal,  surmounted  by  the  calm  eye  of  reason  and  intelligence. 

The  central  spandrel  embodies  the  essential  spirit  of  manual  train- 
ing— force  governed  by  knowledge.  The  figure  at  the  left  of  this 
group  expresses  Energy,  but  energy  uncontrolled — blind  power  ex- 
erting itself,  the  wielder  knows  not  why.  Balancing  this  is  Science 
— directed  strength — lighting  his  torch  at  the  Sun,  which  forms  the 
central  cartouch.  The  highly  embossed  luminary  is  august,  compell- 
ing— a  strong  key-note  to  the  entire  composition.  About  the  disk 
is  an  original  arrangement  of  the  signs  of  the  zodiac,  while  power- 
ful rays  are  projected  over  the  cove,  touching  the  surmounting 
cornice,  giving  breadth  and  force  to  the  whole. 

In  the  right  spandrel.  Imagination — wide-winged,  triumphant — 
faces  the  reposeful  figure  of  the  Law — helmeted  and  watchful — 
guarding  the  tablets  and  flanked  by  the  fasces.  Between  these 
figures  is  a  jewel  in  rich  setting,  forming  the  cartouch  in  the  center. 

Framing  the  spandrels  rise  four  projecting  pilasters,  the  decora- 
tions of  which  carry  out  the  symbolic  significance  of  the  groups. 
Nature  is  typified  by  the  sunflower,  a  highly  decorative,  conventional 
arrangement  of  the  plant.  The  second  column  bears  the  head  of 
Minerva,  goddess  of  the  Arts;  the  third  has  a  terminal  bust  of  Mer- 
cury, while  the  fourth  is  emblematic  of  the  strength  and  balance  of 
American  law. 

Corbels  supporting  these  have  as  motifs  a  stag's  head,  a  tragic 
mask,  a  heart  surmounted  by  a  skull,  and  a  hand  holding  an  open 
book. 

This  remarkable  composition  is  a  masterpiece  of  the  sculptor's 
art.  Not  only  is  it  technically  admirable,  but  it  is  dignified  and  ex- 
alted in  purpose.  It  comes  here,  like  all  really  great  art  of  all  ages, 
to  inspire  and  enrich  the  aspirations  of  the  toiler,  and  impress  the 
minds  of  the  young  with  the  aims  and  duties  of  higher  culture. 

What,  then,  of  the  man — the  artist  who  conceived  and  executed 
this  work  ? 

Alexander  Stirling  Calder  had  already  accomplished  much  that 
was  notable  before  producing  this  stately  portico.  Born  in  Phila- 
delphia, thirty-nine  years  ago,  of  Scotch  parents,  he  successfully 
passed  through  his  preparatory  studies  in  his  native  city,  then  went 
to  Paris.  There  he  pursued  his  course  under  Chapu  and  Falguiere, 
two  of  the  most  eminent  men  in  France.  Nature  made  Calder  a 
sculptor.  It  is  impossible  to  conceive  of  his  having  been  attracted 
to  any  other  career. 

Contemporary  sculptors,  possibly  owing  to  the  restrictions  of  the 
art,  have  a  greater  breadth  of  imaginative  vision  than  painters  of  the 
day.  Easel  pictures  evidence  a  general  tendency  to  become  more  and 
more  translations  of  pleasing  color  schemes,  renderings  of  technical 


i 


Alexandkr   Stirling  Calder 


Celtic  Memorial  Ckoss  Replica  in  St.  Louis  Hall  of  Sculpture 


Thk  Man  Cub 


776  OUT    WEST 

problems  of  great  charm  or  difficulty.  Time  was — and  that  not  so 
many  years  ago — when  sentimentalism  pervaded  all  the  painter's 
art;  unless  a  picture  "told  a  story,"  gave  forth  a  special  moral  or 
emotional  message,  its  mission  of  beauty  was  unfulfilled.  Today  a 
painting  is  often  but  an  impression,  a  quickly  recorded  visible  ex- 
pression of  an  artist's  esthetic  emotions. 

Plastic  art  therefore  presents  greater  difficulties  than  that  of  the 
easel;  since  the  human  figure  is  often  the  principal  theme,  a  com- 
pleter knowledge  is  necessary.  Certain  mathematical  proportions 
must  be  sustained.  The  work  of  the  artist  in  the  round — however 
fanciful  it  may  be — is  nevertheless  governed  by  the  real  ratio  of 
depth,  width,  and  height. 

Thorough  preparation  for  his  life  work  is  evidenced  in  every  ob- 
ject Calder's  hands  have  modeled.  His  "Man  Cub,"  now  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  was  one  of  his  early  successes 
— a  wonderful  child  figure,  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  and  rugged 
vigor.  "Narcissus"  translates  into  bronze  that  vain-glorious  youth, 
gazing  in  wondering  admiration  upon  his  own  reflection  in  the  pool. 
It  was  first  exhibited  at  the  Paris  Exposition  in  1900,  and  after- 
wards was  placed  in  the  Franklin  Inn  collection. 

One  of  his  best  known  works  is  the  unique  sun-dial  in  Fairmount 
Park,  Philadelphia.  The  circular  plate  is  surrounded  by  signs  of 
the  zodiac,  and  upheld  by  four  crouching  female  figures  representing 
the  four  seasons.  A  group  that  especially  appeals  to  the  artist  him- 
self is  his  "Hope  Beguiling  a  Despairer" : 

"As  on  the  brink  he  stands  a-musing. 
Descends  the  wanton  Hope,  with  winged  caress 
Enfolds  him — bends  him  to  her  will — 
Her  will  that  yet  is  only  to  beguile." 

It  is  now  receiving  the  final  touches  in  his  studio,  and  the  motif's 
esthetic  symbolism  and  technical  exigencies  have  proved  a  fascinat- 
ing theme  for  the  worker. 

Calder  originated  a  new  treatment  of  the  Celtic  cross,  that  primi- 
tive and  majestic  tombal  monument  of  ancient  Ireland,  to  mark  the 
burial  plot  of  General  Sewell  at  Camden,  New  Jersey.  A  replica  of 
this  stands  in  the  Hall  of  Sculpture  of  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts. 

He  has  received  many  prizes,  and  had  many  honors  conferred 
upon  him :  he  is  a  member  of  the  National  Sculpture  Society,  Society 
of  American  Artists,  Fellow  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy,  and  As- 
sociate Member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design.  He  was  one 
of  the  advisory  committee  on  sculpture  for  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  at  St.  Louis,  and  made  the  colossal  figure  of  "Missouri" 


Danong  Indian 


Hope  Beguiling  a  Despairer 


A  Portrait  Bust 


'^n 


ALEXANDER  STIRLING  CALDER  781 

in  the  colonnade  of  States.  An  indefatigable  worker,  examples  of 
his  art  are  to  be  found  in  the  grounds  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  various  other  Eastern 
centers. 

It  is  only  since  coming  West,  however,  that  Calder  has  arrived  at 
the  full  maturity  of  his  talent.  He  seems  to  have  grasped  the  true 
spirit  of  the  West — its  breadth  and  fervor.  In  turn,  close  com- 
munion with  the  desert,  and  the  vastness  of  its  reaches,  has  vivified 
latent  qualities  in  the  sculptor,  giving  to  his  recent  work  greater 
frankness,  concentration,  and  loftiness  of  conception. 

Last  year  he  executed  his  excellent  Indian  series — figures  disclos- 
ing his  power  of  analysis  and  appreciation  of  Indian  psychology.  His 
"Dancing  Indian,"  in  bronze,  was  shown  at  the  exhibition  of  the 
National  Sculpture  Society.  Others  of  the  group  were  "Najan- 
yankte,"  a  superb  figure  of  a  warrior;  and  "The  Dreamer,"  a  sym- 
pathetic interpretation  of  the  Navajo  of  today.  In  nothing  that  he 
has  produced  recently  is  the  Western  influence  more  apparent  than 
in  a  marble  portrait  bust  of  the  late  Walter  L.  Vail,  a  spirited  work  of 
remarkable  fidelity  of  likeness,  with  the  freedom  of  out-doors  thor- 
oughly well  suggested. 

While  Calder,  like  most  sculptors,  prefers  to  work  in  the  round, 
he  has  executed  bas-reliefs  of  much  merit.  The  bas-relief  is  a  dis- 
tinct form  of  plastic  art,  admirably  adapted  to  interior  decoration, 
and  equally  valuable  for  the  adornment  of  exterior  flat  surfaces.  It 
ornamented  the  first  temples,  later  recorded  religious  events,  and  the 
triumphs  of  Kings  and  Emperors.  With  the  coming  of  the  Mediae- 
val Christian  revival,  it  became  subordinated  to  the  architecture  of 
Romanesque  and  Gothic  cathedrals.  In  modern  times  it  has  come  to 
immortalize  our  great  men,  conquests  on  heroic  battle-fields,  as  well 
as  achievements  in  the  arts,  letters,  and  sciences. 

Whether  sculpture  is  represented  by  the  bas-relief  or  the  round, 
however,  its  beauty,  exactness,  or  shortcomings  can  be  appreciated 
by  the  least  cultured  layman,  for  its  proportions  must  be  in  harmony 
with  natural  dimensions. 

Since  coming  to  California,  Calder  has  produced  several  bas- 
relief  panels :  an  over-mantel  decoration,  "Ruskin,"  for  the  home 
of  Mrs.  W.  W.  Stilson,  of  Los  Angeles ;  the  bronze  portrait  medal- 
lion of  Senator  Cornelius  Cole,  of  Colegrove,  and  others.  The  most 
important,  however,  is  the  decorative  panel  of  the  "Religions  of  the 
World"  for  the  new  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion of  Los  Angeles. 

In  this  he  has  portrayed  the  Christ,  under  a  Gothic  archway,  wel- 
coming Humanity  with  the  outspread  hands  of  brotherhood.  Beyond 
this  great,  tender  figure  appear  those  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  the 
apostles  and  disciples,  with  Abraham,   Socrates,  the  cults  of  the 


Pacific  Venus 


ISOLENA 


784  .  OUT    WEST 

Moslems  and  Egyptians,  Chaldeans  and  Persians,  gradually  receding 
into  the  background  toward  the  nature  worship  of  primitive  man. 

The  monumental  archways  of  Throop  Institute  represent  a  most 
agreeable  combination  of  features  common  to  both  the  bas-relief 
and  the  round.  Calder  has  given  such  depth  to  the  figures  in  the 
spandrels,  that  in  the  reflected  light  of  the  open,  the  shadows  will 
cause  them  to  appear  as  nearly  independent  as  it  is  possible  to  make 
them  against  a  flat  background.  In  fact,  the  effect  of  sunlight  upon 
the  whole  composition,  intensifying  the  high  lights  and  increasing 
the  depth  of  the  shadows,  has  proved  an  interesting  problem ;  it  will 
no  doubt  add  a  unique  quality  of  tone  to  the  work  when  in  place. 

Not  the  least  interesting  feature  of  this  colossal  undertaking  is 
the  process  through  which  Calder's  originals  are  being  translated ; 
the  method  employed  is  one  without  precedent,  and  opens  an  un- 
dreamed of  breadth  of  application  for  future  sculptural  efforts.  The 
enormous  castings,  weighing  many  tons,  are  now  being  made  in  a 
fine  concrete  mixture  of  a  creamy  tint  to  harmonize  with  the  general 
color  scheme  of  the  buildings. 

When  finally  fixed  in  position  they  will  be  united  by  cement  and 
constitute  a  monolithic  sculptured  archway,  retaining  to  an  extra- 
ordinarily successful  degree  the  most  minute  details  of  the  artist's 
models.  Being  direct  castings  from  the  clay,  they  retain  all  the  inti- 
mate touches  of  the  sculptor's' fingers  with  rare  fidelity. 

Southern  California,  with  its  cloudless  sky  and  perennial  back- 
ground of  verdure  and  flowers,  constitutes  an  ideal  setting  for  monu- 
ments like  this.  Concrete,  marble,  and  bronze  are  in  this  equable 
climate  practically  everlasting,  so  that  these  monumental  archways 
of  Throop  Institute  will,  no  doubt,  remain  in  all  their  beauty  for 
centuries  to  come.  The  dignity  and  purpose  of  the  accomplishment 
will  engender  a  better  understanding  of  plastic  art,  and  will  have  a 
distinct  and  continuous  influence  upon  public  taste,  since  sculpture 
is  essentially  the  art  of  the  commonwealth. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Bronze   Medallion  of  Ex-Senator  Cornelius  Cole 


Marquesas  Islander 


787 

HOW  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR 
BODIES 

By  R.  I.  GEARE 
OVE  of  personal  adornment  is  a  distinctive  characteristic 
of  savagery,  and  it  was  probably  the  craze  for  admira- 
tion which  first  led  to  the  practice  of  ornamenting  the 
body  with  pictorial  devices.  Then,  markings  of  one 
sort  and  another  helped  to  take  the  place  of  absence  of 
clothing,  and  further,  young  men  in  olden  times,  as  now,  always 
delighted  in  showing  how  courageously  they  could  bear  physical 
pain,  for  tattooing  is  not  a  gentle  process  by  any  means.  Tribal 
symbolism,  too,  was  perpetuated  by  tattoo  marks,  while  others  be- 
lieved that  by  engraving  the  image  of  a  deity  on  their  flesh  they 
were  showing  proof  of  deep  devotion.  Among  women  it  was  an 
indication  of  marriage. 

Again,  tattooing  has  for  centuries  been  a  system  of  recording  by 
means  of  pictographs  important  events  in  the  lives  of  certain  peoples, 
and  has  also  served,  though  in  a  lesser  degree,  as  a  substitute  for 
writing. 

The  antiquity  of  tattooing  is  very  great,  although  its  origin  will 
probably  never  be  discovered.  Herodotus  speaks  of  it  as  in  use 
among  the  Thracians.  Pointed  bones,  like  those  used  by  modern 
savages  in  tattooing,  have  been  found  in  the  prehistoric  grottoes  of 
Avignac  and  in  the  tombs  of  ancient  Egypt.  Lucian  states  that  the 
Assyrians  covered  their  entire  bodies  with  figures,  and  Pliny  says 
the  same  thing  regarding  the  Dacians.  The  Phoenicians  and  the 
Jews,  says  Lombroso,  traced  lines,  which  they  called  "signs  of 
God,"  on  their  foreheads  and  their  hands.  Among  the  ancient 
Britons  it  was  widespread,  and  their  name  {Brith,  a  painting)  has 
been  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  custom.  Caesar,  writing  of 
these  races,  declares  that  they  "trace,  with  iron,  designs  on  the  skin 
of  their  youngest  children,  and  color  their  warriors  with  Isatis  tinc- 
toria  (-woad),  to  render  them  more  terrible  on  the  field  of  battle." 

Taking  up  the  subject  in  the  Western  hemisphere,  attention  is 
drawn  first  to  tattooing  as  practiced  in  various  parts  of  the  Poly- 
nesian archipelago,  Papua,  and  Australia,  to  be  followed  by  refer- 
ences to  special  peculiarities  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 

In  all  Polynesia  there  is  no  place  where  tattooing  is  so  wide- 
spread or  varied  in  character  as  in  the  Marquesas  Islands.  Every 
part  of  the  body  is  decorated,  from  the  crown  of  the  head  to  the 
fingers  and  toes.  This  applies  principally  to  the  men,  the  women 
generally  having  only  a  bracelet  or  two  or  other  small  ornaments  tat- 
tooed on  their  arms.  One  writer  states  that  women,  even  princesses, 
have  no  right  to  tattoo  any  parts  but  their  hands  and  feet,  although 


788  OUT    WEST 

at  Mukahiva  "noble  ladies"  are  permitted  to  wear  more  numerous 
tattoo  marks  than  the  women  of  the  lower  ranks. 

The  figures  to  be  tattooed  are  chosen  carefully  and  with  appro- 
priateness to  the  part  to  be  decorated.  Sometimes  animals  are  de- 
picted, while  again  other  objects  are  employed  which  have  special 
reference  to  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  people.  Rows  of  punc- 
tures are  separated  by  curved  lines,  diamonds  and  other  designs. 
A  man's  head  is  completely  covered,  his  breast  is  commonly  orna- 
mented with  a  shield,  while  stripes  of  various  kinds  adorn  the  arms 
and  thighs — old  men  are  even  tattooed  on  their  bald  heads !  On  the 
backs  of  the  Marquesas  Islanders  is  generally  tattooed  a  large  cross, 
beginning  at  the  neck  and  ending  at  the  end  of  the  back  bone.  On 
their  chests  are  often  seen  figures  representing  the  human  face,  and 
on  each  side  of  the  calf  of  the  leg  is  often  seen  a  tattooed  oval  figure. 
The  hands  are  profusely  tattooed,  each  figure  having  its  own  pattern. 
A  peculiarity  of  the  Marquesans  is  that  they  allow  the  finger  nails 
to  grow  very  long  and  pointed,  this  being  esteemed,  as  among  some 
of  our  own  people,  a  mark  of  rank,  since  it  furnishes  evidence  that 
the  person  thus  ornamented  is  not  accustomed  to  doing  hard  manual 
labor.  Among  the  Marquesans  this  elaborate  ornamentation  an- 
swered the  purpose  of  dress,  nor  indeed  would  it  pay  the  poor  victim 
to  suffer  all  he  has  to  undergo  during  the  long  and  painful  opera- 
tion, only  to  cover  all  his  decorations  with  clothes !  The  men  wear 
nothing  but  a  small  cloth  around  their  waists,  while  the  women  of 
rank  are  similarly  clad,  with  the  addition  perhaps  of  a  larger  piece 
which  they  may  throw  up  over  their  bodies  to  keep  off  the  discom- 
fort of  the  sun's  rays.  And  curiously  enough,  it  is  not  the  heat  they 
mind,  but  the  danger  of  spoiling  their  complexions  by  getting  sun- 
burnt ! 

A  noteworthy  feature  of  the  practice  on  these  islands  is  the  tat- 
tooing of  widow's  tongues,  as  an  expression  of  grief  for  their  lost 
husbands.  In  this  operation  the  implement  is  first  dipped  into  color- 
ing matter,  and  then  placed  on  the  tongue.  It  is  then  given  a  smart 
stroke  with  a  rod,  whereby  the  skin  is  punctured  and  the  dye  in- 
jected. A  woman  who  was  undergoing  this  painful  treatment  was 
asked  why  she  allowed  it.  She  replied  that,  while  the  pain  was 
great,  her  affection  for  her  lord  was  still  greater,  and  that  par- 
ticular mode  of  expressing  it  was  chosen  because  it  could  never  be 
obliterated.  Possibly  she  also  recognized  the  fact  that  that  unruly 
member  may  have — in  part,  at  least — been  the  cause  of  her  lord's 
demise ! 

The  mode  of  tattooing  in  the  Marquesas  Islands  is  very  much 
like  that  employed  by  the  Samoans,  except  that  the  implement,  called 
a  "comb,"  is  made  of  the  wing-bone  of  a  tropical  bird.  The  tat- 
tooers  are  a  highly  respected  class  and  are  paid  well  for  their  ser- 


A  Marquesas  Islander 


790  OUT    WEST 

vices.  They  acquire  their  skill  by  practicing  on  the  lower  classes, 
who  are  too  poor  to  pay  much  for  it,  but  who  would  prefer  to  be 
badly  tattooed  rather  than  not  at  all.  The  process  is  so  elaborate 
that  several  "sittings"  ar6  required,  each  lasting  from  three  to  six 
months,  and  a  really  complete  tattoo  is  rarely  finished  until  the  man 
is  about  thirty  years  old.  The  pigment  used  is  the  candle-nut 
(Aleurites  triloba),  burned  to  a  fine  charcoal  and  mixed  with  water 
or  oil.  The  instruments  (bones  of  birds  and  sometimes  of  fishes) 
are  fastened  with  fine  thread  to  a  small  stick.  A  heavier  stick  is 
held  above  and  used  as  a  hammer,  causing  the  implement  to  puncture 
the  skin  and  inject  the  coloring  matter  at  the  same  time.  A  "sitting" 
lasts  as  long  as  the  persons  being  operated  on  can  endure  the  pain. 

In  Samoa  there  is  a  legend  that  the  goddesses  of  tattooing 
swam  there  from  Fiji  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  the  custom, 
and  had  been  ordered  to  sing  all  the  way  "Tattoo  the  women  but 
not  the  men."  Having  to  repeat  the  words  so  often,  they  became 
confused,  and  when  they  arrived  at  Samoa  they  were  singing  just 
the  reverse ;  and  hence  arose  the  practice  there  of  tattooing  the  men 
but  not  the  women.  The  men  are  tattooed  from  the  hips  to  the 
knees,  covering  the  skin  so  completely  with  the  pattern  that  (as  on 
Easter  Island  or  in  Tahiti)  at  a  little  distance  the  person  looks  as 
though  he  were  wearing  ornamented  tights.  The  operation,  which 
as  in  the  Marquesas  Islands  requires  much  time  and  many  "sittings," 
is  attended  with  no  little  ceremony.  The  services  of  the  tattooer, 
called  the  "Matai,"  are  engaged  by  prepayment  of  several  mats,  or 
perhaps  a  canoe.  Here  again  "combs"  are  used,  and  a  little  mallet. 
The  combs  are  made  of  human  bones,  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long 
and  an  inch  or  less  in  width,  resembling  little  bone  adzes  with  the 
edge  cut  into  a  number  of  teeth.  These  blades  are  attached  to 
handles  about  six  inches  long.  The  pigment  is  made  from  the  ashes 
of  the  cocoanut. 

The  actual  modus  operandi  in  all  localities  is  very  similar,  and  will 
now  be  described  once  for  all.  When  all  is  ready,  the  person  to  be 
tattooed  lies  on  his  face,  resting  his  head  in  the  lap  of  his  sister  or 
some  other  female  relation,  who,  with  other  young  women  assisting, 
sing  loudly  to  drown  his  groans,  as  it  would  injure  his  record  for 
courage  to  be  heard  giving  vent  to  expressions  of  pain.  Instances 
have  occurred,  however,  where  young  braves  lost  all  self-control, 
being  entirely  overcome  with  the  agony  of  the  operation,  and  have 
been  despised  as  cowards  for  the  rest  of  their  lives.  The  operator 
having  traced  out  his  pattern  commences  to  drive  the  toothed 
"comb"  through  the  skin  with  his  mallet  by  sharp  and  rapid  taps.. 
The  assistants  are  ready  with  strips  of  white  masi  to  clean  oflf  the 
blood  as  it  flows  from  the  wounds. 

In  general  the  patterns  used  throughout  the  Samoan  Islands  are 


HOW  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR  BODIES       791 


Leg  of  a  Marquesas  Islander 

similar,  small  variations  denoting  the  particular  island  on  which  the 
man  lives,  the  family  of  which  he  is  a  member,  the  slaying  of  human 
beings,  etc.,  the  form  of  some  animal  being  usually  the  badge  of 
honor  in  such  cases.  It  ordinarily  requires  about  an  hour  to  cover 
three  inches  square,  after  which  the  "patient"  gives  place  to  another. 
It  takes  a  week  or  so  for  his  turn  to  come  round  again,  since,  as 
a  rule,  an  operator  can  only  attend  to  four  or  five  "cases"  a  day. 
When  the  tattooing  is  about  half  done,  the  operator  demands  another 
payment ;  and  if  not  satisfied,  he  generally  refuses  to  complete  the 
work,  which  gives  the  young  brave  the  rather  embarrassing  alter- 
native of  going  through  life  half  decorated,  or  submitting  to  the 
Matai's  arbitrary  demands.     We  may  conjecture  that  the  victim 


792  OUT    WEST 

(or  hero)  usually  pays  up  if  he  is  able  to  do  so.  While  the  opera- 
tion is  going  on,  the  poor  fellow  suffers  terrific  agonies,  but  when 
it  is  consummated  he  glories  in  his  admission  to  manhood  and  gains 
the  unqualified  admiration  of  his  female  friends. 

In  Fiji  tattooing  is  almost  entirely  confined  to  the  women,  but 
the  larger  part  of  the  markings  is  covered  by  the  fringe-apron  or 
"liku."  The  younger  women  usually  pay  special  attention  to  orna- 
menting their  fingers  with  lines  and  stars,  in  order  that  they  may 
appear  beautiful  when  presenting  food  to  their  chief.  When  they 
become  mothers,  a  blue  patch  is  added  at  each  corner  of  the  mouth. 
A  sharp-toothed  instrument,  like  that  employed  in  Samoa,  is  used 
in  place  of  the  chisel,  as  in  New  Zealand. 

Among  the  Maoris,  or  natives  of  New  Zealand,  the  women  do 
not  tattoo  any  part  of  their  faces  excepting  the  lips,  which  thus 
become  blue,  for  it  is  considered  a  disgrace  for  a  woman  to  have 
red  lips.  This  is  done  at  the  time  when  the  girl  is  about  to  enter 
womanhood.  The  tattooing  of  the  men  presents  a  most  formidable 
appearance.  They  have  naturally  a  full  beard,  but  every  vestige 
of  hair  is  removed  from  the  face,  in  order  that  the  tattooed  pat- 
terns may  not  be  concealed.  The  "moko,"  or  tattooing,  of  a  New 
Zealander  is  really  a  mark  of  rank,  and  only  slaves  are  forbidden 
the  more  or  less  complete  tattooing  of  the  face. 

A  face  completely  tattooed  is  literally  covered  with  spiral  scrolls, 
circles  and  curved  lines ;  but  though  the  principal  marks  are  gener- 
ally similar,  they  are  not  exactly  alike  on  any  two  persons,  owing 
to  the  almost  infinite  variety  of  combinations  at  the  operator's  com- 
mand. The  pigment  used  in  New  Zealand  is  made  from  the  resin 
of  the  Kawri  pine. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  face  tattooing  in  New  Zealand  lies  in 
the  fact  that  in  early  times  it  represented  the  warrior's  name — it  was 
his  totem — and  he  signed  official  documents  with  an  exact  copy  of 
the  "moko,"  or  tattoo. 

In  the  Sandwich  and  Palliser  Islands  there  is  comparatively  little 
tattooing  done,  though  some  of  the  natives  have  their  arms  and 
chests  decorated  with  lines  and  figures,  while  the  more  common  form 
consists  of  narrow,  circular  or  curved  lines  on  different  parts  of  the 
face. 

In  Tahiti  the  bust,  legs,  arms  and  hands  of  the  men  are  tattooed, 
while  the  face  is  generally  left  unmarked.  The  women  wear  tattoo 
marks  chiefly  on  the  arms,  ankles  and  feet,  the  latter  being  tattooed 
nearly  half-way  to  the  knees,  so  that  at  a  little  distance  they 
seem  to  be  wearing  high  boots  or  close-fitting  stockings.  Some  of 
the  figures  employed  are  stars,  circles,  lozenges,  etc.  The  cocoanut 
tree,  too,  is  often  represented,  its  root  spreading  at  the  heel,  the 
stalk  extending  along  the  tendon,  while  its  waving  plume  spreads  out 


HOW  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR  BODIES      793 


Two  Marquesas  Island  Chiefs 

gracefully  on  the  broad  part  of  the  calf.  Here,  as  in  the  other 
regions  mentioned,  tattooing  has  decreased  very  largely  during 
recent  years,  owing  to  the  discouragement  of  the  custom  on  the 
part  of  the  missionaries. 

On  Easter  Island  tattooing  does  not  seem  to  be  practiced  at  the 
present  time,  although  persons  advanced  in  life  are  said  to  be  orna- 
mented on  all  parts  of  the  body.  Both  sexes  were  tattooed  in 
former  years,  the  women  to  a  greater  extent  and  much  more  elab- 
orately than  the  men.  In  addition  to  the  ornamentation  of  the  body, 
there  is  found  in  certain  instances,  a  narrow  band  around  the  upper 
part  of  the  forehead  with  little  circles  extending  down  upon  the 
forehead  and  joined  to  the  band  by  a  stem.  The  lips  were  freely 
tattooed,  as  with  the  Maoris,  with  lines  curving  around  the  chin  and 
extending  towards  the  cheek-bones,  while  the  entire  neck  and  throat 


794 


o  u  r   IV  li  s  r 


were  covered  with  oblique  or  wavy  lines,  with  occasional  patches  of 
solid  coloring.  The  Easter  Island  style  differed  from  that  of  Samoa 
and  other  localities  in  that  the  designs  in  the  former  were  only 
limited  by  the  fancy  arid  ability  of  the  artist,  whereas  in  the  latter  a 
standard  was  adhered  to.  The  material  used  on  Easter  Island  for 
tattooing  was  obtained  by  burning  the  leaf  of  the  plant  called  "ti," 
which  was  moistened  with  the  juice  of  the  "poporo"  berry.  The 
tattoo  comb  was  made  of  bone  or  several  fish-bones  fastened  to  a 
stick. 

Among  the  Papuans,  or  natives  of  New  Guinea,  the  bodies  of  the 
natives  are  for  the  most  part  scarified,  as  with  the  Australians.  Deep 
cuts  are  made  into  the  flesh,  and  heat  is  then  applied,  resulting  in 


Hand  of  a  Marquesas  Islander 

swollen  projections  rising  as  much  as  half  an  inch  above  the  surface. 

The  noted  traveler  and  ethnologist.  Dr.  Alfred  C.  Haddon,  in  his 
book  on  "Head-hunters"  states  that  the  Eastern  Papuans  are  all 
tattooed,  but  while  the  younger  men  appear  to  tattoo  only  the  face, 
some  of  the  older  ones  have  patterns  on  the  arms,  legs  and  chests. 
The  women  also  are  tattooed  more  or  less  all  over  the  body.  Their 
skin  is  so  dark,  however,  that  the  tattooing  is  not  very  clearly  seen. 

Some  of  the  Western  Papuans  ornament  their  bodies  by  means 
of  severe  scars.  This  practice  of  scarification  has  ceased  in  the 
region  of  the  Torres  Straits  and  is  diminishing  on  the  mainland  of 
New  Guinea,  but  Dr.  Haddon  saw  many  men  among  the  Torres 


HOJV  SAJ'AGBS  ORWlMIiXT  THUIR  BODIES       795 

Straits  Islanders  and  Western  Papuans  who  tattoo  themselves 
slightly  in  imitation  of  the  Polynesians  or  Eastern  Papuans. 

At  Babaka  on  the  Hood  Peninsula,  Dr.  Haddon  persuaded  one  of 
the  girls  to  allow  herself  to  be  tattooed,  so  that  he  might  watch  the 
operation.  He  writes :  "The  girl  lay  on  the  ground,  and  the  oper- 
ator held  a  special  clay  vessel  in  one  hand,  in  which  was  a  black 
fluid  paste  made  from  burnt  resin ;  this  being  applied  to  the  skin  by 
means  of  a  little  stick.  When  the  design  was  finished,  a  thorn  was 
held  in  the  left  hand,  while  in  the  right  hand  was  a  small  stick 
around  which  strips  of  banana  leaves  were  wound.  The  thorn  was 
lightly  tapped  with  the  stick  until  the  pattern  had  been  well  punc- 
tured into  the  skin." 

In  New  Caledonia  there  seems  to  be  very  little  tattooing,  but  in 
its  place  black  lines,  running  diagonally,  are  drawn  across  the  breast 
with  charcoal.  The  tribes  bordering  on  Redscar  Bay  tattoo  them- 
selves freely ;  the  men  restricting  it  to  the  breast,  cheeks,  forehead 
and  arms,  while  the  women  are  so  covered  with  blue,  spots  that 
there  is  hardly  a  part  of  their  bodies  left  unmarked.  They  use 
various  patterns,  the  usual  one  consisting  of  double  parallel  lines, 
the  intervals  between  them  being  filled  with  smaller  patterns  of 
zigzag  lines.  In  the  northwest  part  of  New  Guinea  the  Dory  men 
scarify  their  bodies,  and  also  tattoo  their  breasts  and  arms  with 
figures  of  their  weapons. 

In  the  Marshall  Islands  the  tattoo  is  used  in  profusion,  both  sexes 
being  equally  addicted  to  it.  Wood,  in  his  "Illustrated  Natural 
History,"  gives  a  striking  illustration  of  two  young  women  of  the 
Caroline  Archipelago,  with  tattooed  arms  and  bodies. 

In  the  Pelew  Islands,  where  clothing  is  entirely  discarded, .  the 
absence  of  it  is  compensated  by  a  complete  tattooing  of  the  body. 

In  South  America  tattooing  is  quite  uncommon.  Perhaps  the 
Alundurucu  tribe  of  Amazonians  tattoo  as  elaborately  as  any,  al- 
though not  with  much  distinction  of  finish.  They  seem  to  have  no 
idea  of  a  curved  or  scroll-like  pattern,  and  content  themselves  with 
straight  lines.  One  of  their  favorite  plans  is  to  cover  the  whole 
body  with  a  trellis-like  pattern,  the  line  crossing  diagonally  or  at 
right  angles.  One  man  observed  by  a  traveler  had  a  large  black 
patch  on  the  center  of  his  face,  covering  the  lower  part  of  the  nose 
and  mouth,  while  his  body  was  decorated  with  a  blue  checkered  pat- 
tern, and  his  arms  and  legs  with  stripes. 

In  Australia  and  in  many  parts  of  Africa  the  practice  of  scarify- 
ing the  body  or  tattooing  by  cuts,  but  without  the  addition  of  color- 
ing matter,  is  still  in  vogue.  The  scars  usually  run  longitudinally 
(or  alternately  longitudinally  and  transversely)  down  the  upper 
arms,  while  occasionally  they  appear  also  on  the  breast,  somewhat  in 
the  shape  of  a  fan,  spreading  from  the  center  of  the  body  to  the 


796  OUT     W  EST 

arms.  One  Australian  chief  was  observed  to  be  entirely  covered  from 
his  neck  to  his  knees  with  scars  an  inch  broad,  set  closely  together 
and  covering  the  whole  of  his  body. 

The  scars,  as  a  rule,  signify  in  part  at  least  the  district  to  which 
the  person  belongs.  This  system  of  gashing  extends  to  the  youths, 
nor  are  they  entirely  recognized  as  men  until  they  have  endured  it. 
In  this  curious  rite  they  are  first  forced  to  swallow  blood  fresh  from 
the  veins  in  their  sponsors'  arms ;  then  they  are  placed  on  their 
hands  and  knees,  more  blood  running  over  their  backs  so  as  to  form 
a  coagulated  mass,  and  in  this  the  pattern  for  the  tattooing  is  then 
traced.  A  deep  incision  is  next  made  in  the  nape  of  the  neck,  and 
broad  gashes  are  cut  from  the  shoulder  to  the  hip  on  each  side,  about 
an  inch  apart.  These  are  pulled  open  as  widely  as  possible,  wiiile 
the  men  chant  a  kind  of  dirge.  The  ceremony  is  concluded  by  the 
men  clustering  around  the  initiated  youth,  giving  detailed  advice  as 
to  hunting,  fighting,  and  concealing  pain. 

Tattooing  by  cuts  leaving  raised  cicatrices  prevails  more  or  less 
all  over  Africa.  On  the  west  coast  three  cuts  on  each  side  of  the 
cheek,  in  red  and  blue,  seem  to  be  the  principal  decoration.  Dr. 
Plolub,  writing  of  the  Koranna  tribe,  says :  "They  have  among 
themselves  a  kind  of  free-masonry.  When  questioned,  they  con- 
fessed that  they  belonged  to  something  like  a  secret  society.  One 
of  them  said,  T  can  go  all  through  the  valleys  inhabited  by  Korannas 
and  Griquas,  and  wherever  I  go,  when  1  open  .my  coat  and  show 
these  three  cuts,  I  am  sure  to  be  well  received.'  Along  the  equator 
the  tribes  cover  the  entire  body  with  scars,  produced  by  raising 
lumps  by  slitting  the  skin  and  rubbing  some  irritant  into  the  in- 
cision, and  this  mode  of  ornamentation  is  in  vogue  along  the  Congo 
up  to  Stanley  Falls.  The  marks  are  all  tribal.  Thus,  the  Bateke 
are  distinguished  by  five  or  six  striated  lines  across  the  cheek-bone, 
while  the  Bayansi  scar  their  foreheads  with  a  horizontal  or  vertical 
band. 

Several  of  the  tribes  of  Borneo  practice  tattooing,  the  men  some- 
times being  nearly  covered,  while  others  have  stars  on  their  breasts, 
and  amulets  and  bracelets  on  their  legs  and  arms. 

The  Malayan  tribe  of  Dyaks  tattoo  from  the  breast  to  the  knees 
with  a  sort  of  scale-armor  pattern,  while  many  tattoo  their  chins 
and  chests  so  as  to  look  as  if  they  had  real  beards  and  moustaches. 

The  Kayan  men  have  devices  tattooed  on  the  forearm  and  thigh, 
and  frequently  there  is  a  rosette  or  circular  design  on  the  shoulder. 
The  back  of  the  hand  and  fingers  are  tattooed  when  the  man  has 
"taken  a  head."  The  Kayan  women  are  tattooed  all  over  the  fore- 
arm and  over  the  back  of  the  hand.  The  thighs  are  also  richly  tat- 
tooed as  well  as  the  upper  surface  of  the  feet  and  toes.  They  follow 
in  general  the  plan  of  decoration  adopted  by  the  Samoan  warriors. 


HOJV  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR  BODIES       797 


A   Xkw  Zkai.ani)   .Maori 

The  Iban  women  (Sea  Dyaks)  do  not  care  much  for  tattooing,  but 
most  of  the  men  have  adopted  the  i)ractice  from  the  Kayans.  They 
admit  that  the  marks  are  Kayan  designs.  The  Ibans  probably  belong 
to  the  same  stock  as  the  original  Malays,  and  if  this  is  so,  the  Iban 
migration  may  be  regarded  as  the  first  wave  of  the  movement  that 
culminated  in  the  Malay  empire.  A  very  repulsive  example  of 
tattooing  was  observed  in  the  Burmese  empire,  where  a  young 
noble's  body  was  encircled  with  thirteen  fabulous  birds  in  vermilion, 
each  one  standing  on  a  monkey's  head.  The  monkeys,  which  were 
done  in  blue,  grinned  on  the  backs  of  thirteen  blue  hog.;. 

In  Japan  tattooing  is  chiefly  confined  to  the  lower  classes,  whose 


798  OUT    WEST 

shoulders,  arms  and  thighs  are  decorated  with  such  figures  as  are 
seen  on  porcelain.  Cinnabar  and  India  ink  are  the  pigments  used. 
A  thief  who  has  stolen  within  a  specified  amount  of  property  has  a 
circle  tattooed  on  his  arm-;  for  the  second  offense  he  is  beheaded. 

North  of  Japan  lies  the  island  of  Yezzo,  which  is  occupied  largely 
by  the  Ainos,  who  are  believed  to  be  the  aborigines  of  Japan,  and 
who  were  driven  northward  by  the  Japanese  conquerors.  Some  of 
the  Aino  women  are  quite  prepossessing  and  are  much  sought  by  the 
Japanese  for  wives.     They  practice  the  strange  custom  of  tattooing 


^.f^(i-y^'  /.vj^;/ 


Signature  of  Chief  Golontine  Koroko  (New  Zealand) 

their  lips,  in  imitation  of  moustaches,  which  adds  a  strange  effect  to 
their  features.  This  tattooing  is  done  by  degrees,  requiring  nearly  a 
year  for  its  completion.  The  tattoo  is  obtained  from  the  bark'  of 
the  birch,  a  pipe  of  which  is  burnt  under  a  kettle  until  the  bottom  is 
well  blackened  by  a  thick  coating.  With  a  knife  the  woman  makes 
a  few  incisions  on  the  part  to  be  tattooed,  after  which  she  takes 
some  of  the  soot  upon  her  finger  and  rubs  it  well  into  the  gashes  she 
has  made.  Several  applications  result  in  two  dark  blue  bands,  which 
will  last  for  several  months. 


HOW  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR  BODIES      799 

The  natives  of  the  Andaman  Islands,  Admiralty  Islands  and  Solo- 
mon Islands  tattoo  by  means  of  gashing,  first  by  way  of  ornament 
and  secondly  to  prove  their  power  of  enduring  pain.  Women  gen- 
erally are  the  operators,  and  they  now  use  a  piece  of  glass,  but  for- 
merly a  flake  of  quartz  was  employed.  The  marks  here,  as  in  Africa, 
are  tribal,  and  consist  of  lines  down  the  back  and  front.  The  face  is 
never  tattooed  in  the  Andaman  Islands,  but  in  the  Admiralty  Islands 


A  Maori  Head  in  the  Gottingen  Museum — This   Shows    Much  Post- 
mortem  Work 

all  the  women  are  tattooed  with  rings  around  the  eyes  and  over  the 
face,  and  in  diagonal  lines  over  the  upper  part  of  the  front  of  the 
body. 

Among  the  North  American  Indians,  the  women  are  rather  fond 
of  tattooing  themselves,  producing  blue  and  red  patterns  by  having 
charcoal  and  vermilion  rubbed  into  the  punctures.  The  tattooing  on 
a  Haida  chief  is  well  shown  in  an  illustration  in  Volume  XXI 
(Plate  4,  Fig.  2)  of  the  "Contribiitions  tc^^nowledge."  published 


800 


our    WEST 


Japanese   Man 

by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  It  represents  "Oolala,"  a  mytholog- 
ical being  in  whom  the  Indians  of  Queen  Charlotte's  Islands  have 
great  faith.  Half  a  man  and  half  a  bird,  this  "skookum,"  or  evil 
spirit,  is  supposed  to  inhabit  the  mountains  and  to  live  on  either 
whales  or  Indians.  The  Serrano  Indians  of  Southern  California  for- 
merly practiced  tattooing,  the  designs  upon  the  cheeks  or  chins  being 
also  drawn  or  incised  upon  trees  or  posts  which  marked  the  bound- 
aries of  the  individual  possessions.  In  the  northern  part  of  Cali- 
fornia only  the  women  tattoo,  and  the  custom  is  said  to  have  orig- 
inated diere  from  the  necessity  of  having  some  means  of  identifying 
captives  taken  during  war.     Hence  the  lines  are  in  reality  marks  of 


HO IV  SAVAGES  ORKAMBNT  THEIR  BODIES      801 


Japanese   Man 

tribal  distinction.  The  Klamath  Indians  of  Oregon  content  them- 
selves with  a  single  line  of  black  running  down  over  the  middle  of 
the  chin.  The  women  have  three  lines,  one  from  each  corner  of  the 
mouth  and  one  from  the  center  of  the  low  er  lip,  reaching  down  to  the 
end  of  the  chin.  Half-breed  girls  have  only  one  line,  in  the  middle 
of  the  chin.  The  material  used  is  generally  some  root  or  finely 
powdered  charcoal,  and  the  pricking  is  produced  with  a  sharply 
pointed  piece  of  bone,  thorns,  fish-spines,  or  (more  recently)  needles. 
The  Eskimo  women  tattoo  themselves,  and  in  some  places  cover 
their  limbs  and  other  parts  with  various  patterns.  Others  tattoo  the 
forehead,  cheeks  and  chin,  generally  indicating  thereby  that  they  are 


802 


our    WEST 


Japanese  Man  and  Woman 

married.  The  word  "Kakeen''  is  their  equivalent  for  tattoo.  The 
following  account  of  the  operation  is  related  by  Captain  Lyons,  who 
submitted  to  it  from  a  desire  to  personally  experience  the  ordeal : 

"Having  furnished  herself  with  a  fine  needle,  she  (the  operator) 
tore  with  her  teeth  a  thread  off  a  deer's  sinew,  and  thus  prepared  the 
sewing  apparatus.  She  then  passed  her  fingers  under  the  bottom  of 
the  stove  pot,  from  whence  she  collected  a  quantity  of  soot.  With 
this,  together  vvuth  a  little  oil  and  much  saliva,  she  soon  made  a 
good  mixture,  and  taking  a  small  piece  of  whalebone,  she  then  drew 
a  variety  of  figures  about  my  arm.  I  had,  however,  determined  on 
having  only  a  few  strokes,  so  that  her  trouble  was  in  some  measure 
thrown  away.  She  commenced  her  work  by  blackening  the  thread 
with  soot,  and  taking  a  pretty  deep  but  short  stitch  in  my  skin, 
carefully  pressing  her  thumb  on  the  wound  as  the  thread  passed 


HOW  SAVAGES  ORNAMENT  THEIR  BODIES      803 

through  it,  and  beginning  each  stitch  at  the  place  where  the  last  had 
ceased.  When  she  had  completed  about  forty  stitches,  1  thought  fit 
to  allow  her  to  desist;  then  rubbing  the  part  with  oil  in  order  to 
staunch  the  little  blood  which  appeared,  she  finished  the  operation. 
The  color  which  the  Kakeen  assumes  when  the  skin  heals  is  of  the 
same  light  blue  as  we  see  on  the  marked  arms  of  seamen." 

Among  criminals  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  secret  hiero- 
glyphics often  form  the  tattoo  marks.  The  following  specimen  was 
observed  in  Portugal  by  Dr.  Peixotto — doubtless  some  magical 
formula  used  in  early  Roman  times  to  drive  away  fevers.    It  reads : 

Sator 

Arepo 

Tenet 

Opera 

Rotas. 
It  will  be  observed  that  the  letters  read  the  same  vertically  or 
horizontally. 

Summing  up  the  information  which  has  been  presented,  it  may  be 
said  that  there  are  two  principal  methods  of  tattooing  ( 1 )  by  making 
cuts  in  the  flesh  so  as  to  leave  a  cicatrised  mark,  but  generally  with- 
out the  addition  of  any  coloring  matter;  and  (2)  by  drawing  a  pat- 
tern on  the  skin  which  is  afterwards  pricked  in,  and  to  which  various 
coloring  matters  are  applied,  so  as  to  produce  a  permanent  picture. 
Magitot,  the  ethnologist,  has  classified  the  methods  employed  in 
tattooing  by  localities  as  follows : 

1.  Tattooing  by  pricking,  the  needle  being  passed  straight  into  the 
skin  at  different  depths.  The  method  prevailed  in  Polynesia,  ex- 
cepting New  Zealand,  in  most  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in  Easter 
Island  and  Micronesia,  New  Guinea,  at  the  Papuan  groups  and 
the  Dayall  group  at  Borneo.  In  South  America  it  prevailed  among 
the  Charruas,  certain  tribes  in  Brazil,  the  Guaranis,  the  Pampeans 
and  the  Patagonians.  In  North  America,  among  the  Indians.  In 
Africa,  among  the  Kabyles,  the  Arabs,  the  Egyptians,  the  Nyam- 
Nyams,  the  Senegambians,  and  the  tribes  on  the  banks  of  the  Sene- 
gal. In  Asia,  among  the  Sengli  of  the  Island  of  Hainan,  the  ancient 
Koreans,  the  Baitos  and  the  Ouen-chin  of  Japan,  the  Koussilis,  the 
Aleutians,  the  natives  of  Formosa,  the  ancient  Annamites,  and  a 
savage  people  in  the  southwestern  part  of  China. 

2.  Tattooing  by  simple  incision.  This  was  practiced  in  Melanesia, 
by  African  tribes  at  Loango,  Makoundi,  Mangandja,  Machinja,  on 
the  east  and  south  banks  of  Lake  Tanganyika,  in  Guinea  and  in  New 
Zealand. 

3.  Tattooing  by  ulceration  or  burning.  This  was  the  method 
employed  by  the  Huns  of  Attila ;  in  Tasmania,  Australia,  Guiana,  by 
the  New  Guinea  tribes  of  Papuans,  the  Mincopies,  the  Negritos,  and 


804  OUT    WBST 

the  Alfouras ;  also  in  New  Caledonia,  in  the  Soudan,  in  Mozambique 
and  in  Zululand. 

4.  Hypodermic  tattooing.  This  consisted  in  passing  a  needle 
charged  with  coloring  matter,  generally  soot,  between  the  epidermis 
and  the  true  skin,  in  a  slanting  direction,  and  was  practiced  by  the 
Eskimos,  the  Tchouktchis,  the  Greenlanders,  and  to  some  extent  in 
Italy. 

5.  Mixed  tattooing.  Throughout  Europe  this  combination  of 
numbers  1  and  4  is  employed.  In  New  Zealand  and  among  some 
African  and  Algerian  tribes  the  processes  by  incision  and  by  prick- 
ing are  used.  In  the  Marquesas  Islands  the  methods  of  pricking 
and  by  ulceration  are  combined  in  some  cases. 

Nat.  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 


SCHOOL-DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA 

By  LAURA  TILDEN  KENT. 

VIII. 
Jumbo  and  Other  Burros. 
T'S  AT  least  two  miles  to  the  school  house.     And  there's 
that  long,  steep,  hot  hill  to  climb  at  the  very  end  of 
the  way.     I  don't  see  how  the  children  can  do  it,"  said 
Isabel's  mother. 

This  was  the  second  summer  since  Delia  Green  had 
been  paid  for  teaching  the  camp-school — nobody  had  been  deceived 
into  believing  that  she  had  really  taught  it — and  the  school  house 
on  the  hill  had  become  central  once  more. 

"You'd  better  let  me  teach  you  this  summer,  just  as  I  do  in  the 
winter,"  she  added,  turning  to  the  children  as  she  spoke. 

"Oh!  no!  You  can't  say  we're  not  old  enough  now.  Even 
Johnny's  nine!  Haven't  we  got  to  go.  Jack?"  "Jack"  was  what 
the  boys  called  Johnny,  and  Isabel  had  fallen  into  the  way  of  using 
the  name. 

"We  can  walk,  easy.    Honest,  Mama !" 

"Oh !  please  don't  go  and  say  we  can't !"  Isabel  was  beside 
herself  with  anxiety,  and  Mrs.  Thorne  knew  it.  She  relented  a 
little. 

"You'll  be  so  tired !" 

"Oh!  goody!"  said  Isabel,  understanding  that  she  had  gained 
her  point. 

"I  could  let  them  ride  Old  Jim,  but  I  really  need  him  now," 
suggested  Mr.  Thorne.     And  then  he  had  a  brilliant  thought. 
"I  believe  I  could  get  Jones'  burro,"  he  said. 
"Oh,  do !     Oh,  that'll  be  fine.     I  always  wished  I  had  a  burro !" 
cried  Isabel. 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA.  805 

And  so,  when  Isabel  and  Johnny  set  out  for  their  first  day  of 
this  new  term,  they  were  riding  on  a  very  small,  very  meek-looking, 
mouse-colored  animal. 

"It  doesn't  hardly  seem  like  he's  big  enough  to  carry  us  both, 
does  it?"  inquired  Isabel  of  Johnny,  as  they  made  the  journey  for 
the  first  time,  Isabel  in  the  saddle,  Johnny  behind  it. 

"He's  a  lot  stronger'n  he  looks,"  returned  Johnny.  And  that 
statement  they  were  to  prove  before  many  weeks  went  by,  though 
on  this  first  day  Jumbo  was  very  calm. 

"We  didn't  have  a  bit  of  trouble  with  him,  at  all,"  declared  Isabel, 
"except  when  we  were  coming  home,  he  balked." 

"He  balked  ?"  inquired  her  mother. 

"Yes,  sir,  he  did,"  cried  Johnny.  "We  met  two  men  in  a  big 
wagon — " 

"An'  he  just  stopped  in  the  road  and  wouldn't  go  on  any  more," 
Isabel  explained. 

"And  we  beat  him  and  hammered  him  with  the  stick  we  had, 
'til  we  broke  it—" 

"And  he  wouldn't  go,"  Isabel  interrupted. 

"And  so  the  men — one  of  'em — got  out  of  the  wagon  and  tried 
to  lead  him  by — " 

"And  he  wouldn't  go,"  Isabel  repeated  shrilly.  "And  the  man  in 
the  wagon  said,  'Talk  about  stubborn  as  a  mule !  Mules  can't 
hold  a  candle  to  them  little  devils!'    And — " 

"The  man  got  behind  and  pushed  him  by  the  wagon,"  piped 
Johnny.     "And  he  said  some  swearin'  kind  o'  low !" 

After  this  first  experience  Jumbo  behaved  very  well  for  a  few 
days.  Then,  one  morning,  he  ran  away.  The  children  fell  oflF; 
and  it  was  necessary  to  catch  Jumbo  and  make  a  new  start,  when 
he  walked  very  meekly  to  school. 

On  the  next  morning  he  ran  away  again,  and  he  repeated  this 
performance,  with  a  fair  degree  of  regularity,  about  twice  a  week. 
The  children  learned  to  stay  on,  at  last,  and  then  he  tried  a  new 
maneuver.  He  waited  until  he  was  more  thanj  half  way  to  the 
school,  and  then  he  started  violently,  jumped  to  one  side,  whirled, 
in  spite  of  Isabel's  best  efforts  at  the  bridle,  and  flew  back  along 
the  road  he  had  just  traveled. 

Isabel  and  Johnny  picked  themselves  up  out  of  the  rocks  at  the 
roadside,  and  limped  home,  whither  Jumbo  had  preceded  them. 
It  did  not  occur  to  them  to  give  up  the  eflfort  to  ride  to  school 
that  morning,  and  they  had  remounted  their  steed  at  their  own  door, 
before  their  mother  saw  them. 

"What  is  the  matter?"  cried  Mrs.  Thome,  rushing  out  in  time 
to  prevent  their  getting  away  unobserved. 

"He  whirled  around  with  us,  but  we'll  be  watching  him  next 


806  OUT    WEST 

time!  We'll  have  to  hurry  back  now,  or  we'll  be  late,"  answered 
Isabel  and  Johnny,  anxious  to  escape  without  giving  the  details 
of  the  mishap.  Mama  might  not  let  them  ride  Jumbo,  if  she 
knew  the  worst !  And  they  hastened  away,  followed  by  their 
mother's  still  alarmed  questions. 

"And  he  can  lope  now !  He  can  lope  fast  enough  when  he  runs 
away!  He  can  lope  now!  He'll  be  late  anyhow!"  Isabel  said 
indignantly. 

They  were  late.     Prim  little  Miss  Elliott  met  them  at  the  door. 

"How  is  it,  Isabel,  that  you  are  so  exceedingly  tardy?" 

Isabel  told  the  story,  and  the  children,  as  well  as  Miss  Elliott, 
listened  with  respect. 

At  recess,  which  came  very  soon  now.  Miss  Elliott  again  spoke 
to  Isabel. 

"You  seem  to  limp  a  little,  dear,"  said  she  kindly.  "Were  you 
hurt  by  the  fall?" 

"A  little,"  Isabel  admitted. 

"Where?"  Miss  Elliott  inquired,  but  cautiously,  so  that  the  boys 
who  were  standing  about  might  not  hear. 

"On  my  leg,"  responded  Isabel  cheerfully,  but  not  very  low. 

Miss  Elliott  looked  a  little  fluttered  at  this  intelligence,  glanced 
nervously  at  the  boys,  and  then  said : 

"Well,  just  stay  quietly  here.  Don't  walk  around,  for  you  may 
cause  an  inflammation  in  your  limb.  I'm  going  home  for  one 
moment." 

"Aw,  come  an'  play  'dare-base,'  Isabel,"  begged  the  boys. 

"Miss  Elliott  said  not  to,  and  my  leg  does  hurt  just  like  every- 
thing where  the  burro  stepped  on  me,"  Isabel  objected. 

"How  much  skin  'd  he  take  off?"  inquired  the  boys,  growing 
interested. 

"A  piece  'bout  the  size  of  his  foot,  I  think,"  said  Isabel. 

And  then  Miss  Elliott  came  in  and  sent  the  boys  away.  She 
took  Isabel  into  the  tiny  room  back  of  the  school-room,  and  after 
a  glance  around  to  assure  herself  that  no  boys  were  peeping,  she 
bade  Isabel  display  her  injury,  and  Isabel  presented  a  much-battered 
knee  to  Miss  Elliott's  horrified  eyes. 

"What  a  very  painful  injury  it  must  be!  My  dear  child,  you 
must  have  been  suffering  greatly!"  she  breathed  sympathetically. 

"It  hurt  a  good  deal,"  Isabel  replied  cheerfully,  while  Miss  Elliott 
gently  rubbed  the  knee  with  arnica.  "But  I  guess  we've  got  to 
get  used  to  things  like  this  if  we  have  this  burro  long!" 

"Oh !  my  child !"  said  Miss  Elliott,  "I  should  think  that  he  isn't 
at  all  a  safe  animal  for  you.  Can't  your  papa  procure  a  more  gentle 
donkey  ?" 


SCHOOL-DAYS    ON    THB   HASSAYAMPA.         807 

"If  this  one  throws  us  off  much  more,  I'll  ask  him,"  Isabel 
promised. 

The  next  morning  she  proposed  a  new  plan. 

"I'll  tell  you  what.  Jack !  Let's  not  have  any  saddle  on  him 
today,  because  when  there  is  a  saddle,  I  can't  slip  off  like  you  can 
when  you're  on  behind,  and  I  can't  stay  on,  so  I  have  to  get  thrown 
off.  And  if  we  had  a  surcingle  and  a  blanket,  I  could  ride  side- 
ways, and  get  off  if  he  started  to  run.  And  then  I'd  hold  on  to  that 
bridle,  and  I  guess  the  hateful  old  thing  wouldn't  get  away  from 
us  then!" 

"Bully  scheme  I"  Jack  agreed. 

"Mama's  got  cup-custard  for  our  lunch !"  Isabel  exulted  a  few 
minutes  later  as  she  slipped  her  arm  through  the  bail  of  the  lunch 
bucket  that  Jack  handed  up  to  her.  "If  there's  anything  I  like  for 
lunch,  it's  cup-custard ! — Only,"  she  added,  as  Jack  took  his  place 
behind  her,  and  Jumbo  ambled  gently  away,  "it  makes  the  bucket 
heavier,  and  if  this  hateful  old  thing  should  try  to  run  away,  it 
might  sort  of  tip  me  off  before  I  wanted  to  go." 

"I  don't  hardly  b'lieve  he'll  run  away  today.  He  did  yesterday, 
and  he  waits — " 

Jumbo  probably  heard  this  speech.  He  suddenly  started  at  some 
imaginary  wild  creature  on  the  road  before  him.  He  vaulted  into 
the  air.  Then  he  would  have  whirled  but  for  Isabel's  jerk  on  the 
bridle.  As  it  was,  he  flew  straight  ahead,  quite  forgetful  that  he 
hastened  toward  what  had  frightened  him. 

The  children  prepared  to  slip  off,  but  poor  Johnny  fell  instead, 
and  the  bank  above  the  road  was  rocky.  Isabel  was  partly  un- 
balanced by  the  weight  of  the  heavy  bucket,  which  struck  the  bank 
as  she  descended.  Her  head  had  better  luck  than  Johnny's,  but 
since  she  held  to  the  bridle,  as  she  had  promised  to  do.  Jumbo 
dragged  her,  face  downward,  along  the  stony  road,  until  the  reins 
were  broken.  But  as  the  way  was  narrow  here,  Jumbo  could  not 
conveniently  pass  them  and  run  home.  They  captured  him  without 
that  trouble. 

"How's  your  head  now?"  asked  Isabel  as  they  came  in  sight  of 
the  school-house. 

"Humph!"  Jack  replied  sourly. 

"Well,  anyhow,  he  didn't  get  clear  away  from  us,"  Isabel  mused. 
"I  look  just  perfectly  terrible  where  he  dragged  me  on  the  road, 
and  my  arm's  just  awful  skinned,  and  you've  got  your  head  broke. 
But  about  the  worst  of  all,"  she  finished  tragically,  "is  that  cup- 
custard  !     Our  lunch  is  going  to  be  pretty  slim  today." 

At  night,  when  she  told  her  mother  the  story,  she  ended  with  a 
cheering  reflection : 

"There's  one  thing,"  she  said ;  "we  didn't  have  to  go  clear  home 


808  OUT    WEST 

for  him,  and  that's  an  improvement.  I  shouldn't  wonder  if,  by 
the  time  school's  out,  we  could  stay  on  him  pretty  well." 

"You  may  be  killed  before  that  time,"  said  her  mother  gloomily. 
When  Mr.  Thorne  came,  home  a  little  later  she  began  to  tell  him 
that  the  children  should  not  ride  that  burro  again,  but  Mr.  Thorne 
would  not  wait  until  she  finished. 

"I  think  I've  made  an  arrangement  that  you'll  like,"  he  beamed. 
"I've  been  talking  to  Jim  Murphy  today,  and  he  says  he  has  several 
burros  with  young  colts.  Now,  he's  a  kind-hearted  fellow,  and 
he  doesn't  like  the  idea  of  making  those  little  things  follow  the 
pack-train  all  day.  And  then,  they're  in  the  way,  too.  So  he's 
offered  me  four  old  ones,  four  colts  and  a  yearling  for — guess!" 
Mr.  Thorne  still  beamed.     "Fifteen  dollars  for  the  lot,  mind  you !" 

"John  Thorne!    What  do  we  want  with  nine  burros?" 

"Well,  he  wouldn't  sell  any  other  way.  Wanted  kind  people  to 
have  the  beasts,  he  said.  And  won't  Dot  want  a  burro?  He  says 
that  these  are  perfectly  gentle." 

These  burros  did  prove  to  be  perfectly  gentle.  The  colts  made 
all  the  difficulty,  for  when  they  refused  to  go  to  school,  their 
mothers  grew  balky,  too.  Mama  and  Dot  were  forced  into  service 
as  drovers  nearly  every  morning. 

Then  it  was  decided  to  teach  both  "grown-up"  burros  and  colts 
a  lesson,  and  one  day  Isabel  and  Jack  urged  two  unwilling  steeds 
to  the  school-house,  and  the  colts  stayed  at  home.  The  result 
Isabel  gave  to  her  mother  that  evening. 

"Those  burros  brayed  and  brayed  and  brayed  all  day  long,  just 
awful,"  she  told  her.  "An'  just  the  minute  Jack  and  I  were  on, 
they  began  to  run,  an'  we  pulled  at  our  bridles  an'  couldn't  make 
'em  stop,  an'  I  had  just  a  blanket,  so  when  we  went  down  the  steep 
part  I  couldn't  help  slipping,  an'  so  there  I  was  clear  on  her  neck, 
an'  I  thought  I'd  go  over  her  head,  but  I  didn't,  an'  my  heels  kept 
pounding  her  knees  every  step,  but  she  didn't  care  a  bit,  an'  I  just 
had  to  hang  on  by  her  hair,  an'  a  wagon  was  coming  up  the  hill, 
an'  when  we  passed  it  I  tried  to  look  like  I  was  riding  fast  for 
fun — an'  I  wonder  what  the  people  thought !"  Isabel  stopped,  con- 
vulsed with  mirth. 

"Oh!  these  animals  are  not  safe!  What  shall  we  do?"  cried 
her  mother. 

"That's  very  simple,  I  think,"  said  Isabel.  "You'll  have  to  start 
the  colts  ofif  with  us  every  morning — if  you  don't  mind.  Mama." 

And  that  is  just  what  Mrs.  Thorne  did  have  to  do. 

Maxton,  Arizona. 


809 

the:  faduuous 

By  R.  C.  PITZER. 
CHAPTER    VII. 

THE  DOWNING  RANCH. 

jCAMMEL  took  Luke's  horse  by  the  bridle.  "I'll  trot 
the  animals  to  the  stable,"  he  said,  ''and  get  that  kid, 
and  then  we'll  knuckle  down  to  business.  Walk  around 
and  look  at  the  place.  There  ain't  any  dangerous 
dogs." 

Luke  hesitated,  scowled  at  the  open  door,  and  then  shrugged  his 
shoulders.     "Where's  the  bunk-house?"  he  asked. 

Scammel  noiselessly  laughed.  "It's  shut  up  every  fall,"  he 
returned.  "Nobody  '11  be  near  it  until  the  cattle  come  in.  You'll 
stay  with  Dow  and  me  at  the  house.    There's  plenty  of  rooms." 

"But  she  said—" 

"Hump,  yes ;  she's  sore  because  I  called  her  down  in  front  of 
you,  likely.  I'll  introduce  you  to  Mrs.  Downing.  You'll  stay  with 
us  until  you  take  the  trail  again.  Coon's  used  to  running  things 
high-handed,  but  she'll  climb  down  before  long — she  always  does. 
Don't  pay  any  attention  to  her  notions." 

He  clucked  to  the  horses  and  trotted  off,  leaving  the  stranger 
alone  before  the  empty  verandah.  Luke  stared  about  him,  searched 
his  pockets,  found  a  pipe,  and,  with  that  consolation  visibly  heating 
his  nose,  strolled  away  to  examine  the  Downing  Ranch  houses, 
while  awaiting  Scammel's  leisure  and  the  appearance  of  Dow  with 
the  burros. 

The  residence  itself  was  a  long,  low  structure  of  rough  stones 
and  boulders,  plastered  together  almost  in  the  pioneer  days,  and 
bearing  many  and  evident  marks  of  unskilful  workmanship,  while 
in  design  it  hinted  of  the  Mexican  adobe  ranches  farther  south. 
The  house  was  in  a  very  park  of  silver  spruces,  whose  straight 
trunks  rose  in  geometrical  patterns  from  the  grassless  and  needle- 
covered  gravel  of  the  hillside.  Passing  to  the  rear,  Luke  entered 
a  grove  of  apple-trees,  old,  twisted,  gnarled,  and  of  doubtful  utility, 
with  bare  limbs  hanging  in  desolation.  The  little  orchard  mounted 
the  hill,  and  Luke,  walking  up  the  roadway,  came  out  upon  a  broad 
plateau  that  stretched  level  and  treeless  to  the  first  mountains  of 
the  Great  Divide.  To  the  left  were  several  log-houses  and  stables, 
where  Scammel  was  even  then  disappearing;  to  the  right  stood 
row  after  row  of  corrals,  and  beyond  these  a  hedge  of  tall,  bare 
cottonwoods.  Luke  walked  riverward,  and,  reaching  the  hedge, 
wormed  through  a  barbed-wire  fence  that  stretched  from  tree  to 
tree.  Here  the  land  fell  away  to  the  river,  and  within  the  fence 
stood  several  hay-stacks,  while  the  ground  to  the  edge  of  the  water 


810  OUT    WEST 

was  evidently  under  constant  cultivation.  Beyond,  the  land  was 
hilly  but  farmed,  and  there,  too,  fenced  with  cottonwood  trees.  East 
of  the  plowed  land,  and  directly  north  of  the  house,  was  a  rocky 
gully  running  from  the  Liver  Ridge  Mountains,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  this  gully  Luke  noted  a  creek  flowing  into  Saw  River.  Vaguely 
he  remembered  his  uncle's  map.  It  gave  but  two  northern  creeks; 
could  this  be  one  of  them?  He  had  taken  out  his  pocket-book  to 
compare  landscape  with  paper,  when  he  heard  the  clatter  of  a  horse 
behind  him,  and  turned,  hastily  concealing  the  book. 

Smudge  rode  up  to  the  wire,  stopped,  and  drew  his  hat  down 
over  his  little  eyes,  scowling  with  pug-nosed  resentment. 

"Say,"  the  boy  began,  "what  'd  you  go  an'  tell  Miss  Coon  I'd 
been  boozin'  for,  hey?" 

Luke  put  his  pipe  in  his  pocket.  "My  lad,"  he  said,  "you  need 
a  confoundedly  good  thrashing,  and  I'm  just  the  man  to  give  it  to 
you.  A  little  of  your  guff  goes  a  long  way.  Everybody  in  this 
delightful  country  seems  to  pick  me  out  to  shy  cans  at,"  he 
added,  half  to  himself,  and  therewith  came  through  the  fence. 

Smudge  looked  alarmed  and  brought  his  horse's  head  up  with 
a  jerk,  but  he  held  his  ground.  "Come  on,"  he  piped,  not  offering 
to  dismount.  "I  kin  take  a  thumpin'  when  I'm  right,  but  that's 
all  I'll  take  from  a  sneak.  First,  you  tell  her  you  didn't  give  me 
no  chaw,  and  then,  when  you  seen  I'd  taken  a  thimble  of  whisky, 
sociable,  with  a  friend,  you've  got  to  trot  off  and  peach  like  a 
hellendam  minister." 

"So  you  were  drinking?"  Luke  said.  "You  deserve  a  thrashing 
for  that,  too.  And  now  look  here,  son,  *  you  just  cluck  to  that 
horse  and  gallop  away,  or  I'll  make  you  feel  as  if  you'd  been  riding 
a  hundred  miles  on  a  mule.  But  as  for  the  liquor,  I  didn't  tell  her 
because  I  didn't  know,  and  because  it  doesn't  matter  a  whoop  to 
me  whether  you  and  Coon  and  the  whole  shebang  drink  vitriol  or 
not — understand?     Now,  pike!" 

"Excuse  me,"  Smudge  grinned,  rather  sheepishly.  "Thought  you 
was  a  Easterner,  pardner.  If  you  didn't  tell  her,  I  ain't  got  no 
kick  comin'.     Shake," 

"No,"  Luke  refused;  "you're  not  my  style." 

"All  right,  but  you're  beginning  to  be  mine.  Say,  did  Scam 
give  me  away  ?  Mommer !  but  Miss  June  sure  smelt  my  breath  and 
lit  into  me  with  a  quirt.  My  legs  and  shoulders  feel  like  I'd  been 
investigatin'  a  beehive.  She  was  takin'  out  her  grudge  agin  you, 
I  reckon — you  and  Dow." 

"A  lovely  lady,"  Luke  murmured.  "She'd  be  a  charming  wife. 
But  you  deserved  it,  son,  and  Welcome  deserves  a  double  dose. 
He  hardly  impressed  me  as  a  fellow  who  would  sell  liquor  to  a 
child." 


THE   FABULOUS.  811 

"Yeh?  Think  I  wear  'broidery  on  my  pants?  Git  out!  Any- 
how, Welcome  didn't;  it  was  Dow  gave  me  the  booze.  He's  back 
on  the  trail  somewheres,  about  twice  shot  and  double  nasty,  singing 
hymns  an'  cussin'  Miss  Coon.  He'll  git  his."  Smudge  paused  a 
moment.  "Better  git  a  cayuse  and  come  out  f'r  a  ride,"  he  pro- 
posed. "It's  a  pritty  summery  day  down  at  the  shack,  an'  I'm 
goin'  over  to  the  Buster  trail  an'  cool  off.  We  kin  git  dinner  at 
some  of  the  camps  and  mosey  home  in  time  for  supper." 

"Camps?"  Luke  asked  quickly.  "Are  the  prospectors  already  in 
the  valley  from  Buster?" 

"Oh,  yeh;  they've  been  comin'  in  all  week.  You  kin  see  a  line 
of  smoke  along  the  trail  mornin's  and  evenin's."  Smudge  rode  to 
where  no  trees  obstructed  the  view  and  expounded.  "The  Buster 
trail,"  he  said,  pointing  to  the  northwest,  "comes  in  about  there, 
and  crawls  along  the  edge  of  the  Liver  Ridge,  crossin'  Cub  Creek — 
that's  the  Httle  trickle  that's  buttin'  into  Saw  down  there  at  your 
feet — and  then  goes  farther  in  and  winds  on  toward  Pactolus  over 
in  the  northeast.  Sabe?  There's  about  two  'r  three  hundred  men 
pikin'  along  there,  like  a  circus-parade  or  a  Labor-day  celebration. 
If  you're  boomin',  you  don't  want  to  fool  away  much  time,  or  there 
won't  be  a  rock  within  twenty  miles  of  Pactolus  City  that  you  kin 
stake  out.  It's  all  rotten  foolishness.  Cattle's  the  cheese.  I'm 
goin'  to  own  cattle.  Cattle  for  little  Smudgie  every  blame  time. 
Comin'  with  me?" 

Luke  shook  his  head.  "No,"  he  said,  "I  don't  run  away  from 
irritable  ladies  with  quirts  and  tongues." 

"She  ain't  this  way  often,"  Smudge  protested.  "Don't  you  go  to 
thinkin'  she's  scrappy,  'cause  she  ain't.  This  is  only  the  third  time 
she's  lit  into  me,  and  I  reckon  I  deserved  'em,  and  more  a-plenty. 
It  ain't  none  of  your  funeral,  anyhow;  and  she's  kind-a  irritable 
regardin'  Dow.  A  lot  of  monkey  bus'ness  about  nothin'.  Well, 
so  long!"  Smudge  touched  his  horse  with  a  spur  and  cantered 
along  the  fence,  while  Luke  turned  back  toward  the  house. 

Dow  Scammel  was  drunk !  The  tale  sounded  like  the  absurd  and 
inconsequential  lie  of  an  irresponsible  boy ;  but  of  course  it  was 
possible.  Yet  there  seemed  to  be  no  reason  for  such  an  insanity, 
and  for  Dow  to  repeat  the  offense  for  which  he  probably  had  been 
exiled  the  moment  that  exile  was  ended,  would  be  no  less  than 
insanity.     It  was  wholly  incomprehensible,  unbelievable. 

Returning  through  the  orchard,  Luke  saw  Mrs.  Downing  ad- 
vancing on  the  roadway.     She  looked  up,  and  beckoned. 

"I  started  to  see  if  I  could  be  more  successful  in  searching  for 
you  than  Mr.  Scammel  was,"  she  said,  smiling  rather  nervously. 

"He  is  hunting  me?"  Luke  asked  in  surprise.     "I  didn't  notice. 


812  OUT     WEST 

• 

I  was  over  beyond  the  corrals  looking  at  your  landscape  and  farm, 
Mrs.  Downing." 

"Yes,  but  he  couldn't  wait."  She  took  Luke's  arm  in  quite  a 
friendly  fashion.  ''He  rode  down  the  road  to — see  his  son.  You 
haven't  known  Downing  long,  have  you?" 

Luke  briefly  explained  that  his  business  was  with  the  father, 
and  that  the  son  merely  acted  as  a  guide. 

"Yes,"  she  said  absently.  "It's  quite  incomprehensible.  I  beg 
your  pardon.  I'm  silly.  Of  course  I  was  thinking  of  Downing. 
I  can't  understand  why  the  boy  should  do  such  a  thing,  now  of  all 
times.    But  you  don't  understand.     He  has — he  has  been — he  is — " 

"I  saw  your  protege,  Smudge,"  Luke  said.  "He  told  me.  Dow 
did  not  impress  me  as  that  sort  of  a  chap  at  all — not  that  sort  ordi- 
narily. I  mean,  not  weak.  He  never  seemed  to  crave  stimulants, 
and  why  he  should  succumb  now, — really,  I  can't  quite  believe  it." 

"It's  true.  Of  course  you  know  he  was  sent  away  once  for 
just  that — that,  and  things  like  that.  He  was  coming  back  on  suf- 
ferance today,  and  I  was  so  glad.  I've  always  liked  the  boy.  It's 
very  sad.  It  seems  to  be  an  ineradicable  mania.  Mr.  Scammel  is 
quite  out  of  patience.  He  rode  down  to — I  don't  know  what.  As 
soon  as  Smudge  told  us,  we  sent  for  Mr.  Scammel,  and  when  he 
heard  he  stormed  out  of  the  house,  merely  calling  that  I  was  to 
look  after  you.  As  of  course  we  would  have  been  only  too  glad 
to  do  under  any  circumstances." 

While  she  talked  they  turned  into  the  piny  avenue,  and  rounded 
the  house,  where  a  white  van  stood  before  the  empty  verandah. 

"Welcome  is  here?"  Luke  asked. 

"Yes;  he  and  June  are  in  the  library.  He  saw  Downing.  The 
boy  turned  about  and  is  going  down  the  river.  He  realizes  his 
condition,  I  suppose,  and  is  afraid  to  come  home.  But  don't  let 
us  talk  of  that.  I  was  hoping  he  would  be  sensible.  I'm  sure 
what  June  said  to  him  was  for  his  own  good.  He  need  not  have 
taken  it  so  hardly  and  so  foolishly." 

"I  can  understand  a  man  killing  himself  if  the  world  isn't  worth 
while,"  Luke  said,  "though  I  can't  understand — liquor." 

"Perhaps  I  shouldn't  have  mentioned  the  matter,"  she  sighed. 
"I'm  a  trifle  upset.  It's  like  carrying  on  a  family  squabble  at  the 
dinner-table.  But  as  you  were  with  Dow,  it's  rather  like  speaking 
to  one  of  his  friends,  isn't  it  ?"  She  put  her  lips  together  and  went 
into  the  verandah,  where  she  slipped  into  a  rocker  and  motioned 
to  a  nearby  chair.  Luke  obediently  took  a  seat.  "And  now,"  she 
said,  with  a  sudden  change  of  manner,  dropping  into  the  conven- 
tional and  good-humored  tones  of  a  hostess,  "you've  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  see  our  home.     Does  not  it  impress  you,  a  city  man,  as 


THE   FABULOUS.  813 

being  altogether  dreary  and  monotonous?  You  wonder  how  two 
women  can  possibly  exist  here?" 

"Indeed,  no!"  Luke  exclaimed;  "no!  I  did  wonder  when  I  first 
heard  of  you,  but  the  mountains  have  taken  possession  of  me  since 
then.  Yesterday  morning  on  the  Pass,  when  I  first  caught  sight 
of  this  valley,  somehow  I  felt  as  if  I  were  seeing  home  after  a 
very  long  absence.  I'm  already  forgetting  what  a  city  street  is, 
and  it  takes  an  effort  to  recall  the  crowds.  No,  just  now  at  least, 
I  am  too  enthusiastic  to  do  anything  but  envy  you." 

"That  is  one  effect  of  the  hills,"  Mrs.  Downing  smiled,  "but  it 
frequently  vanishes.  We  often  have  a  houseful  of  city  guests  in 
the  fall,  and  I  notice  that  the  men  are  either  quite  carried  out  of 
themselves,  or  quite  bored  to  death.  Some  are  never  in  the  house 
but  to  eat  and  sleep,  and  others  are  never  farther  than  the  apple 
orchard.  And  the  women  invariably  sympathize  with  our  hard 
lots,  and  yawn  their  heads  off  while  they  commiserate." 

Luke  laughed.  "Do  you  know,"  he  said  confidentially,  "I  was 
awfully  surprised  by  Miss  Downing  and  you.  Dare  I  tell?  I  ex- 
pected to  be  asked  about  the  rebellion,  and  the  price  of  calves  in 
Chicago ;  and  here  I've  found — Well,  my  mother  was  a  little  woman, 
like  you,  and,  like  you,  she  always  wore  soft,  clinging,  black  things 
that  somehow  made  her  seem  young.  She  was  more  of  a  chum 
than  a  mother.  Miss  Downing — "  Luke  hesitated.  In  his  memory 
remained  her  golden  brown  eyes,  glowing  like  magnets,  and  he  drew 
a  deep  breath.     "She  surprised  me,"  he  added. 

"She  generally  does,"  Mrs.  Downing  gurgled.  "But  you  mustn't 
mind.  She's  a  girl  of  moods,  and,  really,  what  with  that  odd  Wel- 
come, and  Smudge,  and  the  rest  of  her  pets  and  proteges,  she 
usually  finds  something  to  worry  over.  She  takes  a  great  interest 
in  the  cattle,  of  course,  and  you  must  consider  her  more  as  a  busi- 
ness woman  than  as  a  daughter  of  the  ranch.  Since  very  early  girl- 
hood she  has  had  the  cattle  on  her  shoulders,  you  might  say,  and 
now  she  and  Mr.  Scammel  run  the  place.  I  don't  know  what  I'd 
do  without  her.     A  son  could  hardly  manage  things  better." 

"You  are  fortunate,"  Luke  said.  "I  can  see  that  you  don't  care 
much  for  business  yourself — you  are  too  much  like  my  mother  for 
that — and  to  have  a  child  who  understands  money  matters  is  some- 
what of  a  blessing  in  this  age.  Mother  had  great  expectations  of 
me,"  he  added,  smiling.  "I  was  the  only  child,  and  she  had  planned 
to  see  me  a  financial  something-or-other,  quite  respectable,  conven- 
tional, well-to-do,  and  churchy,  don't  you  know?  But  I  turned 
out  a  mere  dreamer,  incapable  of  making  ten  dollars  in  business, 
and  more  incapable  of  saving  what  might  be  given  by  the  gods. 
Mothers  are  generally  disappointed,  I  think.     If  they  decide  a  child 


814  OUT    WEST 

is  going  to  be  a  genius,  it  becomes  a  chap  with  a  horror  of  starva- 
tion and  dies  a  milHonaire." 

"I  was  disappointed,"  Mrs.  Downing  returned.  "I  can't  think 
of  those  days  with  equanimity  even  now.  Mr.  Downing  died  quite 
suddenly,  before  June  was  born,  and  he  left  our  finances  in  a  terrible 
tangle.  Not  but  what  everything  would  have  gone  on  well  enough 
had  he  lived,  but  he  had  so  many  irons  in  the  fire,  and  I  really 
didn't  know  what  to  do,  nor  how  to  begin  doing  it.  If  it  hadn't 
been  for  Mr.  Scammel,  I'm  afraid  I  would  have  lost  about  every- 
thing. It  was  then  I  realized  what  a  man  in  the  house  meant,  a 
man  with  a  head  for  business,  and  I  did  hope  that  June  would  be  a 
boy.  I'm  quite  old-fashioned;  I  believe  in  men.  It  takes  a  man 
to  rule  men.  And  women,"  she  added.  "But  I  did  my  best  to  make 
June  a  boy,"  she  continued.  "Until  she  was  about  twelve,  I  think 
she  was  rather  doubtful  of  her  sex,  really,  and  she  could  throw  a 
riata  like  a  man.  It  was  beautiful  to  see  her.  Then  I  put  her  in 
dresses  and  gave  her  a  thoroughly  business  education,  and  though 
it  isn't  quite  the  same  as  a  son,  I  think  she  does  her  best.  She 
doesn't  impress  you  as  one  of  these  soft,  useless  sort  of  women, 
like  me,  does  she?" 

"Indeed,  no !"  Luke  said.  "But  neither  is  she  the  least  bit  man- 
nish.    Keep  her  just  as  she  is ;  she's  perfect." 

"Thanks,"  said  June,  dryly,  from  the  doorway.  "Didn't  mean 
to  overhear,  of  course.  But,  mama,  you'll  never  get  over  asking 
advice  of  every  one  you  meet.  Mama  has  a  habit  of  consulting 
each  man  who  comes  here  about  the  best  way  to  raise  me,"  she 
added.     "What  is  your  advice,  Mr. ?" 

"Winne,"  Mrs.  Downing  prompted. 

"Yes;  I  forget  names  so  easily.  So  you  think  I'll  do  just  as  I 
am?"  she  added,  as  she  perched  herself  on  an  arm  of  her  mother's 
chair  and  darted  a  demoralizing  glance  at  Winne  from  under  her 
heavy  lashes. 

Luke  was  incapable  of  coherent  speech.  His  face  was  flushed 
with  embarrassment,  but  his  eyes  glowed,  and  an  ecstatic  thrill — 
something  between  a  sense  of  hearing  cherubic  harps  and  feeling 
Satanic  gridirons — tortured  him.  June  had  changed  from  her  cor- 
duroy riding  habit  into  a  clinging  house-gown,  and  in  her  new 
guise  seemed  a  very  personification  of  grace  and  purity  of  line. 

"I'm  afraid  I  was  a  little  short  with  you  this  morning,  Mr. 
Winne,"  she  continued,  (Luke  vaguely  wondered  how  he  could 
ever  have  thought  that  ripe  mouth  big,  or  those  rounded,  dimpled 
cheeks  merely  brown.)  "But  I  really  didn't  understand.  I  thought 
you  some  Kettleton  friend  of  Dow,  and  as  a  rule  I  don't  approve 
of  his  friends."     She  held  out  a  hand  over  her  mother's  shoulder. 


THE   FABULOUS.  815 

"Shall  we  kiss  and  make  up?"  she  asked,  again  flashing  her  golden 
eyes  at  him. 

Luke  caught  her  hand  and  beamed.  It  was  a  firm,  hard  palm, 
and  the  handshake  she  gave  him  was  vigorously  masculine. 

"I'd  like  to  have  you  consider  me  a  pirate  every  morning,"  he 
stuttered,  "if  you'll  but  change  your  mind  at  noon.  It— it's  awfully 
nice  of  you  to — not  to — eat  me,"  he  added,  barely  saving  himself 
from  an  abject  inanity. 

"Yes,  isn't  it?"  she  smiled,  withdrawing  her  hand.  "But  I  may 
yet." 

"I  hope  you  do!"  Luke  exclaimed. 

CHAPTER     VIII. 

THE  ENVELOPE. 

Seated  on  the  western  end  of  the  verandah,  where  the  warm 
April  sun  assisted  in  producing  the  pleasant  torpor  that  should 
always  accompany  an  after-luncheon  cigar,  Luke  lazily  smoked. 

"This  cigar,  Miss  Downing,  is  heaven,"  he  said.  "I  smoked  my 
last  Havana  on  New  Year  Day, — ah!  I  swore  off  then,  don't  you 
know?"  he  hastily  added.  "Took  to  a  pipe.  I  found  that  too 
many  cigars  were  rather  damaging  me.  And  then  I — couldn't  afford 
it.  But  do  you  grow  wonderful  things  like  cigars  out  here,  may 
I  ask?" 

"A  friend  sent  me  a  box  for  a  Christmas  present,"  June  laughed, 
"and  I've  kept  it  for  the  boys.  They'll  be  here  with  the  stock  in 
a  short  time." 

Mrs.  Downing  came  out,  with  a  black  shawl  of  an  ante-bellum 
pattern  thrown  over  her  shoulders,  and  Luke  hastened  to  fetch  her 
a  chair. 

"Mr.  Scammel  hasn't  come  yet?"  she  inquired. 

June  shook  her  head,  and  almost  imperceptibly  frowned  at  her 
mother.  Mrs.  Downing  lay  back  in  her  chair  with  a  smile  of  thanks 
at  Luke,  followed  by  a  low  sigh.  Her  face  bore  a  worried  expres- 
sion, and  she  was  nervous,  fidgeting,  and  constantly  peering  out 
among  the  pines  and  down  the  winding  avenue.  The  plateau  itself 
was  quite  hidden  by  the  dull  green  of  the  needles. 

"We  generally  have  more  men  here  at  meal-time  than  we  had 
today,"  June  said.  "Mr.  Scammel  is  off  on  business  somewhere, 
I  guess,  and  Smudge  is  gone,  too.  I  had  to  teach  him  a  lesson 
in  obedience  this  morning,  and  I  suppose  he  rode  off  in  a  pet." 

"Yes,"  Luke  smiled;  "I  saw  him.  He  said  he  was  going  to  get 
dinner  from  some  camp  on  the  Buster  trail,  and  strongly  advised 
me  to — er — asked  me  to  go  along  for  the  ride." 

June's  laugh  tinkled.  "Oh,  dear!"  she  gasped,  wiping  her  eyes, 
"I'll  never  get  over  that!     Why  didn't  you  go?" 


816  OUT    WEST 

"I  wasn't  afraid,"  Luke  answered,  bravely  enough,  though  his 
eyes  fell.     "I  wanted  to  stay." 

"Dear,"  Mrs.  Downing  reproved  June,  "you  should  explain.  Mr. 
Winne  will  think  you  have  a  terrible  temper." 

"Will  you?"  June  asked. 

"No,"  Luke  returned;  "Smudge  explained  without  meaning  to. 
It's  a  hard  problem.  I  see  that  you  are  trying  to  make  a  more  or  less 
normal  man  out  of  the  boy,  and  that  you  have  everything  in  the  way 
of  heredity  and  early  environment  to  contend  with.  I  should  judge 
from  Smudge's  talk  that  even  the  environment  here,  after  the  cow- 
men come  for  the  summer,  isn't  wholly  satisfactory.  Of  course  you 
ladies  do  a  good  deal  to  counteract  it,  but  he  rather  admires  the  lax 
masculinity  of  the  bunk  house.  And,  too,  he's  a  trifle  afraid  of  the 
men's  ridicule.    He  let  me  see  that." 

"Thank  you,"  June  said;  "I'm  glad  you  told  me.  That  is  some- 
thing I've  feared,  but  he  wouldn't  acknowledge  its  truth  to  me.  I 
must  try  to  keep  him  away  from  the  punchers  as  much  as  possible. 
He  swears  a  good  deal,  doesn't  he  ?  Of  course  he  is  careful  not  to 
when  I  can  hear." 

"Yes,  he  swears.  But  I  don't  think  you  need  to  be  at  all  de- 
spondent about  him.  Miss  Downing.  He  cares  for  you  and  for  what 
you  think  of  him.  In  fact,  he  is  very  chivalrous  where  you  are  con- 
cerned. That,  of  course,  tends  to  make  him  deceitful  now,  but  it 
must  change  his  nature  as  he  matures.  There  is  quite  a  manly 
streak  in  Smudge.  With  you  ladies  behind  him  I  think  he  is  bound 
to  turn  out  well." 

"Thank  you,"  said  June  again ;  "I'm  glad  you  understand,  and  can 
appreciate  what  we  wish  to  do.  If  you  could  give  any  advice — . 
We  don't  know  masculine  psychology,  and  it's  hard  to  tell  exactly 
what  to  do  with  him.  Mr.  Scammel  and  his  son  take  no  interest  in 
such  things,  and  their  advice  is  useless.  Mr.  Scammel  merely  says 
that  Smudge  needs  hard  knocks.    I  don't  think  so.    Do  you  ?" 

"It  depends  on  the  definition,"  Luke  reflected.  "All  boys  need 
them  at  a  certain  stage  of  development.  I  think,  though,  that  with 
Smudge  the  struggle  should  come  after  he  is  educated  and  can  think. 
For  a  rather  unsteady  boy  perhaps  there  is  nothing  better,  all  in  all, 
than  some  business  interest — something  with  a  trifle  of  fighting,  a 
good  deal  of  education,  and  enough  opposition  to  quicken  his  own 
stubbornness.  Smudge  is  stubborn ;  if  he  set  his  heart  on  doing 
something  worth  while,  the  struggle  itself  would  develop  him.  He 
has  no  actually  criminal  instincts,  has  he  ?" 

"Not  now,"  Mrs.  Downing  put  in;  "he  had  in  Denver.  He  has 
been  honest  with  us,  perhaps  out  of  a  sense  of  loyalty." 

Luke  thoughtfully  puflFed  at  his  cigar.  "I  suppose  I'll  be  up  here 
all  summer,"  he  said  at  last.    "May  I  borrow  him  from  you  ?    I  need 


THB   FABULOUS.  817 

a  packer  if  Dow  isn't — ah — if  I'm  to  be  much  alone ;  for  Mr.  Scam- 
mel  will  be  here  at  the  ranch  most  of  the  time.  At  least,  I  don't 
swear  much  or  drink  much,  or  set  a  particularly  bad  example,  and 
the  boy  would  be  kept  away  from  the  men.  Then,  too,  I  could  study 
him,  and  perhaps  learn  more  about  his  aspirations  than  even  Miss 
June  can.  He  shows  a  tendency  to  confide  in  me.  I  might  be  of 
help." 

"It's  very  good  of  you  to  offer,"  June  returned,  gratefully.  "I've 
been  fearing  the  punchers'  return.  Last  summer  Smudge  was  with 
them  all  the  time.    I'm  sure  you  can  be  of  great  help  to  me." 

"You  are  very  kind,"  Mrs.  Downing  supplemented,  less  warmly ; 
"but,  June,  do  you  think  we  can  give  Mr.  Winne  so  much  trouble  ?" 

"Oh,  no  bother !"  Luke  cried.  "Please,  Mrs.  Downing,  I — "  Then, 
realizing  that  perhaps  he  was  too  eager,  he  stopped.  He  fancied 
that  both  ladies  must  know  why  he  wanted  Smudge.  "I  need  a 
helper,  as  I've  said,"  he  gulped ;  "and  then — well,  to  be  honest  about 
it.  Smudge  will  be  a  sort  of  a  connecting  link  between  you  and  me, 
Mrs.  Downing.  Perhaps  when  I'm  working  in  the  hills  and  get 
hungry  for  a  real  dinner  and  a  civilized  hour,  I  can  use  him  as  an 
excuse  and  come  down  to  report  progress." 

Mrs.  Downing  smiled,  but  June  turned  her  face  away  and  sat 
silent,  looking  out  into  the  spruces. 

"You  need  not  find  an  excuse  to  come,"  Mrs.  Downing  said ;  "we 
will  be  very  glad  to  have  you  without  excuses  whenever  your  pros- 
pecting will  permit.  But,  of  course,  if  Smudge  can  be  of  help  to  you 
we  will  let  you  hire  him.  It  should  be  good  for  the  boy  to  work  for 
himself.  Shall  we  let  him  go  with  Mr.  Winne,  June,  providing  he 
cares  to  take  the  place  ?" 

June  tapped  her  shoe  on  the  floor  in  abstraction.  "I — "  she  began 
with  hesitation,  "I  hardly  know.  As  you  say,  it  would  be  a  bother 
to  Mr.  Winne." 

Luke  leaned  forward.  Instinctively  he  knew  that  June  under- 
stood. "I  won't  beg,"  he  said,  "but  I  want  him.  I've  explained 
why." 

"But  June,"  Mrs.  Downing  remonstrated,  "a  moment  ago  you 
seemed  to  like  the  idea." 

"Very  well,"  June  said,  almost  below  her  breath,  "you  may  take 
him,  Mr.  Winne."  She  rose  and  walked  toward  the  steps,  where, 
just  then,  Dad  Welcome  appeared.  "And  you  must  be  sure  to  come 
and  report  often,"  she  added.  She  turned  to  Welcome  and  waved 
her  hand.  "Fed  your  horses,  Daddie?"  she  called.  "Fetch  a  chair 
and  join  the  club.    I've  a  cigar  ready  for  you.    Shall  I  light  it?" 

Welcome  chuckled.  "Dare  you  to !"  he  cackled,  dragging  a  chair 
over  the  floor. 


818  OUT    WEST 

June  turned  with  mischievous  eyes  challenging  Luke's.  "Got  a 
match?"  she  demanded  in  an  exaggeratedly  masculine  manner. 

"June!"  Mrs.  Downing  cried  in  shocked  surprise.  "June!  You'll 
make  yourself  sick !" 

"Oh,  I  used  to  smoke  cigarettes  when  I  was  a  kid,"  she  returned, 
and  therewith  lighted  the  cigar  and  handed  it  to  Welcome.  But 
with  the  action  her  momentarily  ebullient  spirits  failed  and  she 
quietly  resumed  her  seat,  folding  her  hands  in  her  lap  and  musing, 
while  rather  melancholy  lines  grew  about  her  mouth.  There  was  a 
long  silence  on  the  verandah,  a  silence  that  Welcome  suddenly  broke. 

"Where's  the  man?"  he  uneasily  inquired. 

"Who?"  Mrs.  Downing  asked.  "Oh,  Mr.  Scammel,  you  mean? 
It's  odd  that  you  forget  names  so  easily.  He  is  out  on  the  plateau 
somewhere,  hunting  Downing,  I  believe.  The  boy  should  have  come 
on  to  the  ranch.  I  am  quite  worried.  You  passed  him,  you  say, 
going  back  down  the  valley  ?" 

"Yes'm,  I  saw  him  near  the  big  bend.  He  was  hitting  the  back 
trail  like  a  string  of  steers  trying  to  shake  off  the  horse-flies.  He 
was  sure  traveling  some,  and  he  didn't  say  how-de  because  of  the 
hymns  he  was  singing.  I've  been  kind  of  wondering  if  he  had  those 
burros  packed  with  gold-dust.  He  acted  like  it,  and  kept  on  making 
church  music  about  letting  thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  and  lead 
kindly  light,  and  such  things." 

"I  haven't  looked  at  all  your  books  yet,  Daddie  Welcome,"  June 
interposed.  "Are  they  in  the  wagon  ?  Welcome  brought  me  a  set  of 
Ibsen  as  a  present,"  she  said  to  Luke. 

"Yes,  I  know.  Mr.  Welcome  asked  me  whether  the  volumes  were 
innocuous  or  something  to  that  effect." 

"And  your  answer  ?"  June  challenged  him. 

"I  didn't  have  one  then.  It  depends  on  the  reader,  doesn't  it? 
Where  ignorance  is  bliss,  'tis  folly  to  read  Ibsen." 

"And  John  Stuart  Mill,"  June  supplemented.  "So  the  men  say. 
Unfortunately,  with  us  women  ignorance  is  not  bliss." 

"I  can't  read  plays,"  Mrs.  Downing  said,  "and  I  never  get  a  chance 
to  see  them,  of  course.  I  remember  'The  Two  Orphans'  very  well, 
however,  and  'The  Lady  of  Lyons.'  June  would  enjoy  them,  as 
she  is  inclined  to  be  romantic." 

June  dimpled.  "Yes,"  she  demurely  acquiesced,  "romanticism  is 
lovely  and  progressive.  My  mind  is  full  of  adventurings,  probably 
because  we  lead  such  a  quiet,  secluded  life  here.  There  is  nothing 
more  natural  and  thought-provoking  than  romantic  happenings,  such 
as  yours  have  been,  Mr.  Winne ;  those  of  the  trail,  I  mean,  that  you 
told  us  of  at  luncheon." 

"They  were  real,  at  least." 

"Yes,  such  things  must  happen  as  long  as  we  have  wildernesses. 


THE   FABULOUS.  819 

outlaws,  prospectors,  and  gold.  If  we  had  nothing  but  the  gold,  they 
would  happen.  That  is  one  thing  that  so  forcibly  attracts  me  to 
romanticism.  It  casts  such  a  halo  over  gold-hunting,  gold-making, 
and  gold-spending,  don't  you  think,  and  makes  a  rather  sordid 
reality  seem  ideal?  Mr.  Pickett,  and  Dow,  and  Whiskers  and  his 
Chinaman,  are  quite  captivating  idealists.  So  are  all  business-men, 
however.  And  you  and  Mr.  Scammel  have  some  idea  of  finding  for- 
tunes yonder,  haven't  you  ?"    She  waved  her  hand  westward. 

"A  lost  mine,"  Luke  returned. 

"Hey?"  The  pedlar  pushed  his  hat  back  and  stared.  "Lost  mine? 
Why,  there  used  to  be  lots  of  them.  There  aren't  any  more,  though. 
They've  all  been  found.  There  used  to  be  one  up  in  the  Liver 
Ridge,  but  it's  gone." 

"The  Fabulous,"  Mrs.  Downing  said.  "Mr.  Downing  and  Mr. 
Scammel  hunted  it  for  years.  I  remember  when  that  horse-thief 
stopped  with  us  and  showed  the  gold.  We  were  living  in  a  little 
cabin  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  and  the  men  hung  young  Mus- 
grove  on  a  tree  farther  up  the  gulch.  I  could  never  go  through  an 
experience  like  that  again.  Of  course  it  was  necessary  to  hang  the 
man,  but  they  might  have  taken  him  farther  from  the  ranch.  I 
couldn't  sleep  for  a  week  afterward.  You've  heard  the  circum- 
stance ?" 

"It  wouldn't  take  a  genius  at  guessing,"  June  put  in,  "to  guess 
that  Mr.  Winne  has  heard  the  story  often.  Come,  now,  hasn't  Mr. 
Scammel  inoculated  you  with  his  virus  ?  And  aren't  you  two  going 
to  make  a  final  effort  to  find  the  Fabulous  ?" 

"Yes,"  Luke  acknowledged,  "I'm  interested." 

"The  cabin  is  still  standing,"  Mrs.  Downing  continued.  "Only 
last  summer  June  and  I  rode  over  and  looked  at  it.  And  the  tree  is 
there  yet — the  Hanging  Tree  it  is  now  called.  Mr.  Welcome's 
wagon  was  there  when  we  visited  the  place." 

"I  cache  my  traps  under  that  tree  above  the  ruined  cabin  every 
summer,"  Welcome  said.  "It  seems  a  pretty  good  place  to  leave 
things,  and  I  rather  like  it.  I  rather  like  it,"  he  repeated.  "There 
are  two  graves  up  on  the  hillslope  and  I  go  up  there  and  sort  of  say 
hullo  whenever  I  pass." 

"The  Musgroves,"  June  said.  "I  don't  like  to  think  of  all  that, 
and  I  know  none  of  it  was  necessary." 

Welcome  leaned  back  in  his  chair,  his  gnarled  hands  clasped  above 
his  head,  and  a  puzzled  frown  on  his  face.  "Quien  sabe?"  he 
grunted.  "1  guess  nobody  knows;  I  don't,  though  I'd  like  to.  It's 
a  funny  proposition.  But  somebody  was  hung  all  right,  and  some- 
body died,  and  the  mine  disappeared,  didn't  it  ?  Things  happen  when 
there's  gold  around,  as  Miss  Coon  says." 

"June,"  Mrs.  Downing  corrected,  rather  sharply. 


820  OUT    WEST 

"Yes'm,  June.  But  you  see  I  forget  she's  a  grown  lady.  Mostly 
I  remember  her  as  a  little  kid  in  pants,  throwing  her  rope  at  my 
horse  and  whooping," 

June  blushed  to  the  roots  of  her  hair,  and  Mrs.  Downing  straight- 
ened with  a  gurgle  of  annoyance. 

"I  think  we'd  better  go  in,"  the  mother  declared;  "it's  still  too 
early  in  the  year  to  be  comfortable  out  of  doors.  June,  if  you  want 
to  see  the  pedlar's  books,  now  might  be  a  good  time."  She  stood, 
adjusted  her  shawl,  and,  visibly  annoyed,  left  the  verandah. 

Lu'ke  rose.  "May  I  go,  too  ?"  he  eagerly  inquired.  ''I'm  interested 
in  books,  and  if  you  don't  buy  the  whole  library,  Miss  Downing,  I'd 
like  to  have  a  go  at  some  of  it." 

"Keep  your  shirt  on,"  Welcome  cheerily  advised.  "I'm  the 
librarian.  You  can  have  your  chance  tonight,  and  tomorrow  or  some 
day  soon  maybe  I'll  get  rid  of  the  rest  to  the  prospectors.  By  now, 
I  guess  there's  a  regular  parade  going  along  past  the  Kettleton  trail. 
I  met  one  man  hunting  a  ford ;  said  he  wanted  to  get  across  toward 
Cub,  without  having  to  wade  Liver  Ridge  Creek.  A  slim  man ;  told 
me  to  call  him  Bud.    I  sent  him  back  to  the  ford." 

"Tracey!"  Luke  involuntarily  cried.  His  eyes  happened  to  rest 
on  June's  face,  and  he  stared. 

"Tracey  ?"  she  asked  with  an  odd  catch  in  her  voice.  "Bud  Tracey, 
you  say?    Rob?" 

"Yes,  I  believe  so."  Luke  would  have  given  anything  to  recall 
his  hasty  exclamation ;  yet,  too,  a  jealous  curiosity  urged  him  to 
add,  "An  old  friend  of  yours,  Dow  told  me." 

"A  classmate."  She  turned  away  with  feigned  indifference.  "You 
rather  startled  me.    Does  Dow  know  he  is  here  ?" 

"They  saw  each  other.  They  seem  to  be  enemies.  At  least,  each 
warned  me  against  the  other.  Dow  was  particularly  bitter,"  he 
added,  covertly  watching  her.  "He  told  me  a  long  rigmarole  re- 
garding a  school  feud.  But  if  Dow  was  even  approximately  right, 
I  can't  say  that  I  care  to  know  anything  more  of  Mr.  Bud  Tracey." 
"Did  he  mention  me  ?"  she  asked,  lifting  her  eyes. 
"Oh,  no,"  Luke  lied.  He  dared  not  risk  breaking  the,  new  ac- 
quaintanceship by  telling  the  truth.  "Or  but  indirectly,"  he  hedged. 
"They  both  seem  to  be  naturally  hot-headed  and  vindictive,  and 
rather  aboriginal." 

"Mr.  Tracey  is  a  very  good  man,  everything  considered,"  June 
said ;  "and  he  is  a  friend  of  mine.  He  has  the  misfortune  to  be  the 
son  of  a  man  I — can't  bear  to  think  of.  I  notice — excuse  me  for 
mentioning  it — but  I  notice  that  you  like  to  give  judgments  on  per- 
sons before  you  know  them.  You  are  right  about  Dow,  but  Mr. 
Tracey's  principal  fault,  or  virtue  you  would  call  it,  is  that  he  sees 
too  vividly  the  power  of  gold.  If  Dow  told  you  anything  really  detri- 
mental, except  this,  Dow  lied,  that's  all.  At  least  he  had  no  right  to 
make  it  public,  now  or  then !" 

She  turned  away,  leaving  Luke  quite  idiotic  and  speechless,  and, 
despite  his  abashment,  burning  with  hot  anger  against,  not  Dow,  but 
Tracey;  against  Tracey,  the  lover  of  June  Downing,  and  Luke 
Winne's  rival ! 

Before  June  could  join  Welcome  on  the  verandah  steps,  a  horse 


THE   FABULOUS.  821 

sprang  among  the  pines  and  came  tearing  up  the  slope  through  the 
trees,  regardless  of  the  winding  avenue.  At  the  same  instant  Mrs. 
Downing  appeared  in  the  doorway  and  ran  forward. 

"Mr.  Scammel!"  the  mother  cried,  with  her  hand  at  her  throat. 
"Something  has  happened— June !— what  has  happened  to  Down- 
ing?" 

Scammel  drew  his  foamy  horse  to  its  haunches,  scattering  the 
gravel.    "Winne !"  he  sharply  called.    His  face  was  black  and  low- 
ering, his  mouth  twitched  convulsively,  and  anxiety  lined  his  fore- 
head.   Luke  sprang  down  the  steps  to  meet  him. 
•  "Downing?"  June's  mother  cried  again.    "He  is — " 

"He's  all  right,"  Scammel  snapped.  "He  wasn't  drunk.  Welcome 
talked  through  his  hat,  as  usual ;  ought  to  be  run  out  of  the  country. 
I'll  mix  with  him  some  time.  .  .  .  Winne,  I  want  to  see  you  at 
once."    He  turned  his  mount  away. 

"Not  drunk?"  Mrs.  Downing  persisted  in  wonder.  "But  Smudge 
said—" 

"Smudge  talked  to  save  his  skin.  Dow's  been  a  pretty  sick  man — 
colic — a  bad  dose.  He  asked  the  boy  to  unpack  some  liquor  to  ease 
the  pain,  and  Smudge  stole  a  drink ;  that's  all." 

"Sick!"  Mrs.  Downing  cried.  "But  where  is  he?  Why  haven't 
you  brought  him  here?  Mr.  Winne,  you  must  join  your  friend  at 
once  and  fetch  him  to  the  house.    I'll  have  his  room  prepared." 

Scammel  grunted.  "He's  all  right  now,"  he  said,  more  softly. 
"Don't  worry,  Mrs.  Downing.  I  gave  him  some  liniment ;  that's 
what  kept  me  so  long.  And  he  can't  come  here ;  there  are  men 
poaching  on  our  ground,  and  he  and  Winne  will  have  to  get  there 
as  quickly  as  possible  if  we're  to  do  any  gold-mining  this  summer. 
Dow's  all  right.    It's  just  a  matter  of  business.     Coming,  Winne?" 

He  trotted  his  horse  around  the  house  without  answering  Winne's 
flood  of  queries ;  but  once  out  of  hearing  and  sight  in  the  apple- 
orchard,  he  stopped  and  fairly  fell  from  the  saddle. 

"Quick,  man,  quick !"  he  cried,  catching  Luke  by  the  shoulder. 
"The  map !  That  brat  of  mine  has  stolen  something  from  you.  Is 
it  the  map  ?" 

Luke  blinked,  gasped,  and  clawed  at  his  pocket-book.  "It  was 
here,"  he  said,  trembling  with  a  sudden  nervous  ague,  "in  the  letter. 
I  had  it — he  could  have  taken  it — that's  why  he  sent  me  from  camp !" 

Scammel  snatched  the  envelope  and  tore  it  open.  "Gone !"  he  bel- 
lowed, with  a  foul  oath,  and  dashed  the  envelope  to  the  ground. 

"Gone?"  Luke  echoed  in  dismay. 

"Oh,  you  burro !  you  fool !  Rot  him,  he  wants  three-fourths  of  it ! 
I'll  make  him  go  share  and  share !  He — Oh,  you  idiot !  You  can 
walk  home  and  be  damned !"  A  stream  of  foamy  blasphemy  burst 
from  his  lips,  and  he  cursed  his  son,  himself,  and  Luke  with  ecstatic 
fervor. 

Luke  did  not  heed.  "Gone !"  he  kept  mumbling,  as  he  stared  at 
the  white  envelope.  He  stooped,  picked  it  up,  and  a  slip  of  brown 
paper  fell  out.    Luke  pounced  upon  it  with  a  shout  of  relief. 

"Here's  the  map!"  he  cried,  breaking  into  hysterical  laughter; 
"here's  the  map !    See !    This  is  the  Fabulous !    Dow  got  the  letter !'' 

Scammel  clawed  at  him.  "Let's  see !"  he  fairly  sobbed.  "Thank 
the  Lord !    It's  the  map !    I've  got  the  map !" 

(To  be  continued.) 


822 

ARKANSAW  FLATIl-S  LOVER 

By  CHARLES  LEE  SLEIGHT. 
^T  FIRST  glance  the  Rev.  George  Ward  took  the  pale- 
visaged,  frock-coated  visitor  for  a  brother  clergyman, 
but  when  he  noted  the  sinister  gleam  of  his  eye'  and 
the  upward  curve  of  his  perpetually-sneering  lip,  he 
changed  his  mind, 

"I'm  Bill  Henderson,  your  next-door  neighbor,"  said  the  stranger, 
suavely,  seating  himself  in  the  proffered  chair,  but  ignoring  the 
young  clergyman's  extended  hand. 

Ward  eyed  the  man  with  increased  interest.  So  this  was  Bill 
Henderson,  one  of  the  "bad  men"  of  the  town.  He  had  heard 
much  of  him  during  his  three  weeks'  residence  in  Jasper;  of  the 
deftness  of  those  slim  white  fingers  in  manipulating  a  pack  of 
cards ;  of  the  way  in  which  he  had  fleeced  many  a  miner  out  of  his 
precarious  earnings,  sometimes  by  using  as  a  lure  the  woman  who 
had  lived  with  him,  known  as  Arkansaw  Kate.  As  he  studied 
the  peculiarly  pallid  face  and  the  snake-like  eyes  glinting  beneath 
their  drooping  lids,  he  rejoiced  that  he  had  prevailed  upon  Arkan- 
saw Kate  to  go  back  to  her  husband  and  children. 

"I  understand,"  continued  Henderson,  "that  during  my  absence 
you  have  induced  my — er — fair  housekeeper  to  return  home.  Is 
that  true?    If  so,  may  I  venture  to  ask  why  you  did  it?" 

"Yes,  it's  true,"  replied  Ward,  "and  I  did  it  purely  from  a  sense 
of  duty  and  pity,  to  save  her  from  present  sin  and  future  misery. 
Kate  is  too  fine  a  woman  to  be  lost." 

"Yes,  she's  a  good-looker,  all  right.  Are  you  sure  you  had  no 
other  motive  than  those  mentioned  ?" 

The  suggestive  tone  and  manner  of  the  gambler  brought  the 
hot  blood  to  Ward's  cheek,  and  his  big  brown  eyes  flashed  omi- 
nously. "Man!  if  I  were  not  a  minister!"  he  cried,  his  hand 
unwittingly  leaping  toward  the  table  drawer,  but  before  his  fingers 
touched  the  knob  he  found  himself  gazing  into  the  fore-shortened 
barrel  of  a  leveled  revolver. 

"Being  a  minister  won't  save  you,"  gritted  Henderson,  his  ac- 
centuated sneer  showing  a  gleam  of  white  teeth;  "for,  by  God, 
I'm  going  to  kill  you,  just  as  I'd  shoot  any  other  damned  sneak 
who  entered  my  house  and  robbed  me.  I'll  give  you  just  one 
minute  to  say  your  prayers.  Being  a  minister,  you  won't  need 
much  time  to  prepare  for  the  other  world." 

Unwinkingly  and  without  a  tremor.  Ward  looked  from  the  mur- 
derous weapon  aimed  at  his  heart  to  the  murderous  black  eyes 
that  seemed  to  pierce  to  his  very  soul. 

"I  have  been  told  that  Bill  Henderson  was  brave,"  said  he,  hold- 
ing out  his  hands,  not  in  supplication,  but  simply  to  show  they 


ARKANSAW    KATE'S    LOVER.  823 

were  empty.  "That  he  never  shot  an  unarmed  man  in  cold  blood. 
I  don't  believe  you  can  be  Bill  Henderson." 

"Hell !"  ejaculated  the  other,  lowering  his  revolver,  a  sudden 
gleam  of  admiration  lighting  up  his  face;  "you're  a  brave  man 
yourself." 

The  consuming  passion  for  helping  men  that  had  impelled  Ward 
to  come  West,  and  the  memory  of  his  success  in  saving  Kate, 
prompted  the  clergyman  to  make  an  effort  to  reclaim  this  man. 

"Henderson,"  said  he,  "you  know  at  the  bottom  of  your  heart 
that  I  have  saved  Arkansaw  Kate  from  a  life  of  misery  and  deg- 
radation. You  know  1  did  right.  You  know  that  it  is  cowardly 
and  mean  to  kill  a  defenseless  minister  for  doing  good.  I  am  sure 
that  you  despise  the  brutes  who  jumped  on  the  Saviour  and  crucified 
Him.  Yet  you  are  about  to  do  the  same  thing  to  a  servant  of  that 
Christ.  It  isn't  brave,  it  isn't  fair  and  square,  it  isn't" — he  paused, 
and  noting  the  graceful  pose  and  faultless  attire  of  the  gambler, 
added — "it  isn't  even  gentlemanly." 

Henderson  slowly  returned  his  weapon  to  his  hip  pocket,  and 
with  a  smile  that  momentarily  transfigured  his  face,  quoted :  "Gal- 
ilean, thou  hast  conquered  I"  and  turning  upon  his  heel,  left  the 
house. 

Ward  drew  a  breath  of  relief  and  wiped  the  cold  sweat  from 
his  brow,  for  the  ordeal  had  been  trying.  Pulling  open  the  table 
drawer,  he  glanced  at  the  revolver  which  Kate  had  given  him,  with 
the  significant  words  at  parting:  "You'll  need  it  if  Bill  suspects 
that  you  have  helped  me  away." 

He  had  needed  it,  and,  God  forgive  him!  he  had  been  tempted 
for  a  moment  to  use  it.  He  was  glad  he  had  been  restrained  from 
bloodshed.  Far  better  than  killing  a  bad  man  was  the  helping  him 
to  become  better.  There  was  good  in  Henderson,  after  all.  His 
better  nature  had  been  touched,  and  perhaps  he  could  be  saved,  as 
Kate  had  been. 

The  following  morning,  while  Ward  was  jotting  down  notes 
for  a  sermon  in  which  he  intended  to  show  that  no  man  is  beyond 
reclamation,  he  was  aroused  by  a  sound  next  door  like  the  blow 
of  a  whip,  followed  by  the  scream  of  a  horse,  and  a  volley  of 
oaths  in  Henderson's  voice. 

On  impulse  he  caught  up  his  revolver  and  rushed  out  doors, 
and  saw  a  huge  black  stallion  trying  to  wrench  himself  loose  from 
a  post  to  which  he  was  tied,  while  a  few  feet  away  stood  Henderson 
hastily  winding  a  handkerchief  about  his  left  hand. 

"Bite  me,  will  you,  you  black  devil!"  gritted  the  man  as  he 
knotted  the  bandage  with  his  teeth  and  uninjured  hand. 

Picking  up  his  whip,  he  stepped  deliberately  in  front  of  the 
horse  and  raised  his  arm. 


824  OUT     WEST 

"Stop!  don't  strike  him  again!"  cried  Ward,  springing  forward. 

But  while  he  was  speaking,  the  blow  fell,  and  the  whip  was 
raised  for  a  second  stroke.  Before  it  could  be  given,  however, 
the  maddened  animal  broke  loose  and,  seizing  Henderson  by  the 
coat,  shook  him  to  and  fro  and  hurled  him  heavily  to  the  ground. 
Then  with  a  shrill  scream  he  reared,  and  was  about  to  bring  his 
forefeet  down  upon  his  helpless  master,  when  a  ball  from  Ward's 
revolver  crashed  through  his  brain  and  he  fell  dead. 

Ward  helped  the  other  man  to  his  feet  and  inquired  anxiously, 
"Are  you  hurt  ?" 

For  a  minute  Henderson  clung  to  him  and  made  no  reply,  but 
stared  around  as  if  just  awakened  from  sleep.  When  his  glance 
rested  upon  the  fallen  horse,  a  look  of  comprehension  came  into 
his  face  and  he  turned  to  the  clergyman  and  said,  questioningly, 
"You  killed  him?" 

"Yes,"  replied  Ward.    "It  was  his  life  or  yours." 

An  evil  scowl  darkened  the  gambler's  brow.  "I  loved  him,"  said 
he.  "He  had  the  devil's  own  temper,  but  I  loved  him.  He  was 
the  only  creature  I  did  love,  except  Kate.  You  have  taken  her 
from  me,  and  now  you  have  killed  the  only  friend  I  had  left.  Damn 
you !  I'm  going  to  shoot  you  now  before  you  can  do  me  any  further 
damage !"  and  picking  up  Ward's  own  revolver,  he  slowly  leveled  it. 

The  clergyman  stood  spellbound,  fascinated  by  the  peculiar  glit- 
ter of  the  other's  eyes  that  gleamed  like  diamonds  beneath  their 
drooping  lids. 

Suddenly,  "Cut  it  out.  Bill !"  came  a  sharp  command  from  the 
road,  and  both  men  turned  and  saw  Macpherson,  the  deputy  sheriff, 
on  horseback  watching  them.  "Drop  it,  Bill !  That's  right,"  as 
Henderson,  with  a  muttered  curse,  flung  away  the  weapon  and 
strode  oflf.     "Now,  Elder,  what's  the  row?" 

After  Ward  had  explained  matters,  the  deputy  continued :  "He's 
full  of  dope.  No,  not  drink;  he  takes  some  sort  of  drug,  and  it 
puts  the  devil  in  him.  When  he's  himself  he  would  never  be 
guilty  of  drawing  his  gim  on  a  defenseless  man.  Leave  him  alone. 
He'll  go  off  and  find  Kate,  and  so  the  town  will  be  rid  of  two  bad 
eggs." 

"But  he  doesn't  know  where  she  lives,  and  surely  she'll  never 
go  off  with  him  a  second  time." 

"He'll  find  her  and  get  her,  all  right.  Bill  usually  gets  what  he 
goes  after." 

Ward  shivered  apprehensively,  for  if  he  himself  had  felt  the 
hypnotic,  impelling  power  of  Henderson's  eyes,  he  could  imagine 
what  an  influence -the  man  must  exert  over  a  passionate  woman 
like  Kate,  who  perhaps  still  loved  him. 

He  determined  to  watch  him  closely,  and  if  he  saw  any  indica- 


ARK  AN  SAW     KATE'S     lOVBR.  825 

tions  of  his  leaving  town,  to  follow  him.  For  several  days,  how- 
ever, he  was  unable  to  get  sight  of  the  man  anywhere.  He  seemed 
to  have  dropped  out  of  existence  entirely.  Finally  he  went  to  the 
deputy  sheriff  and  inquired  about  him. 

"Bill?"  said  Macpherson,  with  a  short,  unpleasant  chuckle.  "Oh, 
it's  just  as  I  told  you.  He's  found  out  where  Kate  went  and  has 
followed  her." 

"Where  did  she  go?"  demanded  Ward. 

"I  don't  know.     But  I  can  start  you  on  Bill's  trail,  if  you  like." 

Three  days  later  Ward  had  traced  Henderson  to  a  village  near 
Kate's  home,  and  had  found  out  her  real  name  and  where  she  lived, 
and  early  the  next  morning  he  knocked  at  the  open  door  of  the  forlorn 
little  farmhouse  that  had  been  described  to  him. 

The  person  who  appeared  in  the  doorway  was  evidently  Kate's 
husband,  a  drab-hued  man  with  pale  hair  and  whiskers  and  pale 
blue  eyes. 

"I'm  the  Rev.  George  Ward,  and  I'd  like  to  see  your  wife,"  said 
the  clergyman,  without  any  preliminaries. 

"Oh,  you're  the  preacher  that  sent  Kate  home,"  returned  the 
man,  with  just  a  momentary  gleam  of  curiosity  in  his  hopeless 
eyes.    "We-ell,  she's  gone." 

"What!  again?  with  that  man?"   exclaimed  Ward,  aghast. 

"Yes;  doggone  him!" 

The  expletive  was  drawled  forth  without  a  particle  of  emphasis. 

"When  did  she  go,  and  where?"  asked  Ward. 

"About  sun-up,  I  reckon ;  and  they  took  the  road  over  yonder," 
pointing  toward  the  north.  "I  followed  their  trail  a  ways.  I 
reckon  they  rode  double  at  first,  and  then  Henderson  got  off  and 
walked." 

"Did  he  take  your  horse?" 

"Gosh !  I  wish  he  had !"  exclaimed  the  man,  with  his  first  display 
of  enthusiasm.  "I'd  'a'  got  together  some  of  the  neighbors,  and 
we'd  'a'  pumped  him  full  of  lead.  No,"  with  a  relapse  to  his 
usual  apathy,  "he  just  took  my  wife,  that's  all." 

At  that  moment  two  children  appeared  in  the  doorway.  The 
younger,  a  dear  little  fellow  of  three  years  or  so,  eyed  the  clergy- 
man an  instant  doubtfully,  and  then  trotted  up  to  him  confidingly 
and  held  out  his  arms.  Ward  took  him  up,  and  as  he  felt  the 
warm  little  body  nestling  against  his  breast,  his  eyes'  grew  misty, 
and  he  wondered  how  Kate  could  ever  leave  such  a  helpless  baby 
for  the  sake  of  a  selfish  brute  like  Henderson.  Mother-love  had 
brought  her  home  once ;  perhaps  it  would  do  so  again. 

"Let  me  take  this  boy  and  your  horse  for  a  few  hours,  and  I 
believe  I  can  get  her  back,"  he  said.       "The  child  will  be  safe 


826  OUT     WEST 

enough,  and  this  will  help  pay  for  the  horse  if  anything  happens 
to  him,"  and  he  placed  his  watch  and  chain  in  the  man's  hands. 

At  first  the  man  mildly  demurred,  but  finally  he  apathetically 
consented.  As  Ward  was  riding  away,  he  called  after  him,  "Sa-ay, 
you'd  better  take  my  shot-gun." 

"I  have  a  gun,"  returned  the  clergyman,  grimly  tapping  his 
pocket,  "but  I  hope  1  shall  not  need  it." 

For  some  miles  there  was  little  difficulty  in  tracking  the  fugitives. 
Kate  was  well  known  in  the  neighborhood,  and,  moreover,  she  and 
her  companion  were  both  too  uncommon  in  appearance  to  escape 
notice.  Several  times  Ward  was  held  up  by  suspicious  men  who 
recognized  the  horse  and  child,  but  upon  telling  his  errand  he 
always  received  a  hearty  "God-speed,"  which  he  gratefully  accepted, 
and  an  offer  of  assistance,  which  he  promptly  declined.  One  strap- 
ping young  fellow  who,  from  some  remarks  he  dropped,  had  ap- 
parently been  a  rejected  suitor  of  Kate's,  was  determined  to  ac- 
company him. 

"You've  just  got  to  take  me  along.  Elder,"  said  the  young  man. 
"I  think  a  heap  of  Kate,  and  it's  my  funeral  as  well  as  yours." 

"I  fear  it  would  be  Henderson's  funeral  if  you  went  with  me," 
said  Ward.  "No,  no;  I  don't  want  the  man  killed,  but  the  woman 
saved.     This  baby  will  bring  her  back  without  bloodshed." 

"All  right,"  finally  acquiesced  the  man.  "But  if  in  a  couple  of 
hours  I  don't  see  you  and  her  a-coming  down  that  hill  yonder,  I'll 
follow  you  with  my  rifle." 

About  noon  Ward  stopped  at  a  farmhouse  to  procure  a  drink 
of  milk  for  the  child.  Upon  making  the  usual  inquiry  for  the  two 
fugitives,  he  learned  to  his  dismay  that  no  one  answering  to  his 
description  had  passed  by  that  way,  so  there  was  nothing  to  do 
but  retrace  his  steps.  Some  distance  back  he  discovered  a  lane 
leading  off  from  the  main  road,  and  noticing  fresh  hoof-prints  in 
the  sod,  he  turned  into  it  at  a  venture. 

The  dismounting  to  open  and  close  the  gate  disturbed  the  drowsy 
baby,  and  he  murmured  fretfully,  "I  'ant  my  mamma." 

"Please  God,  we'll  find  her  soon,"  said  Ward,  settling  himself 
again  in  the  saddle,  and  tilting  his  hat  to  shade  the  tousled  little 
head  from  the  sun's  rays. 

The  lanej  led  to  a  thick  grove,  and  he  followed  it  a  little  way 
through  the  trees  until  suddenly  the  neigh  of  a  horse  ahead  brought 
him  to  a  halt.  Slipping  to  the  ground,  he  fastened  his  own  horse 
to  a  sapling,  and  quietly  proceeding  on  foot,  came  to  an  open 
glade,  where  he  saw  Henderson  and  Kate  seated  upon  the  grass, 
eating  a  lunch. 

"Hands  up,  Bill  Henderson!"  he  called,  covering  the  gambler 
with  his  revolver. 


THE   PACK    TRAIN.  827 

Henderson  sprang  to  his  feet  and  promptly  did  as  he  was  ordered. 
Kate  also  arose  and  approached  the  clergyman. 

"Keep  out  of  range!"  warned  Ward,  backing  to  the  spot  where 
Henderson's  horse  was  tied. 

"Give  me  my  baby !"  demanded  Kate.  "Give  him  to  me — quick — 
before  there's  any  shooting!" 

"Get  in  the  saddle  and  I  will,"  said  Ward. 

As  he  passed  the  child  to  her,  the  little  one  half  awoke  and 
murmured,  "I  'ant  my  mamma." 

"You've  got  her,  darling,"  cried  the  mother,  hugging  him  con- 
vulsively, "and  she'll  never  leave  you  again." 

Slipping  her  foot  into  a  stirrup,  and  handing  her  the  rein.  Ward 
gave  the  horse  a  slap  and  sent  him  trotting  down  the  lane.  For 
just  one  second  he  lowered  his  weapon  and  allowed  his  glance  to 
follow  her ;  when  he  turned  again  he  found  himself  looking  straight 
in  the  muzzle  of  Henderson's  revolver. 

"My  turn  now.  This  is  three  times  and  out,"  said  the  gambler 
with  a  sardonic  grin.  "Drop  your  gun !  That's  right.  Now  I'll 
shoot  you,  and  then  I'll  go  and  get  Kate  and  keep  her." 

"She  will  never  go  with  you  again,"  said  the  clergyman  quietly. 
"She  just  said  so." 

"She  did?     That  settles  it  then,  for  Kate  never  lies." 

His  face  worked  convulsively,  and  his  arm  dropped  to  his  side. 
"In  that  case,"  he  began  ;  "in  that  case — I  don't  see — the  use — " 

Suddenly  he  paused,  cried  out  in  a  loud  voice,  almost  a  shriek, 
"Kate!"  and  fell  prone  to  the  ground. 

Ward  rushed  forward  and  worked  over  him  for  some  time 
trying  to  resuscitate  him,  but  his  efforts  were  in  vain.  The  man 
was  dead. 

West  Somerville,  Mass. 


THE  PACK  TRAIN 

By  JESSIE  DAVIES  WILLDY. 

DUSTY  mules,  and  dusty  packs. 
Winding  down  the  mountain  road ; 
Saddles  rubbing  sweating  backs 
Underneath  each  heavy  load. 

Harness  creaking  at  the  straps. 
Buckles  jingling,  sing  a  song, 

Swinging  thro'  the  hilly  gaps 
As  the  pack-train  jogs  along. 

Jangling  down  the  rocky  trails 
To  the  cool,  deep  water-pools ; 

With  necks  outstretched  and  switching  tails. 
Go  the  thirsty  braying  mules. 

Dusty  mules,  and  dusty  packs. 

Winding  down  the  mountain  road; 

Saddles    rubbing   sweating   backs 
Underneath  each  heavy  load. 
Colorado  Springs. 


828 

PIMA  MYTHS 

Bj^  FRANK  RUSSELL 
FTER  a  time  they  began  to  play  kints  again,  and  Yel- 
low Coyote  lost  as  before.  After  he  had  lost  all  his 
property  he  wagered  his  body  and  soul,  which  Sandy 
Coyote  won.  Then  the  latter  killed  him  and  ate  his 
flesh.  Yellow  Coyote's  wife  was  pregnant  at  that  time 
and  later  gave  birth  to  a  boy.  When  this  boy  was  about  nine  years 
old  he  went  out  one  day  and  met  Sandy  Coyote,  who  was  bringing 
in  a  deer  on  his  shoulders.  A  piece  of  the  deer  fat  fell,  and  the  boy 
picked  it  up,  concealing  it  in  his  armpit.  Sandy  Coyote  asked  him  if 
he  had  seen  anything  of  the  fat,  but  the  boy  said  he  had  not.  Sandy 
Coyote  searched  him  and  found  the  fat,  which  vexed  him  so  that  he 
thought  to  treat  the  lad  as  he  had  his  father.  "Let  us  play  kints  to- 
gether," said  he.  The  boy  told  his  mother  about  it,  and  she  cautioned 
him  not  to  gamble,  as  that  was  the  cause  of  his  father's  death.  For 
fear  that  he  might  do  so  she  took  him  that  night  away  toward  the 
east.  It  was  raining,  but  she  carried  fire  with  her  in  a  small  olla. 
She  took  up  her  residence  in  the  Superstition  mountains,  where  they 
lived  upon  herbs  and  grass  seed.  One  day  while  the  mother  was 
away  gathering  seed  the  boy  killed  a  bird  with  his  little  bow  and 
arrows.  When  she  returned  he  declared  that  he  had  killed  a  bird, 
but  she  would  not  believe  that  he  had  done  it.  But  they  buried  the 
bird  in  the  ashes  and  ate  it.  After  that  the  boy  killed  many  birds, 
rats,  cottontails,  and  large  hares.  From  time  to  time  his  mother  made 
larger  arrows  and  a  heavier  bow  for  him.  One  day  he  came  runnmg 
to  his  mother  asking  for  a  yet  larger  bow  that  he  might  kill  a  mule 
deer.  She  told  him  that  only  a  grown  man  and  not  even  he  single- 
handed  could  kill  a  mule  deer.  But  he  insisted,  saying  that  he  could 
kill  it.  So  she  made  the  large  bow,  and  he  went  away  with  it.  When 
he  reached  the  place  where  the  deer  was  and  was  creeping  close  upon 
it  a  soft  whistle  reached  his  ear.  He  looked  around  and  saw  Moun- 
tain Lion  coming  toward  him.  When  Mountain  Lion  came  up  he 
said,  "Wait  here  and  I  will  kill  the  deer  for  you."  He  was  as  good 
as  his  word  and  brought  the  deer  and  also  gave  the  boy  his  bow, 
arrows,  quiver,  and  clothing,  at  the  same  time  telling  him  not  to 
let  his  mother  know  who  had  killed  the  deer,  but  to  tell  her  that  a 
man  had  given  him  the  other  things.  The  mother  went  with  the 
boy  and  tried  to  find  a  track,  but  she  could  find  nothing.  After  that 
the  boy  killed  plenty  of  deer.  One  day  he  shot  a  deer  which  escaped 
with  an  arrow  in  him. 

One  day  as  Vulture  was  returning  to  his  home  near  Maricopa  he 
saw  a  dead  deer  with  a  strange  arrow  in  it.  He  took  both  deer's 
meat  and  arrow  home  with  him  and  showed  it  to  the  people  who 


,PIMA     MYTHS  829 

gathered  according  to  their  custom  about  him.  He  asked  whose 
arrow  it  was,  but  no  one  could  tell  him.  Sandy  Coyote  was  in  the 
company  and  recognized  the  arrow,  but  was  too  much  ashamed  to 
speak.  Then  Vulture  said,  "I  think  I  know  the  arrow.  I  have  heard 
of  a  boy  living  in  the  west  who  was  ill-treated,  so  that  he  and  his 
mother  were  driven  away  to  the  mountains.  I  think  they  must  have 
found  a  home  somewhere  in  this  country,  for  this  is  his  arrow." 

Sandy  Coyote  admitted  that  it  was  his  son's  (nephew's)  arrow. 
"Give  it  to  me,  and  I  will  some  day  go  there  and  give  it  to  him,"  he 
said.  The  next  day  Sandy  Coyote  searched  for  and  found  his 
brother's  widow  and  her  son.  When  he  reached  their  house  he  went 
in  and  saw  them  eating  a  dish  of  meat.  "Here,  take  your  arrow," 
said  he.  "You  shot  a  deer,  which  carried  it  away  and  your  father's 
brother  found  it,  brought  it  to  his  home,  and  inquired  whose  it  was. 
At  last  they  said  it  was  yours,  so  I  bring  it  to  you."  The  boy  said 
nothing,  but  took  the  arrow  and  put  it  away.  After  the  boy  and  his 
mother  were  through  eating  they  put  away  the  remaining  food  with- 
out a  word. 

Sandy  Coyote  turned  to  leave,  making  an  attempt  to  whistle  to 
show  his  indifference  to  the  coldness  manifested  toward  him,  but  he 
only  succeeded  in  shedding  tears.  "What  is  the  matter  with  you  that 
you  cry  so  ?"  said  the  boy ;  "when  I  was  younger  and  lived  with  you, 
you  never  gave  me  meat,  but  I  did  not  cry." 

A  long  time  after  that  the  woman  said  to  her  son,  "I  am  going 
home  to  my  own  people,  where  I  may  get  something  to  bring  to  you, 
and  then  you  may  go  and  play  kints  with  Sandy  Coyote,  who  killed 
your  father ;  I  think  you  are  clever  enough  to  beat  him  now."  For 
many  days  he  waited  for  his  mother  to  return,  and  at  last  he  went 
after  her.  On  the  way  he  saw  two  attractive  girls  approaching  him. 
Turning  aside,  he  lay  down  beside  the  trail  and  began  to  sing  a 
pleasing  song  just  after  the  girls  had  passed  him.  Surprised  at  hear- 
ing a  voice  behind  them,  they  looked  back  to  see  whence  it  came,  but 
could  find  no  one.  They  saw  nothing  except  a  dead  body  that  was 
well  advanced  with  decay.  When  they  started  on  they  heard  the 
singing  again,  but  when  they  renewed  the  search  they  could  find  no 
living  person.  The  younger  said,  "It  must  be  this  decaying  corpse 
that  is  singing." 

"Let  us  go,"  said  the  elder;  but  the  younger  refused,  saying,  "I 
am  going  to  take  that  dead  body,  for  I  can  see  it  winking."  So  she 
took  it  to  her  home  and  left  it  while  she  went  to  gather  grass  seed. 
Soon  the  younger  girl  wanted  to  return  to  the  house. 

"You  want  to  go  back  to  that  putrid  corpse,"  said  the  elder;  "you 
crazy  thing !" 

"Well,  I  am  going;  and  if  you  are  going  to  stay  here,  stay  as  long 
as  you  like."    So  the  younger  woman  got  ready  to  go  home,  but  the 


830  OUT    WEST' 

other  also  got  ready  and  accompanied  her.  When  they  reached  the 
house  the  younger  went  in  and  found  a  handsome  young  man,  to 
whom  she  went  without  a  word.  The  elder  girl  called  her  several 
times,  asking  her  to  come  and  help  cook  some  food.  At  last  the 
elder  girl  came  and  discovered  the  young  man,  and  she  also  came  to 
him.  But  the  younger  said,  "You  scolded  me  for  bringing  him  here ; 
now  you  may  go  out  and  leave  him  to  me." 

Finally  the  young  man  said,  "Go  out,  both  of  you,  and  cook  some- 
thing for  me  to  eat ;  I  am  hungry."  So  they  both  went  to  do  as  he 
wished.  The  next  day  the  husband  of  the  two  young  women  came 
home,  and  was  very  angry  at  finding  the  young  man  there. 

"Put  up  one  of  your  wives,"  said  he,  "and  we  will  have  a  game." 

The  young  man  said,  "I  have  nothing  to  wager."  But  the  hus- 
band replied,  "Put  up  one  of  your  wives."  Then  the  young  man 
said,  "You  must  put  up  your  shirt."  And  it  was  the  turn  of  the  hus- 
band to  reply,  "I  have  no  shirt." 

"Yes,  you  have." 

"No,  this  is  my  skin,"  he  answered,  scratching  his  breast  until  the 
blood  came. 

"It  is  not  your  skin ;  it  is  your  shirt.  If  you  do  not  believe  me,  I 
will  take  it  off  you  and  then  I  shall  win  the  wager  from  you."  "I 
agree,"  said  the  other.  So  the  young  man  took  the  husband  of  the 
women  up  by  the  hands  and  shook  him,  and  he  dropped  dead  out 
of  his  skin. 

At  this  time  the  young  man's  mother  came,  and  they  took  the  two 
young  women  with  them  to  their  home.  Soon  he  went  to  play 
kints  with  Sandy  Coyote,  taking  with  him  beads,  deerskins,  and  other 
things  to  wager.    As  he  journeyed  he  sang : 

Vasohona,  vasohona,  aikinynamuginu  yangai  ku-uli. 

Vasohona-a,  vasohona. 
Over  there,  over  there,  you  pay  me  my  father  old. 

Over  there,  over  there. 

As  he  went  along  he  took  some  white  stones,  which  he  made  to 
resemble  white  birds'  eggs.  These  he  put  in  a  little  nest  which  he 
made.  When  he  reached  his  uncle's  house  he  told  Sandy  Coyote  that 
he  had  come  to  play  kints  with  him.  They  got  ready  to  play  and  put 
up  their  wagers,  but  the  young  man  said,  "It  is  about  time  the  birds 
laid  their  eggs." 

"No,"  said  Sandy  Coyote,  "it  will  be  two  or  three  months  from 
now  before  they  begin  to  build  their  nests." 

"As  I  came  along  I  saw  that  the  dove  had  already  laid  her  eggs." 

"No ;  you  are  lying  to  me." 

Then  the  young  man  said,  "Well,  if  I  go  and  bring  those  eggs  to 
you  and  show  you  that  I  was  telling  the  truth  I  shall  win  our  wager, 
if  I  do  not  bring  them  you  shall  win."    So  the  young  man  went  out 


PIMA    MYTHS  831 

and  brought  the  eggs.  After  the  wager  had  been  paid  they  prepared 
for  another  game  and  another  wager  was  laid.  When  they  were 
ready  the  young  man  cut  his  toe-nail  and  threw  it  into  the  west, 
where  it  hung,  looking  like  the  rim  of  the  new  moon. 

"Look  at  the  moon  there  in  the  west,"  said  he. 

"No ;  we  are  having  a  full  moon  now,"  said  Sandy  Coyote,  "it  is 
in  the  east;  you  are  lying  to  me.  How  could  the  full  moon  be  in 
the  west  in  the  evening  ?" 

"Well,  suppose  you  look.  If  you  find  any  moon  you  shall  pay  me 
the, wager,  and  if  you  do  not  then  I  shall  pay  you."  So  Sandy 
Coyote  looked  and  saw  the  supposed  moon  and  came  back  and  said, 
"You  win." 

Again  and  again  they  played  and  again  and  again  the  young  man 
won. 

When  they  were  ready  to  play  kints  Sandy  Coyote  said,  "Sit  there ; 
it  is  your  father's  place." 

But  the  young  man  answered,  "No ;  I  shall  sit  here  and  you  may 
sit  there.  If  you  wish  me  to  sit  there  you  must  carry  me  there.  If 
you  can  carry  me  there  you  will  win  all  we  have  wagered  this  game ; 
if  you  cannot,  then  I  shall  win." 

So  Sandy  Coyote  thought  he  could  do  it  easily,  and  took  hold  of 
the  young  man  to  carry  him  to  the  other  side,  but  he  found  the  man 
so  heavy  that  he  could  not  move  him.  So  Sandy  Coyote  lost  again, 
and  was  compelled  to  admit  that  he  had  lost  all  that  he  had.  The 
young  man  said  he  would  like  to  have  Sandy  Coyote  wager  himself, 
if  he  had  nothing  else,  and  the  other  agreed  to  this. 

When  they  were  ready  to  throw  the  kints  the  young  man  said, 
"Your  cane  is  looking  at  me  very  sharply;  I  would  like  to  have  it 
turned  the  other  way." 

Sandy  Coyote  replied,  "No  one  can  move  it  in  any  way.  I  cannot, 
nor  can  you." 

"Well,  suppose  I  pull  it  out  and  turn  it  the  other  way,  then  I  shall 
win  the  wager ;  and  if  I  cannot,  then  you  shall  win." 

The  other  agreed ;  so  he  got  up  and  moved  the  cane  around  as  he 
wished,  thus  winning  the  final  wager.  Then  the  young  man  grasped 
Sandy  Coyote  by  the  hair  and  shook  him  until  he  dropped  down 
dead.    Taking  all  that  he  had  won,  the  young  man  went  home. 

After  a  time  his  mother  said  she  would  like  to  go  where  her 
people  were  living.  After  some  preparation  they  started  on  their 
journey.  At  the  end  of  the  first  day  they  camped.  During  the  night 
the  mother  turned  herself  into  a  gray  spider.  The  second  day  they 
went  on  again  and  camped  in  the  evening.  That  night  the  elder 
wife  turned  herself  into  a  black  spider.  At  the  end  of  the  next  day's 
journey  they  camped  again,  and  that  night  the  remaining  wife  turned 
herself  into  a  yellow  spider.     The  young  man  was  left  alone  the 


832  OUT     WEST 

next  day,  but  he  hoped  to  reach  his  mother's  people,  and  so  journeyed 
on  until  nightfall,  when  he  camped.  During  the  night  he  turned 
himself  into  a  rough  black  lizard. 

Even  to  this  day  Coyote  is  known  as  the  wise  one.  It  is  danger- 
ous to  kill  or  harm  him,  for  he  will  avenge  himself  by  stealing  or 
doing  worse  mischief.  He  knows  well  the  house  of  the  one  who 
tries  to  injure  him,  no  matter  where  the  deed  may  have  been  per- 
formed. And  yet  he  is  not  always  unfriendly,  for  if  he  is  heard  to 
cry  out  as  if  jumping  it  is  a  warning  that  the  Apaches  are  near  and 
danger  menaces. 

CHILDREN  OF  CLOUD. 

When  the  Hohokam  dwelt  on  the  Gila  and  tilled  their  farms  about 
the  Great  Temple  that  we  call  Casa  Grande,  there  was  chagrin 
among  the  young  men  of  that  people,  for  the  prettiest  woman  would 
not  receive  their  attentions.  She  would  accept  no  man  as  her  hus- 
band, but  Cloud  came  out  of  the  east  and  saw  her  and  determined 
to  marry  her.  The  maiden  was  a  skillful  mat-maker,  and  one  day 
she  fell  asleep  when  fatigued  at  her  labor.  Then  Cloud  sailed 
through  the  skies  above  and  one  large  rain  drop  fell  upon  her; 
immediately  twin  boys  were  born. 

Now  all  the  men  of  the  pueblo  claimed  to  be  the  father  of  these 
children.  After  enduring  their  clamors  for  a  long  time,  the  woman 
told  her  people  to  gather  in  a  council  circle.  When  they  had  come, 
she  placed  the  children  within  the  circle  and  said,  "If  they  go  to 
anyone  it  will  prove  that  he  is  their  father."  The  babies  crawled 
about  within  the  circle,  but  climbed  the  knees  of  no  one  of  them. 
And  so  it  was  that  the  woman  silenced  them,  saying,  "I  wish  to  hear 
no  one  of  you  say,  'These  are  my  children,'  for  they  are  not." 

When  the  boys  had  reached  the  age  of  10,  they  noticed  that  their 
comrades  had  fathers  and  they  inquired  of  their  mother,  "Who  can 
we  call  father?  Who  can  we  run  to  as  he  returns  from  the  hunt 
and  from  war  and  call  to  as  do  our  playmates?" 

And  the  mother  answered:  "In  the  morning  look  toward  the 
east  and  you  will  see  White  Cloud  standing  vertically,  towering 
heavenward;  he  is  your  father." 

"Can  we  visit  our  father?"  they  inquired. 

"If  you  wish  to  see  him,  my  children,  you  may  go,  but  you  must 
journey  without  stopping.  You  will  first  reach  Wind,  who  is  your 
father's  elder  brother,  and  behind  him  you  will  find  your  father." 

They  traveled  for  four  days  and  came  to  the  home  of  Wind. 
"Are  you  our  father?"  they  inquired. 

"No;  I  am  your  uncle.  Your  father  lives  in  the  next  house; 
go  on  to  him."  They  went  to  Cloud,  but  he  drove  them  back,  say- 
ing, "Go  to  your  uncle  and  "he  will  tell  you  something."  Again  the 
uncle  sent  them  to  the  father,  and  four  times  they  were  turned  away 


PIMA     MYTHS  833 

from  the  home  of  each  before  their  father  would  acknowledge  them. 

"Show  me  that  you  are  my  children,"  said  he;  "if  you  are,  you 
can  do  as  I  do."  Then  the  younger  sent  the  chain  lightning  with 
its  noisy  peal  across  the  sky.  The  older  sent  the  heat  lightning  with 
its  distant  diapason  tones.  "You  are  my  children,"  exclaimed 
Cloud;  "you  have  power  like  unto  mine."  As  a  further  test  he 
placed  them  in  a  house  near  by  where  a  flood  of  rain  had  drowned 
the  inmates.  "If  they  are  mortals,"  thought  he,  "they  will  be 
drowned  like  the  others."  Unharmed  by  the  waters  about  them,  the 
children  demonstrated  their  power  to  survive,  and  Cloud  then  took 
them  to  his  home,  where  they  remained  a  long  time. 

When  they  longed  to  see  their  mother  again.  Cloud  made  a  bow 
and  some  arrows  different  from  any  that  they  had  ever  known, 
and  gave  to  them.  He  told  them  that  he  would  watch  over  them 
as  they  journeyed,  and  admonished  them  against  speaking  to  any- 
one that  they  might  meet  on  the  way.  As  the  boys  were  traveling 
toward  the  westward,  they  saw  Raven  coming  toward  them,  but  they 
remembered  their  father's  injunction  against  speaking,  and  turned 
aside  so  as  not  to  meet  him.  They  also  turned  aside  to  escape 
ineeting  Roadrunner,  Hawk,  and  Eagle.  Eagle  said,  "Let's  scare 
those  children."  So  he  swooped  down  over  their  heads,  causing 
the  boys  to  cry  from  fright.  "Oh,  we  just  wanted  to  tease  you, 
that's  all ;  we  don't  mean  to  do  you  any  harm,"  said  Eagle. 

Thus  they  journeyed  on  until  they  met  Coyote.  They  tried  to 
turn  aside  in  order  to  avoid  him,  but  he  ran  around  and  put  himself 
in  their  way.  Cloud  saw  their  predicament  and  sent  down  thunder 
an.!  lightning,  and  the  boys  by  their  magic  power  added  to  the 
bolts  that  flashed  before  the  eyes  of  Coyote  until  he  turned  and  fled. 

It  was  on  the  mountain  top  that  the  boys  were  halted  by  Coyote, 
and  one  stood  on  each  side  of  the  trail  at  the  moment  when  they 
were  transformed  into  the  largest  mescal  that  was  ever  known. 
The  place  was  near  Tucson. 

This  is  the  reason  why  mescal  yet  grows  on  the  mountains  and 
why  the  thunder  and  lightning  go  from  place  to  place — because 
the  children  did.     This  is  why  it  rains  when  we  go  to  gather  mescal. 

SKULL  AND  HIS   MAGIC. 

Once  there  was  a  pretty  girl  who  was  unwilling  to  marry  any- 
one. All  the  young  men  brought  presents  of  game  to  her  parents, 
but  none  found  favor  in  the  eyes  of  the  critical  maiden.  At  last, 
to  the  surprise  of  neighbors  and  kinsmen,  she  chose  for  her  hus- 
band one  who  was  a  man  by  night  and  a  skull  by  day.  Then  all 
laughed  at  the  marriage,  saying,  "One  man  in  this  valley  has  a 
bone  for  a  son-in-law." 

One  morning  the  crier  of  the  village  made  this  proclamation : 


834  OUT    WEST 

"Today  we  hunt  deer  in  the  mountains  to  the  northward!"  Skull 
went  ahead  of  the  party  and  hid  in  a  defile  in  the  mountains.  When 
the  hunters  came  driving  the  game  before  them  the  deer  all  fell 
dead  at  the  sight  of  gruesome  Skull;  so  the  people  had  an  abund- 
ance of  venison  without  the  trouble  of  trailing  and  killing.  Thus 
it  was  that  Skull  rose  in  their  regard  and  ridicule  was  no  longer 
heaped  upon  him. 

The  next  day  had  been  appointed  for  the  foot  race  in  which  the 
runners  would  kick  the  ball.  Skull  entered  as  one  of  the  contest- 
ants, though  his  neighbors  laughed  and  said,  "How  can  one  ball 
manage  another?"  But  when  he  reached  the  goal  a  winner,  the 
last  voice  of  contumely  was  silenced. 

ORIGIN   OF  tS.-S,  HORSE. 

Two  brothers  who  lived  apart  from  their  kinsfolk  were  skilled 
deer  hunters.  Day  by  day  they  followed  the  deer  and  antelope, 
and  when  their  chase  was  successful  they  carried  the  game  home 
on  their  shoulders.  This  was  heavy  work,  and  at  last  the  elder,  in 
the  goodness  of  his  heart,  took  pity  on  his  younger  brother,  saying: 
"You  must  help  me  to  carry  out  my  plans  and  I  shall  become  trans- 
formed into  something  that  will  be  useful  to  you.  vShoot  an  arrow 
through  my  body  from  front  to  back,  and  another  from  side  to 
side;  cut  me  transversely  into  four  pieces  and  throw  them  into  the 
water.  In  four  days  you  may  come  back  and  see  what  has  hap- 
pened." 

When  the  younger  man,  sorrowing  and  wondering,  had  obeyed, 
he  returned  to  find  four  strange  animals  which  we  now  call  horses, 
two  males  and  two  females,  colored  black,  white,  bay,  and  yellow 
or  "buckskin."  He  was  not  frightened,  for  his  brother  had  given 
him  warning,  and  he  had  provided  himself  with  a  rope,  which  he 
tied  around  the  neck  of  one  of  the  horses,  took  a  half  hitch  in  its 
mouth,  and  rode  it  home,  driving  the  others. 

Thereafter  horses  multiplied  in  Pimeria  and  in  time  all  were 
provided  with  mounts,  though  had  it  not  been  for  the  sacrifice  of 
the  good  brother  we  should  never  have  had  any. 

ANOTHER  VERSION. 

At  the  time  when  Rsarsukatc  A-atam  confined  the  game  animals 
in  the  cave  at  Aloam  mountain,  our  people  were  living  between 
Casa  Grande  and  Tucson.  Among  them  were  two  unhappy  brothers, 
one  blind  and  the  other  lame.  One  day  as  the  elder  was  lamenting, 
crying,  "Why  am  I  lame?"  and  the  other  was  crying,  "Why  am  I 
blind?"  they  suddenly  heard  a  peal  of  thunder  and  a  voice  said, 
"Take  care!  Take  care!"  At  this  they  were  frightened,  and  the 
younger  opened  his  eyes  to  see  and  the  elder  sprang  to  his  feet 
and  walked. 

Then  they  went  to  hunt  for  game,  but  the  Rsarsiikatc  A-atam 
had  cleared  the  ranges  of  every  living  thing  that  could  supply  the 
Pimas  with  food,  so  that  the  brothers  wandered  over  mountain  and 
mesa  without  success  until  they  were  gaunt  with  hunger.  Then  the 
elder  told  his  brother  that  he  would  die  for  the  latter's  sake  and 
that  after  a  time  the  younger  brother  should  return  to  see  what 
had  been  the  result  of  his  sacrifice.  When  the  young  man  returned 
he  found  two  horses,  a  male  and  a  female. 


The  Relation  of 

A  Piano   to 

the  Home 


In  providing  a  piano  for  the"  home, 
we  encourage  the  cultivation  of  the 
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good  music  on  proper  character  build- 
ing is  as  certain  in  its  results  as  we 
are  all  certain  that  music  is  pleasant 
to  hear. 


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California  Industries 


Eucalyptus  growing  as  a  commercial  proposition  is  occupying  the  attention 
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There  is  no  question  that  Eucalyptus  culture  will  solve  the  question  of  the 
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Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    116-118  E.  Second. 


Magazine  Clubs  for  1910 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Cosmopolitan     1-00 

American    1-50 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

American 1.50 

Good   Housekeeping    1.25 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.25 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

American    1.50 

Success 1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Good   Housekeeping    1.25 

Cosmopolitan    ■  .^.  .    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.75 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Cosmopolitan     1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Country    Life    4.00 

Outing '.  .    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $5.50;  value  $8.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Country    Life    4.00 

Leslie's  Weekly    5.00 


OUR  PRICE  $6.00;  value  $10.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Delineator    1.00 

Everybody's     1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $3.05;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Designer 1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Hampton's  Magazine    ....    1.50 
Woman's  Home  Comp'n..    1.50 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

National    Magazine    1.50 

Great  Southwest    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.50  ]    OUR  PRICE  $2.60;  value  $4.00 


OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Harper's   Magazine    4.00 

Good.  Housekeeping    1.-25 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Outing    3.00 

National   Magazine    1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $5.20;  value  $6.75  \     OUR  PRICE  $4.45;  value  $6.00 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Harper's  Magazine    4.00 

World   To-Day    1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $5.20;  value  $7.00 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Human    Life    1.00 

National  Magazine    1.50 


OUT  WEST $1.50 

Outing    3.00 

Sunset     1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $2.85;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Human    Life    1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.65;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Independent'    2.00 

Review  of  Reviews 3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Outing     3.00 

National  Sportsman    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Pearson's   Magazine    1.50 

Outing    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.55;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Pearson's  Magazine    1.50 

Scribner's    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $6.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Independent     2.00 

Success    - 1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.25;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

McClure's     1.50 

Review   of   Reviews 3.'00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.30;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Forest  and  Stream    3.00 

National   Sportsman  ■ 1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

McClure's     1.50 

Woman's  Home  Comp'n..    1.25 


OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.25 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

National   Sportsman    1.00 

Great  Southwest    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Forest  and  Stream    3.00 

Outing    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.45:  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

National   Sportsman    1.00 

Outdoor  Life    1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $5.50;  value  $7.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Good   Housekeeping    1.25 

Suburban    Life    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.05;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

National  Sportsman    1.00 

Sunset     1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $5.75 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Hampton's   Magazine    ....    1.50 
Review  of  Reviews 3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.60;  value  $6.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.80;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

National   Magazine    1.50 

Designer    1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.20;  value  $5.00 


OUR    PRICE  $4.80;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Pearson's   Magazine    1.50 

Sunset    1.50 


OUR  PRICE   $3.05;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Sunset    1.50 

American    1.50 


OUR    PRICE  $2.75;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Sunset .    1.50 

Woman's  Home  Comp'n..    1.25 


OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.25 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Sunset    1.50 

World   To-Day    1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $3.10;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

World's    Work    3.00 

Delineator    1.00 


OUR  PRICE   $3.55;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

World's    Work    3.00 

Everybody's     1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $3.50;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

World   To-Day    1.50 

Hampton's    1.50 


OUR  PRICE   $3.00;  value  $4.50 


AVrite  for  prices  on   any  nia^itxine  or  olub. 

Established  agents  ihal^  take  ortlers  for  any  of  these  elubs  at  the  above  priees,  and  retain 
the  regular  coinnilssion.  Anyone  desiring  to  become  an  agent  may  do  so  by  sending  two 
orders  with  first  remittance. 

PACIFIC  SUBSCRIPTION  COMPANY 

315  Mason  Opera  House  Bldg.  Los  Angeles,  California 


MAGAZINE  BARGAINS 


We  Have  made  a   select  list    for    I9lO  —  ORDEIV.  NO>V,    as   many   pviblisHers 
■will   soon    increase  tKeir   subscription    price. 


OUT  WEST  and 


Total 

Value  Cost 

Ainslee's    Magazine    ?3.30  for  $2.05 

American    Boy     2.50  "  1.95 

American    Farm    Review 1.75  "  1.50 

American    Homes    &    Gardens.  .  4.50  "  '  3.80 

American   Home   Monthly    2.50  "  1.80 

American    Magazine    3.00  "  2.00^ 

American    Photography    3.00  "  2.30 

American  Poultry  Advocate   .  .  .  2.00  "  1.55 

American    Poultry    Journal     .  .  .  2.00  "  l.«0 

American   Thresherman    2.50  "  1.80 

Argonaut 5.-50  "  4.45 

Atlantic    Monthly     5.50  "  4.80 

Black   Cat    2.50  "  1.00 

■  Blue    Book    3.00  "  2.55 

Bohemian     3.00  "  2.30 

BooK-keeper    .• 2.50  ■'  l.»5 

Bookman     4.00  "  3.40 

Breeder'.s    Gazette    3.25  "  2.20 

Burr   Mcintosh    Monthly    4.50  "  3.55 

California    Cultivator 2.50  "  2.05 

Cassier's    Magazine    4.50  "'  3.80 

Century   Magazine    5.50  "  4.90 

Children's   Magazine    2.50  "  1.95 

Christian    Herald    (N.    Y.) 3.00  "  2.30 

Commoner     2.50  "  1.80 

Cosmopolitan     2.50  "  2.00 

Country   Ljfe   In   America 5.50  "  4.30 

Craftsman    4.50  "  3.55 

Current    Literature    4.50  3.55 

Delineator     2.50  ■'  2.20 

Designer    -. 2.25  "  1.80 

Dressmaking  at  Home 2.50  '"  1.05 

Educational    Foundations 2.75  "  2.30 

Electric  Railway  Journal    4.50       "  4.00 

Electrical    World    4.50  "  4.00 

Engineering    News     6.50  '"  «.05 

Engineering   Record    4.50  "  4.00 

Etude    (for    music    lovers)     .  .  .  ;  3.00  "  2.4."» 

Everybody's 3.00  '  2.40 

Fanciers'   Monthly    2.25  '  1.80 

Farm   and   Ranch 2.50  "  2.«5 

Farm   Journal    (5   years) 2.50  "  1.05 

Farm    Poultry    2.00  "  1.55 

Field   and   Stream 3.00  "  2.30 

Forest  and  Stream 4.50  "  3.25 

Forum     .  .  .  .  ; 3.50  "  2.00 

Game   Fanciers'    Journal    2.00  "  1.55 

(Jarden  Magazine    2.50  "  2.00 

Gentlewoman    1.70  "  1.50 

Good    Housekeeping    2.75  •  2AH) 

Good   Literature    1.85  "  1.50 

Gmphic     4.00  '  3.40 

Great  Southwest 2.50  "  1.70 

Green's   Fruit   Grower    2.00  "  I..'t5 

Green   Book    Album    3.00  ■  2..'5 

Grizzly    Bear    : 2.50  "  1,05 

Gunter's   Magazine    3.00  "  2-50 

Hampton's  Magazine 3.00  "  2.30 

Harper's  Bazar    2.50  "  1.85 

Harper's    Magazine    5.50  "  4.80 

Harper's   Weekly    5.50  "  4.80 

Health    2.50  "  1.80 

Health  Culture  .Magazine 2.50  ■"  1.05 

Holland's    Magazine     2.50  "■  2.05 

Home  Needlework    2.25  •"  1.00 

House  and  Garden    4.50  "  3.55 

House  Beautiful    4.00  "  3.60 

Housewife     1.85  "  1.50 « 

Human   Life 2.50  "  1.05 

Hunter-Trader-Trapper     2.50  "  2.05 

Independent  . 4.50  "  3.30 

Inland  Poultry  Journal 2.00  "  1,55 

Jeffersonian  (weeklv)    2.50  "  1.05 

■ludge 6.50  "  5.H0 


OUT  WEST  and  :^«JSL 

Ladies'    World    2.00 

Leslie's  Weekly    ., 6.50 

Life    6.50 

Lippincott's  Magazine 4.00 

Little    Folks    (Salem)    new 2.50 

McCall's  Mag.   and   Pattern....  2.00 

McClure's    Magazine    3.00 

Magazine  of  Mysteries   2.50 

Metropolitan  and  Rural   Home.  1.70 

Metropolitan  Magazine 3.00 

Modern  Priscilla   2.25 

Motor    Boat 3.50 

Musician    3.00 

National  Home  Journal 2.00 

National  Magazine 3.00 

National    Sportsman    2.50 

New  England  Homestead 2.50 

New  England  Magazine 3.00 

New  Idea   (N.  Y.)   fashions 2.00 

Normal    Instructor 2.25 

North  American  Review 5.50 

Orange  Judd  Farmer 2.50 

Outdoor   Life    3.00 

Outing  Magazine 4.50 

Outlook    4.50 

Overland  Monthly 3.00 

Pacific    Monthly    3.00 

Pearson's  Magazine 3.00 

People's  Home  Journal 1.85 

Petaluma  Weekly  Poultry  J'rn'l  2.50 

Pet  Stock  Magazine 2.00 

Photo    Era    3.00 

Physical  Culture ' 2.50 

Pictorial  Review  and  pattern.  .  .  2.50 

Popular  Science  Monthly 2.50 

Poultry  Culture 2.00 

Poultry   Herald    2.00 

Poultry  Keeper 2.00 

Poultry    Success    2.00 

Primary    Plans    2.50 

Puck    6.50 

Putnam's  Magazine 4.50 

Recreation   4.50 

Red  Book 3.00 

Reliable  Poultry  Journal 2.00 

Review  of  Reviews 4.50 

School    Journal    2.50 

Scientific  American    4.50 

Scribner's   Magazine    4.00 

Short   Stories    3.00 

Smart    Set     4.50 

Smith's  Magazine   3.00 

Southern    Cultivator    2.50 

St.   Nicholas    4.50 

Strand    Magazine    3.00 

Suburban  Life   4.50 

Success     2.50 

Sunset   Magazine    3.00 

Teacher's  Magazine   2.50 

Technical  World  Magazine   ....  3.00 

Tlieatre   Magazine    5.00 

Toilettes    3.50 

Travel    Magazine    3.00 

Van   Norden   Magazine 3.00 

Vogue    5.50 

Watson's    Jeflfersonian 2.50 

West  Coast  Magazine   2^50 

Whist 2.50 

Woman's   Home  Companion....  3.00 

Woman's  National  Daily   2.50 

World    To-Day    ., 3.00 

World's   Chronicle    : 3.00 

World's  ^^ork    4.50 

Voung's   Magazine    3.00 


Cost 
1.65 
4.00 
5.55 
3.05 
2.10 
1.60 
2.45 
1.90 
1.50 
1.95 
1.80 
2.90 
2.30 
1.60 
2.20 
2.05 
2.05 
2.65 
1.65 
1.75 
4.50 
2.05 
2.30 
3.55 
3.80 
2.30 
2.05 
2.30 
1.50 
1.80 
1.60 
2.05 
2.05 
2.00 
2.05 
1.55 
1.50 
1.55 
1.60 
l.OO 
5.30 
2.80 
3  55 
2.55 
1.55 
3.30 
2.10 
3.00 
8.80 
2.30 
2.80 
2.50 
1.90 
3.00 
2.70 
3.30 
2.00 
2.05 
2.10 
2.30 
4.00 
2.80 
2.30 
2.20 
4.80 
1.80 
1.80 
2.20 
2.20 
l.OO 
2.00 
2.05 
3.55 
2.20 


ALL  SUBSCRIPTIONS  ARE  FOR  ONE  FULL  YEAR.  Subscriptions  may  be  new,  renewal,  or 
exten-Mions.  Magazines  may  be  sent  to  <»ne  or  to  separate  addresses.  Additional  postage  is 
charged  on  Canadian  and  Foreign  subscriptions.  If  you  do  not  find  what  you  want,  send  u*! 
your  list,  and  we  will  quote  you  the  lowest  possible  price.  We  will  duplicate  any  offer  made 
by  any  reputable  agent,  agency,  or  publisher. 


PACIFIC  SUBSCRIPTION  COMPANY 

315  Mason   Opera  House  Bldg., 


p.  O.  BOX  625, 
Sta.  C. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


A  QUESTION... 


Are  you  a  Fancier  of  Poultry,  Dogs,  Pigeons  and  Pets  for  pleasure  or  profit 


Then  you  want  the  Fanciers'  Journal  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  paper  that  is  read 
by  every  Poultry-Keeper  and  Dog  and  Pet-Stock  Fancier  horn  British  Columbia 
to  Mexico — ^^the 

PACIFIC    COAST  FANCIER'S   NONTHLY 

It  was  established  in  1885,  and  is  beautifully  illustrated,  handsome  and  interesting 
from  cover  to  cover.  Every  prominent  breeder  advertises  in  its  pages,  and  if  you  want  to 
keep  posted  in  all  that  c^oes  on  in  the  Poultry,  Dog  and  Pet-Stock  world  of  California  and 
the  rest  of  the  Pacific  Coast  you  need  the  Fanciers'  Monthly. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  is  the  Pioneer  Poultry  Journal  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  has 
always  been  and  is  today  recognized  all  over  the  United  States  as  the  poultry  magazine 
of  the  West,  thoroughly  practical,  strictly  up-to-date — not  a  luxury  but  a  necessity,  if 
you  want  to  make  poultry  pay. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  has  for  ten  years  been  a  favorite  with  breeders  of  Dogs,  Pig- 
eons and  Pets.     It  pays  its  readers  and  it  pays  its  advertisers. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  js  beautifully  illustrated,  brim  full  of  good  reading,  and  is  a 
prime  favorite  with  successful  breeders. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  costs  but  little.  No  person  who  keeps  fowls  or  pets,  few  or 
many,  can  afford  not  to  take  it.  Try  it!  Accept  nothing  claimed  to  be  just  as  good. 
There  is  but  one  Fanciers'  Monthly.     It  has  many  imitators,  but  no  equals. 

Send  your  address  and  $1.00  and  receive  the  Fanciers'  Monthly  regularly  for  two 
years,  being  but  fifty  cents,  or  it  will  be  sent  on  trial     one     year     for     seventy-five     cents. 


ADDRESS 


FANCIERS'  MONTHLY 


San  Jose,  California 


l^cdwood 
City 


t^ 


Plant  of  The  Frank  Tannins  Co..  Redwood  City,  Cal. 


''  I  'HE  county  seat  of  San  Mateo  County.    One  of  the  oldest  towns 
-■'       in  California,   yet  one  of  the   newest  and   most  up-to-date. 
At  the  head  of  navigation   on   an  arm  of  San   Francisco  Bay,   and 
certain  to  become  an  important  manufacturing  center. 


For  full  particulars  address  an^  of  the  following: 


Curran  Clark,  Real  Estate,  147  Main  St.,  Redwood. 

or.  Rusa  Bids:..  235  Montgomery  Street.  San 

Francisco. 
Redwood  City  Commercial  Bank. 


Redwood  City  Realty  Co.,  Inc.,  Redwood  City. 
Savings  &  Trust  Co.  of  San  Mateo  County. 
Redwood  City  Lumber  Co. 
Edw.  F.  Fitzpatrick,  Attorney-at-Law. 


SIX  TO  EIGHT    CROPS    OF  ALFALFA    YEARLY  AND  A 
HOME  IN  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA 


OUR  NEW  PLAN  BOOK  tells  how  you  can  secure  5  to  40  acres  of  Southern  California's  most  Jerlile  irrigated  valley 
land.  IT  TELLS  how  you  can  have  the  same  put  under  cultivation  for  little  money.  How  big  piofits  are  made 
annually  upon  your  investment  without  moving  or  giving  up  present  business  until  ready. 

$1,500  PER  ACRE  is  being  made  from  these  rich  valley  lands  growing  fruit.  YOU  can  do  the  same.  BY  OUR 
PLAN  you  g^t  a  BIG  PROFIT  from  your  investment  the  second  year  and  it  increases  yearly.  Nothing  like  it 
ever  offered  before. 

WRITE  TO-DAY  for  our  new  plan  book,  etc.     DO  IT  NOW. 

NATIONAL  HOMESTEAD  ASSOCIATION  ^'"'-'iii't^i^.&'T^iVoiSfA 


A  Book  with   New  Ideas 

Scientific  Living 

FOR  PROLONGING  THE 
TERM  OF  HUMAN  LIFE 

The  New   Domestic  Science 

Cooking  to  simplify   living  and  retain  the 

LIFE  ELEMENTS  IN  FOOD 

By  Laura  Nettleton  Brown 

This  work  represents  new  views  on  the  health 
question,  especially  as  related  to  food.  It  treats 
of  the  life  in  food,  showing  that  in  its  prepara- 
tion by  the  usual  methods  the  life-giving  vital- 
ity is  destroyed;  that  is,  the  organic  elements 
become  inorganic.  It  also  shows  that  food 
which  cannot  be  used  uncooked  can  be  rendered 
palatable  and  digestible  without  destroying  its 
food  value.  The  reason  is  clearly  stated  and 
recipes  and  directions  for  cooking,  with  menus 
for  a  balanced  diet,  are  given.  A  clear  line  of 
distinction  is  shown  between  food  and  stimu- 
lants or  drugs.  It  treats  of  the  chemistry  of 
food  in  a  way  that  is  -easily  understood  and 
made  practical,  and  should  be  read  by  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  maintenance  of  health  and 
longevity  and  by  students  and  teachers  of  do- 
mestic science,  by  whom  its  new  and  practical 
ideas  will  be  appreciated.  300  pp.  Cloth.  $1.00, 
with  Health-Culture  one  year  $1.50. 

THE  HEALTH-CULTURE  CO., 

421  ST.  James  BIdg.,  New  York. 

N.  B. — A  sample  copy  of  Health -Culture  and 
list  of  books  on   Scientific   Living  SENT   FREE. 


The  Mahogany  and 

Hickory  of 

Amerfca 


The  Timber  situation  in  this  country 
is  beginning  to  be  one  of  the  greatest 
questions  before  the  public.  In  Eucalyp- 
tus we  have  the  only  possible  solution. 

A  wood  that  grows  five  times  as  fast 
as  oak  or  hickory  and  is  stronger  and  far 
better  for  furniture  and  will  reproduce 
itself  from  the  stump  as  often  as  it  is 
cut. 

We  have  the  best  proposition,,  best 
land,  all  of  our  planting  contracts  guar- 
anteed by  $25,000  bond,  all  moneys  paid 
to  trust  company  who  receipts  for  same 
and  makes  deeds  and  contracts.  Send 
for  new  art  booklet. 


American   Eucalyptus  Co. 

Department  A 

343  So.  Hill  Street 


/fOME/8/ 
MAIN  866 f: 


IfODAKS 


Hummel  Bros,  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."   116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  18,  1909. 
The  Mathie  Brewing  Company, 

1834-1858  East  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Gentlemen: 

For  several  years  I  tried  different  doctors  and  medi- 
cines for  indigestion,  sleeplessness  and  nervousness,  but 
to  no  avail.  My  father  asked  me  to  try  MATHIE'S 
MALT  TONIC,  and  after  using  it  for  some  time  I  felt 
much  better  and  my  general  health  was  much  improved, 
and  I  still  continue  to  use  it. 

Yours  gratefully, 

PEARL  ALDERETE. 


MATMIE    MALT    TONIC 


$1.50  Per  Dozen 


Delivered 


The  Mathie  Brewing  Co.        Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Home  Phone  Ex.  942        Sunset  Phone  East  66 


Designing 
Engraving 
Printing 


S' 


Estimates 
Promptly 
Furnished 


WE  PRINT  THE  OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE 


e^^  e^^ 


(INC.) 


Commercial,  Book   and   Catalogue 


Printing  and  Binding 


837  So.  Spring  Street,   Los  A.n^eles 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  116-118  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


$:2500  INCOME 

Yearly  for  Life 

We  are  growing  a  crop  in  California  that  pays  $750  to  $1000  an  acre  the  first  year 
and  every  year.  That  sounds  too  good  to  be  true — but  it  can  be  done  because  it  has  been 
done  and  is  now  being  done.  There  are  no  years  of  waiting  for  profits,  as  in  growing 
oranges,  grapes  or  eucalyptus.     You  get  them  the  first  and  every  year. 

PROFIT  SHARING     By  our  plan,  we  plant,  cultivate,   harvest  and  market  the  crop  for 
non-residents    and  return  big  profits  yearly      When  ready  to  take 
possession  of  your  land  you  can  make  $750   to   $1000   from    each    acre    everv   year.      There 
are  no  crop  failures. 

FACTS,  NOT  PROMISES     You   take   no  chances.     Every  dollar  you  invest  is  paid  into 

the    Merchants   Bank  and    Trust  Company  of  Los  Angeles, 
California,  and  paid  out  by  them  only  for  things  done,  not  things  promised. 

OUR  BOOKLET     Tells  the  story  of  this    remarkable    crop    and    how    three    acres    will 
produce  $2500  to  $3000  yearly.     It   shows  how  you  can   secure   a  life 
income  and  home  in  this  land  of  sunshine  and  flowers  for  little  money. 

Write  fo-r  it  today.     It's  free  and  may  be  worth  thousands  of  dollars  to  you. 


Turkish  American  Tobacco  Corporation 

Suite  C,  505  Central  Building,  Los  Angeles,  California 


Los  Angeles 
Brewing  Company's 


P\ire   and  "^R^Holeftome 

LAGER  BEERS 

Are  a  Home  Product  not  ex- 
celled by  any  Eastern 
Manufacture 

Why  Not  Try  It? 


PHONES 

Sunset  East  820  Home  Exch.  820 


Los  Angeles 
Pacific  Co. 


ELECTRIC  LINES 


The    Shortest     and     Quickest     Line 

Between  Los  Angeles  and 

the  Ocean 

See  Venice,  Santa  Monica,  Ocean  Park, 
National  Soldiers'  Home,  Playa  del 
Rey,   Redondo. 

Fish   at   LONG  WHARF, 

Port  Los  AngeleM, 

OP  Playa  tlel  Rey 

Take  the 
Balloon  Route  Fxcurslon 
One  Whole  Day  for  91.00 

Showing  a  part  of  California's  Finest 
Scenery.  28  Miles  Right  Along  the 
Ocean.  An  Experienced  Guide  Wjth 
Each  Car. 

Cars    Leave     Hill     Street     Station     9:40 
a.   m.   Daily 

Los  Angeles   Passenger   Station 

Hill   St.,    Bet.   Fourth   and   Fifth 


ANYVO  THEATRICAL  COLD  CREAM 


prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coating';  it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  4^7  North  Main  St.,  Loo  Anareles 


Playa  Vicente  Plantations 

State  of  Vera  Cruz 

MEXICO 

Produce  Four  Crops  Yearly 
Soil  is  Always  Producing 

Fertile -Healthy -Accessible 

In  a  few  years  Mexico  will  be 
supplying  the  United  States 
with  the  bulk  of  the  products  of 
the  soil  which  we  consume.  The 
United  States  is  becoming  more 
densely  populated  each  year. 
The  productive  acres  are  being 
cut  up.  The  demand  is  getting 
greater — the  supply  less.  The 
tide  is  turning  to  Mexico.  The 
big  transportation  companies 
realize  this  and  are  rushing 
lines  there. 

In  the  Western  United  States 
and  Canada  all  producing 
lands  have  been  taken  up 
at  their  original  low  cost  and 
today  bring  their  full  high 
values.  Colonization  has  but 
A  cocoanut  Palm  recently     started     on     a     large 

scale  in  Mexico.  With  governmental  encouragement  large  tracts  of  the  cream  of 
the  Mexican  Republic  have  been  taken  over  by  operating  companies  who  agree  to 
colonize  them  by  marketing  in  small  tracts  to  prospective  settlers.  As  the  lands 
pass  from  the  companies,  prices  advance  and  it  will  be  but  a  short  time  until  $10 
land  will  be  changing  hands  at  $100  to  $250  per  acre.  It  was  the  same  in  the  South- 
west, the  Northwest  and  Canada.  Our  experts  after  considering  available  agricul- 
tural land  all  over  Mexico,  selected  the  Playa  Vicente  Plantation,  located  in  the  most 
productive  section  of  the  most  fertile  region  of  Mexico. 

Climate: — Equable,  average  75  degrees  past  ten  years.  Rainfall: — About  100 
inches.  Altitude: — About  500  feet,  no  swamp  or  marsh  land.  Soil: — Produces  four 
crops  per  year,  reaching  maturity  with  great  rapidity  and  produces,  among  the 
products  best  known  in  the  United  States:  Corn,  bananas,  tobacco,  chocolate,  or- 
anges, lemons,  limes,  pineapples,  rubber,  sugar,  rice,  coffee,  cocoanuts,  vanilla,  cotton, 
grape  fruit,  grapes,  figs,  nectarines,  mangoes,  olives,  almonds,  walnuts,  apricots, 
prunes,  pears,  dates,  kaffir  corn,  rye,  barley,  beans,  peas,  pumpkins,  melons,  beets, 
onions  and  berries.    Also  a  great  variety  of  timber. 

nf\  Ar^RpC  °^  *^'^  land,  when  cultivated,  will  produce  wealth  and  inde- 
^"  Av^IxlLiJ  pendence  outside  of  increase  in  land.  We  have  cut  the  Playa 
Vicente  Plantation  into  20-acre  tracts  which  surround  our  townsite  on  the  Xochiapa 
River. 

are  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  land 
as  improved  land  in  the  same  district,  of  the  same 
character,  is  selling  at  $100  and  up  per  acre.  Starting,  we  are  going  to  offer  a 
limited  number  of  these  20-acre  tracts  at  $10  per  acre — $200  for  a  20-acre  tropical 
plantation  which  will  make  the  buyer  independent — on  terms  of  $20  as  first  payment 
and  $10  per  month  until  paid  for,  when  a  deed  will  also  be  given  for  a  lot  in  the 
townsite. 

D>|.    rj^lav    ^^^  write  at  once  for  our  free,  illustrated  book  which  tells 
on    I    I^6la.y    all  about  the  land  and  answers  all  questions.     Address 

The  Mexican  Tropical  Land  Co.     ^''-ros^KEL^rcA^i""*^'- 

NOTE:-Send  a  first  payment  ($20)  in  order  to  secure  an  early  allotment  with  the  assurance  that  we  will  return 
it  if  our  book  and  detail  description  do  not  prove  it  satisfactory.     Make  checks  or  drafts  to  the  Company. 

The  men  behind  this  project  are  of  the  highest  character  and  will  furnish  any  reference  desired. 


PRICE  and  TERMS 


n^HOROUGHLY 
^  protected  by  elec- 
tric automatic  block 
signal  system  insuring 
safety  to  the  traveller* 
Four  routes  to  the  East 

^  Through  sleepers  to 
principal  Eastern  points 
No    change    of    cars* 


Sotithei^n  Pacific 

600  South  Spring  Street 

CORNER  SIXTH 


BDUTHERN 
PACIFIC 


^!^8S 


Yosemite 


All  Rail  All  the  Year 


To  the  Heart  of  the  Valley 

An  easy  and  comfortable  trip  to  Nature's 
Greatest  Wonders 


T  ri 


Side  trips  at  low  rates'.  Yo- 
semite to  Wawona  and  the 
wonderful 


Mariposa 
Big  Trees 

See  Special  Yosemite  Represen- 
tative at 

600  South  Spring  Street 
Corner  Sixth 

Southern  Pacific 


On.... 
The  Trail 


Grand 
Canyon 


OF  ARIZONA 

r^N  Bright  Angel  Trail 
^^  trip  to  the  nver — deep 
down  in  the  earth  a  mile  and 
more —  you  see  the  history  of 
the  birth  and  physical  devel- 
opment of  this  earth  and  all 
glorified  by  a  rainbow  beauty 
of  color.  Trails  are  open 
the  year  'round. 
Excursion  rates  during  summer 
^  Bear  in  mind  when  going 
East  —  The... 

CalifoYtiia 
Umited 

is  the  only  exclusively  first 
class  train  to  the  East  via  any 
line.     Our  folders  tell. 


JNO.  J.  BYRNE.  A.P.T.M. 
LOS  ANGELES 


California  Limited 


THE  only  train  to  Chicago  and 
East  exclusively  first  class. 
Perfect  equipment,  dining  car 
service  unmatched,  courteous  em- 
ployes. Stopover  can  be  made  at 
such  unique  places  as  Grand 
Canyon,  Petrified  iForest,  Indian 
Villages — Laguna  and  Acoma — the 
'  Enchanted  Mesa,  Cliff  Dwellings. 


Our  illustrated  folders  rvill  interest  you.        Just  address 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE,  A.  P.  T.  M..  Santa  Fe  Ry. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


SANTA  FE 


tsmsmfss. 


"A  JOY  RIDE" 


will  be  realized  if  you  take  this  palatial 
train. 


Three  Days  to 
licago 

The  Los  Angeles  J^imited  runs  daily 
from  Los  Angeles  via  Salt  Lake  Route, 
Union  Pacific  and  Chicago  and  North- 
western with  finest  of  electric  lighted 
equipment.  Also  carries  a  standard 
sleeper  from  Los  Angeles  t  o  Denver, 
Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis.  Full  particu- 
lars at  all  ticket  offices  and  at  601  South 
Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles. 

F.  A.  Wann,  General  Traffic  Manager. 
T.  C.  Peck,  General  Passenger  Agent. 


The  Value 
of  Personal  Knowledge 


Personal  knowledge  is  the  winning  factor  in  the  culminating 
contests  of  this  competitive  age  and  when  of  ample  character  it 
places  its  fortunate  possessor  in  the  front  ranks  of 

The  Well  Informed  of  tHe  W^orld. 

A  vast  fund  of  personal  knowledge  is  really  essential  to  the 
achievement  of  the  highest  excellence  in  any  held  of  human  effort. 

A  Knowledge  of  Forms,  Knowledge  of  Functions  and 
Knowledge  of  Products  are  all  of  the  utmost  value  and  in  ques- 
tions of  life  and  health  when  a  true  and  wholesome  remedy  is 
desired  it  should  be  remembered  that  Syrup  of  Figs  and  Elixir 
of  Senna,  manufactured  by  the  California  Fig  Syrup  Co.,  is  an 
ethical  product  which  has  met  with  the  approval  of  the  most 
eminent  physician  and  gives  universal  satisfaction,  because  it  is 
a  remedy  of 

Known  Quality,  Known  Excellence  and  Known  Component 
Parts  and  has  won  the  valuable  patronage  of  millions  of  the 
Well  Informed  of  the  world,  who  know  of  their  own  personal 
knowledge  and  from  actual  use  that  it  is  the  first  and  best  of 
family  laxatives,  for  which  no  extravagant  or  unreasonable 
claims  are  made. 

This  valuable  remedy  has  been  long  and  favorably  known 
under  the  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs — and  has  attained  to  world- 
wide acceptance  as  the  most  excellent  family  laxative.  As  its 
pure  laxative  principles,  obtained  from  Senna,  are  well  known  to 
physicians  and  the  Well  Infoi-med  of  the  world  to  be  the  best 
we  have  adopted  the  more  elaborate  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna — as  more  fully  descriptive  of  the  remedy,  but 
doubtless  it  will  always  be  called  for  by  the  shorter  name  of — 
Syrup  of  Figs — and  to  get  its  beneficial  eflt'ects,  always  note,  when 
purchasing  the  full  name  of  the  Company — California  Fig  Syrup 
Co. — printed  on  the  front  of  every  package, -whether  you  call 
for— Syrup  of  Figs — or  by  the  full  name — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna. 


California  Fig  Syrup  Co. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL., 
LOUISVILLE,  KY.  Londo^.'ci.g.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."  116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


The  Earliest  Land  in  the  United  States 

Must  be  the  Most  Valuable  Land  because  it 
produces  the  earliest  fruits  and  vegetables  and 
has  the  Longest  Growing  Season. 

The  Long  Crowing  Season   is   one   of  the 

many  great  advantages  of  Coachella  Valley,  Cal. 

It  is  Bound  to  Become  the  hrly  Garden  Spot  of  California 

Things  grow  every  day  in  the  year.  The  sun 
shines  360  days.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Easily 
worked  and  holds  water  'well. 

The  "crop"  of  agricultural  land  in  California  is  about  all  harvested — and  there  will 
never  be  another  crop.  It  is  a  pity  but  it  is  a  fact.  There  will  be  other  sections  of  the 
United  States  opened  up,  but  they  have  not  and  never  will  have  the  many  advantages 
that  Southern  California  ofTers.  Agricultural  land  in  Southern  California  commands 
the  highest  prices  and  it  always  will,  and  why?  Because  they  net  the  greatest  re- 
turns by  producing  the  most  when  the  prices  are  the  highest.  Land  that  will  grow 
oranges  that  can  be  sold  on  the  Eastern  markets  in  November  or  December  for  $4 
to  $5  a  box,  is  worth  twice  as  much  as  land  that  produces  oranges  in  January  or 
February  that  sell  for  $2  to  $3.  It  is  the  same  with  all  other  fruits  and  vegetables. 
If  Redlands  orange  groves  are  worth  $1500  per  acre,  Coachella  groves  ought  to  be 
worth  a  good  deal  more.  Water  is  plentiful,  the  soil  is  of  the  very  best,  the  product 
is  superior,  the  market  is  nearer,  no  damaging  frosts  and  above  all  the  season  is 
four  to  eight  weeks  earlier.  These  are  acknowledged  facts.  That  is  why  Redlands 
and  Riverside  orange  growers  are  buying  land  in  Coachella  Vall'ey. 

The  Conchilla  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co. 

was  organized  to  acquire  and  develop  these  lands.  No  land  will  be  placed  on  the 
market  until  it  is  fully  improved  and  on  a  good  paying  basis.  We  have  no  land  for 
sale  now  but  will  have  by  November  or  December.  We  are  now  developing  water 
for  a  200-acre  tract.  Grapes,  oranges,  etc.,  are  growing  on  a  part  of  this  tract.  We 
have  arranged  to  plant  70  acres  to  alfalfa  in  September  and  cut  one  crop  this  year. 
This  land  produces  NINE  cuttings  a  year  of  from  one  to  two  tons  per  cutting. 
Where  is  there  a  better  place  to  grow  alfalfa?  The  company  will  harvest  the  alfalfa 
while  the  lands  remain  in  their  possession,  the  proceeds  from  which  will  pay  all  ex- 
penses and  a  good  dividend  on  the  stock.  It  increases  the  value  of  the  land.  The 
purchasers  of  the  land  will  have  a  good  paying  proposition  from  the  day  they  buy. 
The  land  will  be  sold  in  5-acre  or  larger  tracts  with  a  perpetual  water  right.  One 
share  of  water   goes   with   each   acre   of  land. 

While  we  have  no  land  for  sale  just  yet,  we  have  something  better,  something 
that  you  can  convert  into  land  at  your  pleasure  and  at  an  increased  value.  It  is  the 
CAPITAL  STOCK  of  the  company,  convertible  into  land  as  soon  as  we  have  land  for 
sale.  The  company  will  exchange  land  for  Convertible  Stock,  giving  $125  worth  of 
land  (market  value)  for  each  share.  Under  this  provision  of  the  by-laws  this  stock 
is  worth  at  least  $125  as  soon  as  the  company  has  land  for  sale  and  it  should  be 
worth  much  more  as  it  shares  in  the  profits  of  the  company.  There  is  no  bonded 
indebtedness.  The  stock  has  first  lien  on  the  entire  property  and  is  secured  by  over 
$200  worth  of  land  per  share.  There  are  only  250  shares  of  Convertible  Stock  to  be 
issued  and  half  of  this  has  already  been  sold.  The  other  block  of  stock  will  NOT  be 
convertible. 

PRICE  AND  TERMS:— We  now  oflfer,  subject  to  sale,  about  120  shares  ($12,000) 
of_this  Convertible  Capital  Stock  at  par — $100.  Those  desiring  to  do  so  can  pay 
$27.50  per  share  with  subscriptiori  and  balance  in  three  equal  monthly  payments  of 
$25.     Subscription  blanks,  descriptive  circulars  and  detail  information  can  be  secured  of 


Conchilla  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co. 


Coachella,  Cal. 


E..    G.    Hamilton,   Sec'y-Treas.,  3  >  lO    Bvidlon^  Ave.,   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
E,     O.    Burdon    (EL   Co.»    Colman    Bldg.,    Seattle,    "Wash. 


STYLE 

NEATNESS 
COMFORT 

THE  IMPROVED 

BOSTON 
GARTER 

'^B  The  Name  is  stamped  on 
every  loop  —  Be  sure  it's  there 


THE 


^^ 


C^        CUSh 


CUSHION 
BUTTON 

CLASP 

LIES  FLAT  TO  THE  LEG— NEVER 
SLIPS,TEARS,  NOR  UNFASTENS 

WORN  ALL  OVER  THE  WORLD 

Sample  pair,  Silk  50c.,  Cotton  25c. 
Mailed  on  receipt  of  price. 

GEORGE  FROST  CO.,  Makers 
Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

INSIST  ON    HAVING    THE   GENUINE 
■^REFUSE  ALL  SUBSTITUTES'^^ 


Order  a  Box 
by  Mail 


ChocoWteS 

If  you  can't  buy  RoJgh  House 
from  your  dealer  send  us  sixty 
cents  in  stamps  for  a  pound 
box.  We  pay  the  postage. 
The  chocolates  not  like  any  you 
have  had  before  —  hard  and 
chewy  centers  —  no  creams. 
Twelve  different  styles. 

BISHOP  &  COMPANY 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 


A    Delicious    Drink 

Baker's  Cocoa 

made  by  a 
scientific 
blending  of 
the  best 
tropical  fruit 

52  HIGHEST  AWARDS 

Walter  Baker  &  Go.  Ltd. 

Esubiufaed  1780  DoFchesfer,  Mass. 


One  Oil  for  All  Engines 

Doti't  be  confused  by  the  conflicting  claims 
and  uncertain  performances  of  oils  that  are 
"made  especially"  for  different  types  of  cars 
and  engines  or  to  meet  different  conditions. 
There's  07ie  oil  that  gives  perfect  lubrication  in 
a// types  of  engines  under  a// conditions.  Ask  for 

lEROLENE 

Auto  Lubricating  Oil 

The  only  oil  that  is  really  nou-carbonizing,  so 
pure,  free  and  clear  that  it  feeds  regularly  under 
all  conditions  of  Iieat  or  cold.  Made  in  the  one 
grade  only,  wliich  never  varies— produced  in 
only  one  place  in  the  world— sold  only  under 
the  name  Zerolene. 

Put  up  in  cans  with  patent  spout, 
that  cannot  be  refilled — also  in 
barrels  for  garage  trade.  Sold  by 
dealers  everywhere. 

Write  for  booklet, 
"21,000  Miles  with  Zero- 
lene."    Free. 

STANDARD  OIL  COMPANY 
(Incorporated) 


vose 


PRNOS 


have  been  established  over  60  ycars.  By  our  system 
of  pay  tnentsevery  family  in  moderate  circumstances 
can  own  a  VOSE  piano.  We  take  old  instruments 
in  exchang-e  and  deliver  the  new  piano  in  your 

hom(»  free  of  expense.    Write  for  Catalogrue  D  and  explanations. 

VOSE  &.  SONS  FI>\NO  CO   ,  ie>0  Boylston  St..  Boston.  Mass. 


NOVEMBER,  1909 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  4 


% 


OUT  WEST 


HE   NA 


DACK    OF      US 
IN        FRONT 


I5c.  "^'^ 


COPY 


LOS  ANGELES,  CA 

MASON  OPERA  HO^f^Lf^H^'^ 


$3 


A 
YEAR 


\ 


^.        OF 


SITY 


In  the  manufacture  of 


COCOA 


Cocoa  Beans  of  the  highest  grades  only, 

scientfically  blended,  are  used. 
Cleanliness  and  Workmanship  in  our  Plant 
are  as  carefully  scrutinized  as  is  the 
quality  of  material  used. 
Under  such  conditions  it  is  not  surprising 


that 


COCOA 


is  the  acknowledged  Best  in  the  World. 

The  standard  by  which  others  are  judged. 

Quality  higher  than  price. 

Price  within  the  reach  of  all. 


Get 

^^^  ^ 

Our 

^^K' . . ,..  l:^^fl 

New 

mmi 

Booklet 

E    _,.,;:fi  ■ 

A  Story  of 

imm^m 

Eucalyptus 

Just  off  the  press.  Alive 

■»:.«?-       ' 

j^msM 

1.     ''      i'f'        .:',      'i"''  '" 

with    fact*    about    this 

m^k^ 

wonderful   new  indus- 

*"■.: 

try.       Investigate   now. 
A  small  payment  down 
and      small     payments 
monthly  will     mean  a 
perpetualincome  a  little 
later  on. 

Murrieta  Eucalyptus  Co. 

2 1 1  Mercantile  Place 

;■■■"-„.:           ...   .>.:<■>.      . 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

NAVAJO      BLANKETS 

AND     INDIAN     CURIOS     AT    W^  H  O  L  E  S  A  L  E 

I  have  more  than  250  weavers  in  my  employ,  including  the  most  skilful  now 
living,  and  have  taken  the  greatest  pains  to  preserve  the  old  colors,  patterns, 
and  weaves.  Every  blanket  sold  by  me  carries  my  personal  guarantee  of  its 
quality.  In  dealing  with  me,  you  will  get  the  very  finest  blankets  at  wholesale 
prices.  I  also  handle  the  products  of  the  Hopi  (Moqui)  Indians,  buying  them  un- 
der contract  with  the  trading  posts  at  Ream's  Canyon  and  Oraibi  and  selling 
them    at    wholesale. 

I  have  constantly  a  very  fine  selection  of  Navajo  silverware  and  Jewelry, 
Navajo  "rubies"  cut  and  uncut,  peridots  and  native  turquois.  Also  the  choicest 
modern  Moqui  pottery,  and  a  rare  collection  of  prehistoric    pottery. 


Write  for  my  Catalogue 
and  Price  List 


J.  L  HUBBELL,  '""»"  Tr.de, 


Ganado,  Apache  Co.,  Arizona 


Maier  Brewing  Company's 

**Select"  Beer 


XTOTED 
■'■^    Purity 


for  its  Age, 
and  Strength. 
All  shipments  by  bottles  or 
kegs  promptly  filled.  Family 
trade  a  specizJty.      ::     ::     :: 


i  OFFICE  AND  BREWERY 


440  Aliso  Street,      Los  Angeles 

BOTH  PHONES:    Exchange  9 1 


for  Whooping  Cough 
Croup,  Sore  Throat 
Coughs,  Bronchitis 
Colds,    Diphtheria 

•  ■  Used  while  you  sleep ' '     Catarrh. 

Vaporized  Cresolene  stops  the  paroxysms  of 
Whooping  Cough  Ever  dreaded  Croup  cannot 
exist  where  Cresolene  is  used. 

It  acfts  directly  on  the  nose  and  throat  making 
breathing  easy  in  the  case  of  colds;  soothes  the 
sore  throat  and  stops  the  cough. 

Cresolene  is  a  powerful  germicide  a(5ting  both 
as  a  curative  and  preventive  in  contagious 
diseases. 

It  IS  a  boon  to  sufferers  from  Asthma 

Cresoiene's  best  recommendation  is  its  30 
years  of  successful  use. 

Ror  Sale  iyy  All  OruKKiMts 

Send  Postal  for  Descnplue  Booklet 

Cresolene  Antiseptic  Throat  Tablets  lor  the  irritated  throat, 

of  your  druggist  or  from  us    lOc     in  stamps 

THEVAPO-CRESOLENECO.,  180  Fulton  St.,  New  York 

Leeming -Miles  Building    Mootreal,  Caoada 


GOVERNMENT 


Irrigation  now  under  con- 
struction in  Glenn  County. 
The  cheapest  Alfalfa  and 
Orange  land  in  California. 
The  Central  Irrigating 
Canal,  the  largest  in  Cali- 
fornia now  ready  to  furnish 
water  to  all.  Our  oranges 
are  ripe  one  month  earlier 
than  southern  California. 
t|  Write  for  prospectus. 


W.  £.  GERMAIN 

p.  O.  Box  65 
Willows,  Glenn  Co.,      California 


YOU  want  to  do  well 
whatever  you  do; 
you  expect  to  buy  clothes 
somewhere. 

^  You'll  do  it  as  well  as  it 
can  be  done,  if  you  buy 
Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx 
all-wool  clothing  of 


'Che  Quality  Store 

FIRST  and  SPRING         Los  Angeles 
26   Years  Famous  For  Values 


XLbe  (3erman  Savinos 
anb  Xoan  Society 

The  (German  Bank) 
[A  member  of  the  Associated  Savings  Banks  of  San  Francisco] 

526  California  St*,  San  FranciscOt  CaL 


Guaranteed  Capital 
Capital  actually  paid  up  in  cash 
Reserve  and  Contingent  Funds 
Deposits  June  30.  1909     . 
Total  Assets 


$  1,200,000.00 
$  1.000.000.00 
$  1.504.498.68 
$36,793,234.04 
$39,435,681.38 


Remittance  may  be  made  by  Draft,  Post  Office,  or 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Go's.  Money  Orders,  or  coin  by  Ex- 
press. 

Office  Hours:  lOo'clock  A.  M.  to  3  o'clock  P.  M., 
except  Saturdays  to  12  o'clock  M.  and  Saturday  eve- 
niriprs  from  6.30  o'clock  P.  M.  to  8  o'clock  P.  M.,  for 
receipt  of  deposits  only. 

OFFICERS:  President,  N.  Ohlandt;  First  Vice- 
President,  Daniel  Meyer;  Second  Vice-President,  Emil 
Rohte;  Cashier,  A.  H.  R.  Schmidt;  Assistant  Cashier, 
William  Herrmann;  Secretary,  George  Tourny;  As- 
sistant Secretary,  A.  H.  Muller;  Goodfellow  &  Eells, 
General  Attorneys. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS:  N.  Ohlandt,  Daniel 
Meyer,  Emil  Rohte,  Ign.  Steinhardt,  I.  N.  Walter,  J. 
W.  Van  Bergen,  F.  Tillmann,  jr.,  E.  T.  Kruse  and  W. 
S.  Goodfellow. 

MISSION  BRANCH,  2572  Mission  Street,  be- 
tween 21st  and  22nd  Street.  For  receipt  and  payment 
of  Deposits  only.  C.  W.  Heyer,  Manager. 

RICHMOND  DISTRICT  BRANCH,  432  Clement  St., 
between  5th  and  6th  Avenues.  For  receipt  and  pay- 
ment of  Deposits  only.     W.  C.  Heyer,  Manager, 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  116-118  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


EUCALYPTUS 
Timber  Groves 

Pay  33 ^  Per  Cent 


Interest  Coiuiiounded  Annually. 
We  are  planting  orange  land 
to  Eucalyptus  because  it  will 
produce  the  largest  trees  in 
tlie  shortest  time.  The  soil  is 
rich,  deep  and  fertile. 
The  location  and  climatic 
conditions  are  Ideal.  On  rail- 
road, near  to  Los  Angeles. 
We  are  selling  groves  for  $180 
per  acre  cash  or  $200  per  acre 
on  easy  terms.  The  price  in- 
cludes planting,  replacing,  cul- 
tivating, irrigating,  permanent 
supervision  and  other  care. 
Send  for  Our  Free  Booklet,  48 
pages  handsomely  illustrated. 
Tells  all  about  the  industry. 
Before  buying  you  should  see 
it. 


Eucalyptus  Syndicate 

327  W.  3rd  St.        Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

s: Main  8561 


Los  Angeles 
Brewing  Company's 


Pure  and  "WKoleaome 

LAGER  BEERS 

Are  a  Home  Product  not  ex- 
celled by  any  Eastern 
Manufacture 


Why  Not  Try  It? 


PHONES 

Sunset  East  820  Home  Exch.  820 


Bailey's   Rubber   Complexion 
Brushes  ^  Massage  RoUers 

Make,  Keep  and  Restore  Beauts  in  Suture's  own  way 


with  circular  biting  edges  that  remove  dust  caps, 
cleanse  the  skin  in  the  bath,  open  the  pores,  and  give 
new  life  to  the  whole  body.  Bailey's  Rubber 
Brushes  are  all  made  this  way.-  Mailed  for  price. 
Beware  of  imitations.  At  all  dealers. 
Bailey's  Rubber  Complexion  Brush  $    .-"iO 

Bailey's  Rubber  Massage  Roller  ...  .50 

Bailey's  Bath  and  Shampoo  Brush  .75 

Bailey's  Rubber  Bath  and  Flesh  Brush  1.00 

Bailey's  Rubber  Toilet  Brush  (small)     .  .25 

Bailey's  Skin  Food  (large  jar)  ...  .50 

Bailey's 

Wont  Slip 

TIP 

This  tip  won't  slip  on 
ANY  SURFACE,  on 
smooth  ice,  or  mar  the 
most  highly  polished 
floor.  Made  in  five 
sizes,  internal  diameter: 
No.  17,  %in.:No.  IS.% 
in.;  No.  19,  K  in.;  No. 
20,  lin.;  No.  21,  IV^  in. 
Mailed  upon  receipt  of 
price,  30c.  per  pair. 
Agents  wanted. 

1 00  Page  Rubber  Catalogue  Free. 

C.  J.  BAILEY  &  CO.,  22  Boylatan  St.,  BOSTON,  Mass. 


■^■■■■i^i^^MiB  Standard    ACTUMA 

KIDDER'S  PASTILLES  '^^J^'.  '*^'"'^'* 


STCWEIiL  &   CO.,  Mfrs., 


relief  for 

.Sold  by  all 
Druggists.  35  cents. 
Charlestown,  Mass. 


WANTED,  FARMERS 

We  want  good  Farmers,  to  take  some  of  the  Fertile  Lands  in  the 

Valley  Vie^V  Colony        Kern  County,   California 

To  farmers  who  will  improve  and  farm  their  lands  at  once,  we  will  sell,  from  10  acres  up, 
with  perfect  title,  of  fine,  level  land,  rich  loam  soil  in  the  proven  water  belt;  close  to 
schools,  stores,  etc.,  at  only 

$20.00  PER  ACRE 

On  terms  of  one-half  cash,  balance  on  long  time.  We  will  also  assist  good  parties,  in  the 
development  of  water  and  erection  of  new  liomes,  planting  of  trees,  etc.  These  lands  are 
adapted  to   the  production  of 

FRUITS.  ALFALFA  and  GRAINS 

of  the  highest  quality,  and  are  absolutely  the  only  good  lands  yet  for  sale  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia at  Low  Prices.  Climate,  high  and  healtliful.  Pure  mountain  water  to  be  had  in  abun- 
dance.    Main  line  Southern  Pacific  only  3%   hours  from  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

See  us  at  onee,  as  this  offer  will  not  appear  again 

Western  Irrigation  Land  Bureau 

Water  Bearing  Lands  at  Colony  Prices 

SI  ITK    514  MerclKiiitN    TriiNt    BiiiUling: 

207  So.  Broadway  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


$2500  INCOME 


Yearly  for  Life 


We  are  growing  a  crop  in  California  that  pays  $750  to  $1000  an  acre  the  first  year 
and  every  year.  That  sounds  too  good  to  be  true — but  it  can  be  done  because  it  has  been 
done  and  is  now  being  done.  There  are  no  years  of  waiting  for  profits,  as  in  growing 
oranges,  grapes  or  eucalyptus.     You  get  them  the  first  and  every  year. 

PROFIT  SHARING     B3-  our  plan,  we  plant,  cultivate,   harvest  and  market  the  crop  for 
_  non-residents    and  return  big  profits  yearly.     When  ready  to  take 

possession  of  your  land  you  can  make  $750  to   $1000  from    each    acre   everv   year.     There 
are  no  crop  failures. 

FACTS,  NOT  PROMISES     You   take    no  chances.     Every  dollar  you  invest  is  paid  into 

the    Merchants   Bank  and    Trust  Company  of  Los  Angeles, 
California,  and  paid  out  by  them  only  for  things  done,  not  things  promised. 

OUR  BOOKx.>ET     Tells  the  story  of  this    remarkable    crop    and    how    three    acres    will 
~       '  produce  $2500  to  $3000  yearly.     It   shows  how  you   can   secure   a  life 

income  and  home  in  this  land  of  sunshine  and  flowers  for  little  money. 

Write  for  it  today.     It's  free  and  may  be  worth  thousands  of  dollars  to  you, 


Turkish  American  Tobacco  Corporation 

Suite  C,  505  Central  Building,  Los  Angeles,  California 


Magazine  Clubs  for  1910 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Cosmopolitan    1.00 

American    1.50 


OUR  PRICE  ?2.50;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

American    1.50 

Good  Housekeeping   1.2B 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.25 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

American    1.50 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Good  Housekeeping    1.25 

Cosmopolitan    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.75 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Cosmopolitan    1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.50;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Country   Life    4.00 

Outingr 3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $5.50;  value  $8.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Country   Life    4.00 

Leslie's  Weekly   5.00 


OUR  PRICE  $6.00;  value  $10.50 

OUT  WEST   '.$1.50 

Delineator    1.00 

Everybody's     1.50 


OUR  PRICE  $3.05;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Designer    1.00 

Success    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $2.30;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Forest  and  Stream   3.00 

National  Sportsman    1.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST    $1.50 

Forest  and  Stream   3.00 

Outing    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $5.50;  value  $7.50 

OUT  WEST   ■ $1.50 

Good  Housekeeping 1.25 

Suburban   Life    3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $5.75 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Hampton's  Magazine    ....    1.50 
Review  of  Reviews 3.00 


OUR  PRICE  $3.60;  value  $6.00 


OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Hampton's  Magazine    ....    1.50 
Woman's  Home  Comp'n..    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Harper's  Magazine    4.00 

Good  Housekeeping    1.25 

OUR  PRICE  $5.20;  value  $6.75 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Harper's  Magazine    4.00 

World  To-Day    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $5.20;  value  $7.00 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Human    Life    1.00 

National  Magazine    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $2.85;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Human    Life    1.00 

Success    1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $2.65;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Independent     2.00 

Review  of  Reviews 3.00 

OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $6.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Independent     2.00 

Success    1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $3.25;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

McClure's     1.50 

Review  of  Reviews 3.00 

OUR  PRICE  $4.00;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

McClure's     1.50 

Woman's  Home  Comp'n.  .    1.25 

OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.25 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

National   Sportsman    1.00 

Great  Southwest   1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $2.45;  value  $3.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

National   Sportsman    1.00 

Outdoor  Life   1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.05;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

National   Sportsman    1.00 

Sunset     1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $2.80;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

National  Magazine    ......    1.50 

Designer    1.00 

Success    1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $3.20;  value  $5.00 


OUT  WEST    $1.50 

National  Magazine    1.50 

Great  Southwest    1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $2.60;  value  $4.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Outing    3.00 

National  Magazine    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $4.45;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Outing    3.00 

Sunset    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Outing     3.00 

National  Sportsman    1.00 

OUR  PRICE  $4.30;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Pearson's  Magazine    1.50 

Outing    3.00 

OUR  PRICE  $4.55;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Pearson's  Magazine    1.50 

Scribner's   3.00 

OUR    PRICE  $4.80;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Pearson's  Magazine    1.50 

Sunset    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.05;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Sunset   1.50 

American    1.50 

OUR    PRICE  $2.75;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

Sunset 1.50 

Woman's  Home  Comp'n..   1.25 

OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.25 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

Sunset    1.50 

World   To-Day    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.10;  value  $4.50 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

World's   Work    3.00 

Delineator    I.OO 

OUR  PRICE  $3.55;  value  $5.50 

OUT  WEST $1.50 

World's    Work    3.00 

Everybody's     1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.50;  value  $6.00 

OUT  WEST   $1.50 

World   To-Day    1.50 

Hampton's    1.50 

OUR  PRICE  $3.00;  value  $4.50 


Write  for  prices  on  any  magaxine  or  club. 

Established  agents  nlaI^  talce  orders  for  any  of  these  clubs  at  the  above  prices,  and  retain 
the  reg-ular  commission.  Anyone  desiring  to  become  an  agent  may  do  so  by  sending  ttvo 
orders  with  first  remittance. 

PACIFIC  SUBSCRIPTION  COMPANY 


315  Mason  Opera  House  Bldg. 


Los  Angeles,  California 


MAGAZINE  BARGAINS 


We  Have  made  a  select  list    for    I9lO  —  ORDER.  NOW^,    as   many   publisHers 
■will   soon   increase  tKeir  subscription    price. 


OUT  WEST  and 


Total 
Value 

Ainslee's  Magazine    $3.30 

American    Boy    2.50 

American   Farm   Review 1.75 

American    Homes   &    Gardens..  4.50 

American  Home  Montlily    2.50 

American    Magazine    3.00 

American   Piiotograpiiy    3.00 

American  Poultry  Advocate  . . .  2.00 

American    Poultry   Journal    . .  .  2.00 

American  Thresherman    2.50 

Argonaut    5.50 

Atlantic    Monthly    5.50 

Black  Cat    2.50 

Blue    Book    3.00 

Bohemian    3.00 

Book-keeper    2.50 

Bookman     . 4.00 

Breeder's    Gazette    3.25 

Burr  Mcintosh   Monthly    4.50 

California    Cultivator 2.50 

Cassier's   Magazine    4.50 

Century  Magazine    5.50 

Children's  Magazine    2.50 

Christian   Herald    (N.   Y.) 3.00 

Commoner     2.50 

Cosmopolitan    2.50 

Country  Life   in  America 5.50 

Craftsman    4.50 

Current   Literature    4.50 

Delineator     2.50 

Designer    2.25 

Dressmaking  at  Home 2.50 

Educational    Foundations 2.75 

Electric  Railway  Journal    4.50 

Electrical    World    4.50 

Engineering    News    6.50 

Engineering  Record    4.50 

Etude    (for  music   lovers)    ....  3.00 

Everybody's    3.00 

Fanciers'  Monthly    2.25 

Farm  and  Ranch 2.50 

Farm  Journal    (5  years) 2.50 

Farm   Poultry    2.00 

Field   and   Stream    3.00 

Forest  and  Stream 4.50 

Forum     3.50 

Game  Fanciers'  Journal    2.00 

Garden  Magazine   2.50 

Gentlewoman    1.70 

Good    Housekeeping    2.75 

Good  Literature   1.85 

Graphic    4.00 

Great  Southwest 2.50 

Green's   Fruit   Grower    2.00 

Green  Book  Album   3.00 

Grizzly   Bear    2.50 

Gunter's  Magazine    3.00 

Hampton's  Magazine 3.00 

Harper's  Bazar   2.50 

Harper's   Magazine    5.50 

Harper's  Weekly    5.50 

Health    2.50 

Health  Culture  Magazine 2.50 

Holland's    Magazine    2.50 

Home  Needlework    2.25 

House  and  Garden   4.50 

House  Beautiful   4.00 

Housewife     1.85 

Human  Life   2.50 

Hunter-Trader-Trapper    2.50 

Independent    4.50 

Inland  Poultry  Journal 2.00 

Jeffersonian  (weekly) 2.50 

Judge 6.50 


OUT  WEST  and      '^"^,^1  co.t 

for  $2.65  Ladies'   World    2.00  "  1.65 

1.95  Leslie's  Weekly   6.50  "  4.90 

1.50  Life 6.50  "  5.55 

3.80  Lippincott's  Magazine 4.00  "  3.05 

1.80  Little   Folks    (Salem)    new 2.50  "  2.10 

2.00  McCall's  Mag.   and  Pattern 2.00  "  l.ttO 

"       2.30  McClure's   Magazine    3.00  "  2.45 

1.55  Magazine  of  Mysteries 2.50  "  1.90 

1.60  Metropolitan  and  Rural  Home.  1.70  "  1.50 

1.80  Metropolitan  Magazine 3.00  "  1.95 

4.45  Modern  Priscilla 2.25  "  1.80 

4.80  Motor    Boat    3.50  "  2.90 

1.90  Musician     3.00  "  2.30 

*'       2.55  National  Home  Journal 2.00  "  1.60 

"       2.30  National  Magazine 3.00  "  2.20 

"       1.95  National    Sportsman    2.50  "  2.05 

"       3.40  New  England  Homestead 2.50  "  2.05 

"       2.20  New  England  Magazine 3.00  "  2.65 

3.55  New  Idea   (N.  Y.)   fashions 2.00  "  1.65 

2.05  Normal   Instructor 2.25  "  1.75 

3.80  North  American  Review 5.50  "  4.50 

4.90  Orange  Judd  Farmer 2.50  "  2.05 

1.95  Outdoor   Life    3.00  "  2.30 

2.30  Outing  Magazine 4.50  "  3.55 

1.80  Outlook    4.50  "  3.80 

2.00  Overland  Monthly 3.00  "  2.30 

4.30  Pacific    Monthly    3.00  "  2.05 

"       3.65  Pearson's  Magazine 3.00  "  2.30 

"       3.55  People's  Home  Journal 1.85  "  1.50 

2.20  Petaluma  Weekly  Poultry  J'rn'l  2.50  "  1.80 

1.80  Pet  Stock  Magazine 2.00  "  1.60 

"        1.96  Photo    Era    3.00  "  2.05 

2.30  Physical  Culture 2.50  "  2.05 

"       4.00  Pictorial  Review  and  pattern.  .  .  2.50  "  2.00 

4.00  Popular  Science  Monthly 2.50  "  2.05 

6.05  Poultry  Culture 2.00  "  1..'55 

"       4.00  Poultry   Herald    2.00  "  1.50 

2.45  Poultry  Keeper 2.00  "  1.55 

"       2.40  Poultry   Success    2.00  "  1.60 

1.80  Primary   Plans    2.50  "  1.90 

2.06  Puck    6.50  "  5.30 

1.96  Putnam's  Magazine 4.50  "  2.80 

1.56  Recreation 4.50  "  3.55 

2.30  Red  Book 3.00  "  2.55 

3.25  Reliable  Poultry  Journal 2.00  "  1.55 

2.90  Review  of  Reviews 4.50  "  3.30 

1.65  School   Journal    2.50  "  2.10 

"       2.00  Scientific  American    4.50  "  3.90 

IJSO  Scribner's  Magazine    4.00  "  3.80 

2.00  Short  Stories   3.00  "  2.30 

1J50  Smart    Set     4.50  "  2.80 

"       3.40  Smith's  Magazine   3.00  "  2.50 

1.70  Southern    Cultivator    2.50  "  1.90 

1.66  St.   Nicholas    4.50  "  3.90 

2.55  Strand   Magazine    3.00  "  2.70 

1.95  Suburban  Life   4.50  "  3.30 

2.50  Success     2.50  **  2.00 

2.30  Sunset    Magazine    3.00  "  2.05 

1.95  Teacher's  Magazine 2.50  "  2.10 

4.80  Technical  World  Magazine  ....  3.00  "  2.30 

4.80  Theatre  Magazine    5.00  "  4.00 

1.80  Toilettes    3.50  "  2.80 

1.95  Travel   Magazine    3.00  "  2.30 

2.05  Van  Norden  Magazine 3.00  "  2.20 

1.90  Vogue    5.50  "  4.80 

3.55  Watson's    Jeffersonian 2.50  "  1.80 

3.60  West  Coast  Magazine 2.50  "  1.80 

1.50  Whist    2.50  "  2.20 

'*       1.95  Woman's  Home  Companion....  3.00  "  2.20 

2.05  Woman's  National  Daily 2.50  "  1.90 

3.30  World    To-Day    3.00  "  2.00 

1.55  World's  Chronicle    3.00  "  2.05 

1.95  World's  Work    4.50  "  3.55 

5.90  Young's   Magazine    3.00  "  2-?0 


ALL  SUBSCRIPTIONS  ARE  FOR  ONE  FULL  YEAR.  Subscriptions  may  be  new,  renewal,  or 
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WHAT   THE   VOLUME    WILL   CONTAIN 


Chap. 
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Chan. 
Retail 


I — Opportunities  for  the   Homeseeker- 
T.  P.  Keator 


Chap. 
Chap. 
Chap. 
Chap. 


II — What  Mexico  offers  the  Investor — 
S.  M.  Emory 

III — -American  Plantations  —  Lucille 
Wetherell 

IV— Tropical  Agricultural — H.  G.  Hast- 
ings. 

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D.  Hornaday 

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Griner 

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J.  Kerr 

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tics — Judge  Robert  J.  Kerr 

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Kerr 

X — Henequin   Fiber — Dunn's   Review 

Price — Paper  Cover  25c. — Cloth   Bound  50c.     Sp 
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Chap. 
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Chao. 
Chap. 
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Chap. 
Chap. 
Chap. 
Chap. 
Chap. 


XI— The    ^laguey    Plant- — Internatii 

Bureau  of  American  Republics 
XII — Zupupe  Culture — Russell  Hastings 

Mill  ward 
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Miller. 
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Olssen-Seffer 
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Metcalfe 
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XX 1 11 — Dairy  Farming 
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Eucalyptus  Gloisulus,  on  Ranch  of  Ellwood  Cooper,  Santa  Barbara 
Trees  are  24  years  old ;  the  largest  equal  in  diameter  to  oaks  over  200  years  old. 


THE    NATION    BACK    OF    US,    THE    WORLD    IN    FRONT 


mmmifdsw^ 


Out¥E5r 


I  i    I 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  4-  NOVEMBER.   1909 

THE  EUCAUYPTS  OF  THE  SOUTHWEST 

By  ALFRED  JAMES  McCLATCHIE* 

"^  ^  ^  y     OTANISTS  recognize  some   150  species,  more 

or  less,  of  the  genus  Eucalyptus.  To  dis- 
criminate accurately  each  species  among  so 
large  a  number  taxes  the  ability  of  even  the 
best  botanist  in  the  world.  Hence  it  is  not 
surprising  that  laymen  are  confused  as  to  their 
right  names.  Well-established  common  names 
for  them  are  very  few,  compared  with  the  total 
number  of  species.  These  trees  have  been  known 
to  the  civilized  world  for  such  a  comparatively 
ort  time  that  satisfactory  popular  names  have  not 
been  assigned  to  many  of  the  numerous  species.  This 
makes  it  necessary  to  use  the  scientific  names  in  discussing  separate 
species.  As  there  are  already  over  fifty  different  species  of  Eucalypts 
growing  in  the  Southwest,  it  will  undoubtedly  be  many  years  before 
a  large  proportion  of  them  will  come  to  be  known  by  well-estab- 
lished common  names  that  will  take  the  place  of  the  scientific  ones 
that  at  present  must  be  used. 

The  Blue  Gum  (Ecalyptus  globulus)  is  one  of  a  very  few 
species  that  can  be  said  to  have  an  established  common  name 
here.  It  is  the  best-known  Eucalypt.  and  is  in  many  respects 
the  best-known  forest-tree  in  the  world.  It  is  indigenous  to 
Tasmania  and  the  neighboring  part  of  Australia,  where  it 
grows  in  valleys  and  on  moist  declivities  of  mountains.  In  similar 
climatic  situations  it  makes  a  marvellous  growth  wherever  it  has 
been  introduced,  and  attains  arboreal  proportions  in  a  great  variety 
of  unfavorable  situations  much  more  rapidly  than  other  trees. 
Upon  account  of  the  comparatively  large  size  of  its  seeds,  Ihe  ease 
with  which  it  is  propagated,  and  it  rapid  growth  from  the  very 
start,  it  has  been  planted  more  extensively  than  all  other  species 
combined.     In   fact,  the  words  Eucalyptus  and  Eucalypt  mean  to. 

*Many  of  the  illustrations  for  this  article  are  from  photographs  made  for 
the  Deprirtment  of  Agriculture.  The  article  itself  is  reprinted  at  the 
request   of  many   readers  from    Out   West  for   May,    1904. 


Eucalyptus  Rudis,  Minnewawa  Ranch,  Fresno 
Tree  twelve  years  old;  trunk  two  feet  in  diameter. 


Eucalyptus  Viminalis,  Pasadena    (26  Years  Old) 


THE    BUCALYPTS     OP     THE    SOUTHWEST       845 

most  people  the  Blue  Gum.  It  is  so  common  and  so  conspicuous 
compared  with  most  other  species  that  the  fact  that  there  are  others 
is  ahnost  lost  sight  of  by  laymen. 

The  Blue  Gum  was  the  first  Eucalypt  to  gain  favor  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  has  been  planted  almost  to  the  exclusion  of  others. 
Its  merits  are  many,  but  for  some  purposes  and  some  locations 
other  species  are  much  more  desirable.  The  tree  has  the  power 
of  adapting  itself  to  a  great  variety  of  climatic  and  soil  condi- 
tions. It  thrives  in  moist,  warm  regions,  in  c[uite  dry,  hot  ones, 
in  lowlands  and  in  stony  uplands.  Wherever  the  mercury  does 
not  fall  below  25  degrees  in  winter  nor  rise  above  105  degrees 
F.  in  summer,  and  the  annual  rainfall  is  eight  to  twenty  inches, 
the  Blue  Gum  will  grow.  It  is  the  species  commonly^  grown  for 
shade,  for  windbreaks,  for  fuel,  and  for  piles  in  California,  and 
the  one  from  whose  leaves  most  of  the  Eucalyptus  oil  is  distilled. 
It  is  less  ornamental  than  many  other  species,  but  few,  if  any, 
surpass  the  Blue  Gum  in  general  usefulness. 

The  ease  with  which  it  is  propagated,  its  rapidity  of  growth, 
and  its  general  usefulness  in  California  have  caused  the  _  Blue 
Gum  to  be  the  species  of  Eucalyptus  that  has  been  first  and  most 
generally  tried  in  other  sections  of  the  south  and  west.  In  many 
cases  it  has  proven  unsuited  to  particular  regions,  and  the  resulting 
inference  has  been  that  Eucalypts  could  not  be  grown  in  them. 
The  discouraging  outcome  of  the  trial  of  a  single  supposedly-prom- 
ising species  has  thus  delayed  the  introduction  of  Eucalypts  into 
many  parts  of  the  country  where  they  might  be  successfully  and 
advantageously  grown. 

Next  to  the  Blue  Gum,  the  best  known  Eucalypt  name  for 
many  years  was  "Red  Gum".  This  name  has  been  applied  in- 
discriminately to  several  species,  dififering  widely  in  appearance 
and  characteristics.  In  fact,  when  the  writer  came  to  California 
thirteen  years  ago,  he  was  wisely  informed  by  a  sixteen-year 
resident  that  there  were  two  kinds  of  Eucalypts  in  California, 
the  Blue  Gum  and  the  Red  Gum.  The  latter  name  is  properly 
applied  to  E.  rostrata,  one  of  the  most  useful  of  all  Australian 
trees.  It  does  not  grow  quite  as  rapidly  as  the  Blue  Gum,  but 
it  endures  greater  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  withstands  more 
drouth,  and  furnishes  timber  that  is  more  durable.  In.  Australia 
it  is  used  for  lumber,  for  ship  and  bridge  building,  for  telegraph 
poles,  for  posts,  and  for  piles.  It  deserves  to  be  planted  much 
more  extensively  than  it  has  been.  For  many  interior  dry  regions 
it  is  much  better  suited  than  the  Blue  Gum.  Plantations  serving 
as  a  forest  cover  for  ravines,  hillsides,  and  dry  plains  will  within 
a  decade  begin  to  be  sources  of  posts,  fuel,  railway  ties,  telegraph 
poles,   and   bridge   timbers,   and   would   eventually   produce   timber 


Eucalyptus  Globulus 


Eucalyptus  Callophylla 


848  OUT     W  EST 

suitable  for  many  other  important  purposes.  Such  plantings  made 
along  the  lines  of  railroads  would  furnish  material  for  keeping 
them  in  repair  and  making  extensions,  besides  supplying  telephone 
and  telegraph  poles  within  easy  reach  of  the  points  where  they 
would  be  needed. 

Another  species  to  which  the  name  of  "Red  Gum"  may  be 
properly  applied  is  E.  tereticornis.  It  resembles  E.  rostrata  quite 
closely,  but  in  most  situations  grows  more  rapidly,  forming 
straighter  and  more  erect  trunks.  Its  timber  is  nearly,  if  not  quite, 
as  valuable  as  that  of  E.  rostrata.  In  Australia  it  is  generally 
known  as  Forest  Red  Gum,  being  highly  prized  for  a  great  variety 
of  purposes.  The  Manna  Gum  -(E.  viminaHs)  and  the  Swamp 
Mahogany  (E.  robusta)  are  both  improperly  called  "Red  Gums'' 
in  California.  Both  are  inferior  in  nearly  all  respects  to  the 
true  Red  Gums.  The  former  grows  nearly  as  rapidly  as  the  Blue 
Gum,  and  endures  greater  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  but  produces 
a  timber  that  is  less  valuable.  The  latter  has  been  much  grown 
as  an  avenue  shade  tree,  but  has  disappointed  many  who  have 
planted  it.  During  the  early  years  of  its  growth  it  is  showy  and 
somewhat  attractive,  becoming  quite  coarse  in  appearance  and  slower 
of  growth  as  it  gets  older. 

For  an  avenue  tree  the  Sugar  Gum  (E.  corynocalyx)  has  proven 
quite  satisfactory.  It  maintains  its  early  rate  of  growth  and  ap- 
pearance well  and  blooms  profusely  during  several  months  of 
the  year.  But  this  species  is  much  more  valuable  as  a  forest  and 
timber  tree  than  as  a  shade  or  ornamental  one.  It  endures  greater 
heat  and  more  drouth  than  the  Blue  Gum,  in  most  situations 
makes  nearly  as  rapid  a  growth,  and  furnishes  a  timber  that  is 
much  more  durable.  The  Sugar  Gum  deserves  to  be  planted  much 
more  generally  and  upon  a  much  .larger  scale  than  it  has  been, 
being  as  it  is  one  of  the  most  generally  useful  species  of  the  genus. 
Its  erect,  even  trunks  furnish  lasting  posts,  railway  ties,  and  tele- 
phone and  telegraph  poles.  In  most  dry  interior  situations  it 
should  be  set  in  preference  to  the  Blue  Gum. 

For  a  shade  and  ornamental  tree,  the  Red  Box  (E.  polyanthema) 
is  in  many  respects  more  satisfactory  than  any  species  previously 
mentioned.  The  spreading  habit  of  the  tree,  with  its  persistent, 
slightly-furrowed,  grayish  bark,  its  characteristic  foliage  of  ashy  or 
dull-green  hued  leaves,  its  profuse  bloom  of  dainty  whitish  flowers,' 
and  its  goblet-shaped  seed-cases,  present  a  very  pleasing  appear- 
ance. Its  growth  is  not  rapid,  but  it  is  steady,  and  the  -  early 
rate  long-maintained.  The  older  trees  have  a  compact  substantial 
appearance  not  possessed  by  many  other  Eucalypts.  Besides  the 
above  desirable  characteristics,  it  is  remarkably  hardy  to  both  heat 
and  cold,  it  being  one  of  the  few  tested  at  the  Experiment  Station 


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H  ,|HB^^^ 

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■  «*^^^A  vHfl 

I^^^BBI  .Vi^K^ 

i^y\  v^KJtX            f 

luCALVPTUS   MeI.IODORA 


Eucalyptus  Tereticornis 


-_J 


Eucalyptus  Citriodora 
Ellwood  Cooper's  Ranch,  Santa  Barbara,   (15  years  old). 


852  .     OU  r     W  li  6  7 

farm  near  Phoenix  that  has  been  entirely  uninjured  by  either  the 
frosts  of  winter  or  the  heat  of  summer.  The  tree,  when  grown, 
furnishes  a  very  hard,  strong  and  .durable  timber  that  is  useful 
for  a  great  variety  of  purposes.  It  is  worthy  of  being  planted 
freely,  especially  in  regions  too  frosty  or  too  hot  for  faster-growing 
species. 

Another  species  that  possesses  the  combined  merits  of  attrac- 
tiveness and  usefulness  is  the  Lemon-scented  Gum  (E.  citriodora). 
It  is  a  fast-growing  tree,  usually  soon  becoming  tall  and  slender; 
its  trunk  is  straight  and  even,  its  light-colored  bark  mottled  by 
the  flaking  off  of  thin  patches,  its  foliage  graceful  and  delightfully 
fragrant,  and  its  bloom  profuse  and  conspicuous.  The  lemon- 
scented  odor  exhaled  by  the  crushed  leaves  gives  the  tree  its 
specific  name,  citriodora.  The  tree  does  not  endure  heavy  frosts, 
being  particularly  adapted  to  a  moist  tropical  or  semi-tropical  clime. 
It  furnishes  a  beautiful,  yellowish  or  brownish  wood  that  is  strong, 
flexible,  and  durable.  In  Australia  it  is  used  for  the  inside  wood- 
work of  homes,  for  carriages,  and  for  railway  coaches.  In  the 
Southwest,  where  the  good  hardwood  timber  for  many  purposes 
comes  from  the  opposite  quarter  of  the  country,  coast-region 
planters  of  Eucalypts  would  do  well  to  consider  the  many  merits 
of  this  excellent,   fast-growing  tree. 

The  Red  Iron-bark  (E.  sideroxylon)  is  still  another  species 
that  is  both  attractive  and  very  useful.  Usually  erect  in  growth 
and  of  medium  height,  with  numerous  side  branches,  graceful 
foliage  and  pinkish  or  red  bloom,  it  is  one  of  the  most  attractive 
trees  of  the  genus.  Its  deeply  furrowed,  dark-red  or  brownish 
bark  is  the  darkest  in  color  and  the  hardest  of  the  Iron-barks. 
The  whole  appearance  of  the  tree,  with  its  rough,  dark  bark,  its 
silvery,  narrow  leaves,  and  its  daintily-colored  flowers,  is  quite 
distinctive,  contrasting  strongly  with  the  smooth-barked,  broader- 
leaved  species.  It  furnishes  a  dark-red  wood  that  is  hard  and 
heavy,  and  very  strong  and  durable.  In  Australia  the  Red  Iron- 
bark  is  most  abundant  in  the  stony,  sterile  portions  of  gold-pro- 
ducing districts.  In  California  it  thrives  in  dry  soil  near  the  coast 
and  on  the  plains  and  hillsides  of  some  of  the- interior  valleys,  but 
is  unsuited  to  excessively  hot  dry  regions.  Because  of  its  beauty 
and  the  great  usefulness  of. its  timber,  the  tree  is  worthy  of  culture 
wherever  soil  and  climatic  conditions  are  favorable.  On  account 
of  a  more  or  less  close  resemblance  of  the  foliage  and  flowers,  a 
very  different  and  inferior  tree  (E.  leucoxylon)  has  been  by 
herbarium  botanists  confused  with  the  Red  Iron-bark.  It  is  much 
more  hardy  to  heat  and  cold  than  the  latter,  but  produces  a  crooked 
inferior  timber.  It  may  be  readily  distinguished  by  its  smooth, 
light-colored  bark  and  its  white  wood. 


EUCALVI'TUS    CiTKlODCKA 


Eucalyptus  Rostrata 
Eastlake  Park,  Los  Angeles. 


Eucalyptus  Diversicolor,  South   Pasadena,  California 


856  our     WEST 

Two  trees  that  differ  widely  as  to  appearance,  endurance  of 
climatic  conditions,  and  the  character  of  its  timber  are  E.  gunnii 
and  E.  microtheca.  The  former  endures  lower  temperatures  than 
most  other  Eucalypts,  extending  on  Australian  mountains  to  an 
elevation  of  4,000  to  5,000  feet,  but  is  seldom  very  attractive  in 
appearance.  In  valleys  of  the  Southwest  it  grows  continuously 
during  the  winter,  even  though  the  temperature  falls  below  freez- 
ing each  night,  but  is  injured  by  the  excessively  hot,  dry  weather 
of  summer.  Consequently  it  is  evidently  well  suited  to  all  mod- 
erately elevated  mountain  situations  of  the  Southwest.  E.  micro- 
theca, on  the  other  hand,  is  a  denizen  of  hot  deserts,  where  the 
soil  is  gravelly  and  apparently  void  of  moisture.  It  is  said  by 
Baron  Von  Mueller  to  endure  uninjured  temperatures  as  high  as 
125  degrees  to  150  degrees  F.  It  has  been  grown  only  to  a  limited 
extent  in  our  country,  but  deserves  trial  in  the  hot,  dry  interior. 
The  tree  has  a  pleasing  appearance,  the  bark  being  peculiarly  fur- 
rowed, the  foliage  graceful,  and  the  flowers  dainty.  It  furnishes  a 
dark-red,  or  brown,  excessively  hard  wood  that,  on  account  of 
its  color  and  markings,  is  useful  for  cabinet-work. 

The  endurance  of  low  and  high  temperatures  that  characterizes 
separately  the  two  species  just  discussed  is  found  to  a  great  ex- 
tent in  a  single  species,  until  recently  little  known.  About  fifteen 
years  ago  the  proprietor  of  the  Minnewawa  ranch  near  Fresno 
ordered  from  San  Francisco  and  set  out  a  grove  of  Eucalypts  that 
later  proved  to  be  E.  rudis,  a  comparatively  obscure  Australian 
species.  The  trees  attracted  the  attention  of  nurserymen  and  others 
of  the  region,  and  from  seed  from  them  have  been  grown  great 
numbers  of  young  trees.  It  has  been  found  that  they  endure 
greater  extremes  of  heat  and  cold  than  any  other  Eucalypt  that 
has  been  tried  in  the  Southwest,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
E.  polyanthema.  But  unlike  the  latter,  E.  rudis  makes  a  rapid 
growth,  surpassing  the  Blue  Gum  in  this  respect  in  many  localities. 
Experiments  at  the  Station  Farm  near  Phoenix  have  demonstrated 
that  it  is  suited  to  the  trying  climatic  conditions  of  that  region, 
being  uninjured  by  either  the  heat  of  summer  or  the  frosts  of 
winter.  The  wood  seems  to  be  as  valuable  as  that  of  the  Blue 
Gum.  Eucalyptus  rudis  seems  to  be  the  species  that  is  destined 
to  be  planted  extensively  throughout  the  parts  of  the  Southwest 
having  trying  climatic  condition. 

So  varied  in  characteristics  and  in  their  relation  to  climate  and 
soil  are  the  different  species  of  the  genus  Eucalyptus,  that  a  suitable 
one  exists  for  each  of  the  numerous  purposes  for  which  trees  are 
grown,  and  for  nearly  all  situations  in  the  Southwest.  For  an 
ornamental  and  timber  tree  in  the  moister  regions  free  from  heavy 
frosts  the  Lemon-scented  Gum  is  well  adapted.     For  torrid  desert 


;*^^y, 


^h*^-y    ■■"% 


-^^fMffe 


Eucalyptus  Corynocalyx,  near  Compton- 


858  OUT     WEST 

situations  E.  microtheca  is  available,  and  for  frost)'  mountain  situa- 
tions, E.  gunnii.  Between  these  extremes,  are  E.  globulus,  E. 
rostrata,  E.  tereticornis,  E.  corynocalyx,  E.  sideroxylon,  and  many 
others  that  thrive  in  regions  free  from  extremes  of  temperature 
and  humidity  and  furnish  timber  that  is  valuable  for  an  almost 
endless  variety  of  purposes.  Then  there  are  E.  polyanthema  and 
E.  rudis,  the  one  rather  slow-growing,  and  the  other  rapid-growing, 
that  endure  great  extremes  of  climatic  conditions,  and  are  service- 
able for  shade,  for  fuel,  for  windbreaks,  and  for  numerous  other 
useful  purposes. 

Though  the  role  the  Eucalypts  have  been  playing  in  the  South- 
west is  a  very  important  one,  the  role  that  they  are  destined 
to  play  in  the  future  will  be  of  greater  and  increasingly  greater 
importance.  The  commercial  uses  to  which  these  trees  have  been 
put  heretofore  are  of  the  grosser  sort  compared  with  those  to 
which  they  will  be  put  in  the  future.  Furnishing  posts  for  fences, 
piles  for  wharves,  and  fuel  for  the  fireside  and  for  driving  the 
wheels  of  industries  is  an  important  office,  and  one  which  the 
Eucalypts  may  well  continue  to  fill.  But  not  until  the  timber  is 
cut  into  lumber  and  given  the  multitude  of  shapes  for  which  the 
various  species  are  so  well  adapted  will  these  trees  play  the  part 
in  our  Southwestern  civilization  for  which  they  are  best  fitted. 

We  bring  from  various  parts  of  the  United  States  ready-made 
tools,  implements,  furniture,  carriages,  and  street  cars,  constructed 
from  trees  that  can  never  be  duplicated.  We  finish  our  dwellings 
with  material  cut  from  hard^yood  trees  that  have  stood  many  years 
longer  than  has  our  government — trees  that  were  an  essential 
feature  of  the  landscape  of  the  region  in  which  they  grew.  Instead 
of  marring  the  beauty  of  our  country  and  depleting  native  forests 
that  have  been  hundreds  of  years  in  growing,  we  can  grow  in 
the  Southwest,  for  material  for  our  implements,  our  furniture, 
our  carriages,  our  street  cars,  our  railway  coaches,  and  our  dwell- 
ings, trees  that  after  being  cut  for  the  use  of  one  generation  will 
put   forth  a  fresh  growth  that  will   furnish  timber  for  the  next. 

Collectively,  then,  the  various  species  of  Eucalypts  are  destined 
to  play  a  very  prominent  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Southwest, 
their  role  being  the  clothing  of  the  naked  unproductive  portions 
with  garments  of  beauty  and  utility ;  the  tempering  of  the  winds  and 
the  rays  of  the  sun ;  the  yielding  of  honey  for  the  delectation  of 
the  palate  and  of  oil  for  the  healing  of  wounds  and  maladies ;  the 
production  of  fuel  for  the  fireside  and  the  factory ;  the  supplying 
of  ties  for  railways,  posts  for  fences,  piles  for  wharves,  timbers 
for  bridges,  and  poles  for  trolley,  telephone  and  telegraph  lines ; 
the  furnishing  of  material  for  implements,  for  vehicles,  for  furni- 
ture, and  for  the  embellishment  of  our  dwelling  houses ;  the  saving 
of  millions  of  our  native  trees  by  producing  in  a  single  decade 
material  for  this  multitude  of  purposes. 


Eucalyptus  Sideroxylon,  Montecito,  California 


860 

THE  LAST  MILITARY  EXPEDITION  OF  THE 
SPANIARDS  INTO  THE  NORTH- 
WESTERN PLAINS 

1720 

By  AD.  F.  BANDELIER 
Y  FIRST  durable  impression  of  the  desert  western 
plains  was  obtained  in  1880  at  the  station  "La  Junta" 
of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  railroad,  where 
I  had  been  unloaded  to  wait  for  the  next  train  going  to 
Santa  Fe.  It  was  a  cloudless  day  and  I  was  eager  to 
spend  it  walking  about  the  swellings  near  the  Arkansas  river,  ob- 
serving the  insect  life  that  flitted,  buzzed  and  crawled  around 
and  on  the  yellow-blossoming  shrubs — and  above  all  to  obtain  a 
glimpse  at  the  characteristic  landscape. 

It  was  then  deserted  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach.  The  buffalo 
had  just  gone,  with  it  the  Indian ;  and  civilized  man  had  not  yet  had 
time  to  make  a  lasting  impression.  On  both  sides  of  the  railroad 
track,  solitudes  extended,  in  appearance  boundless,  covered  with 
low  vegetation  already  beginning  to  fade.  To  the  east  the  same 
dreary  monotony  prevailed,  barely  afifected  by  the  line  of  trees 
along"  the  Arkansas  river.  In  the  west  it  seemed  as  if  the  horizon 
were  as  sharply  cut  off  as  on  the  ocean,  although  there  were  sinuosi- 
ties rising  above  it  in  places.  Above  such  sinuosities  three  moun- 
tains arose  in  the  distance,  unconnected  with  each  other — the 
"Huajatoyas"  (Spanish  Peaks),  the  "Cuerno  Verde"  (Green  Horn 
Mountains)  and  far  far-away  Pike's  Peak  like  a  silvery  miniature. 
I  was  then  for  the  first  time  impressed  with  the  figure  man  must 
have  cut  (civilized  man)  when  he  entered  upon  these  wastes  in 
former  times,  when,  to  offset  the  commodities  now  offered  to  him 
by  civilization,  he  had  only  the  buffalo  to  depend  upon  and  more 
or  less  hostile  Indians  to  consult. 
I  recalled : 

"The  days  of  old,  the  days  of  gold, 
The  days  of  'Forty-nine." 
In  that  year  I  had  seen,  in  western  Illinois,  now  and  then  a  white- 
covered  wagon  sheltering,  sometimes  a  few  men,  again  a  small 
family,  pass  through  the  village ;  they  were  "bound  for  California" 
across  the  Plains.  How  many  ever  reached  their  goal  cannot  be 
accurately  known,  because  the  number  of  those  who  perished  is 
not  to  be  determined,  neither  is  the  manner  in  which  they  lost  their 
lives.  Very  few  of  the  tragedies  enacted  during  that  time  and  in 
the  course  of  three  succeeding  decades  has  it  been  possible  to  report 
accurately ;  the '  few  survivors  of  early  settlers  in  New  Mexico 
can  tell  of  trains  anxiously  expected  and  that  never  came  in.  Many 
of  these  trains  arrived  safely,  however,  although  sorely  pressed 
by  the  Indians.     It  was  with  one  of  those  trains,  for  instance,  that 


THE  LAST  EXPEDITION  OF  THE  SPANIARDS      8(1 

the  first  Archbishop  of  Santa  Fe,  the  Most  Rev.  J.  B.  Lamy,  was 
compelled  to  handle  a  gun  against  human  beings.  He  did  so,  and, 
when  pulling  the  trigger,  turned  his  face  away.  The  \^ery  Rev. 
Francis  Eguillon,  Vicar  General  of  Santa  Fe,  confessed  to  me 
that  on  that  occasion  he  had  glanced  along  the  line  of  the  barrel 
and  fired,  but  was  greatly  relieved  at  the  fact  that  he  had  not  hurt 
anybody.  Fortunately  for  the  safety  of  the  trains,  these  were 
humane  exceptions. 

Later  on,  I  remember  seeing  the  long  string  of  "Prairie- 
Schooners"  en  route  for  Colorado  and  Kansas.  Their  transit,  while 
not  quite  as  dangerous  as  that  of  their  predecessors  to  California, 
was  still  perilous  enough.  And  the  deceptions  that  awaited  the 
intrepid  travelers  at  the  end  of  their  journey !  One  wagon  passed 
with  a  snow-white  cover,  on  which  were  painted  the  hopeful  words, 
"Kansas  or  Bust."  A  few  months  afterwards  the  same  wagon 
passed  again,  this  time  eastward  bound.  The  legend  had  been 
changed  to:  "Bust,  by  G-D." 

The  expeditions  of  the  Spaniards  into  the  great  western  plains 
in  former  centuries  were  not  always  successful.  In  fact,  success 
with  these  expeditions  meant  only  a  return  to  the  point  of  departure 
with  a  comparatively  small  loss.  Coronado,  in  1541,  was  glad  to 
penetrate  to  southern  Nebraska  and  come  back  to  his  "point  of 
beginning"'  on  the  Rio  Grande.  In  1585  (about),  the  expedition 
of  Humaiia  Leyva  and  Bonilla  entrusted  its  fate  to  the  plains. 
Nothing  very  definite  was  ever  heard  from  it.  It  perished  on  the 
plains,  and  the  only  survival,  a  boy,  afterward  said  the  Indians 
had  set  the  grass  on  fire  around  the  Spanish  camp  and  thus  de- 
stroyed the  whole  outfit.  It  is  possible  that  more  attempts  were 
made  from  Santa  Fe  in  the  course  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
One  of  these,  the  expedition  of  Diego  de  Peiialosa  Brizeiio,  much 
controverted,  is  by  no  means  improbable,  but  its  exit  was,  under  all 
circumstances,  like  that  secured  by  the  king  of  France,  who 

" with  twenty  thousand  men. 

Marched  up  the  hill,  and  then — marched  down  ag  lin." 
Whoever  Penalosa  may  have  been  (and  he  was  by  no  means  a 
reputable  character)  his  later  intrigues  in  England  and  France 
created  for  Spain  some  apprehensions  for  the  safety  of  its  most 
northern  colonies  like  New  Mexico.-  Although  the  plains  were  a 
formidable  barrier  between  the  West  and  the  East,  the  very  Spanish 
explorations  through  them  showed  that  they  were  not  impassable. 

On  the  more-or-less  annual  journeys  made  by  the  Pueblo  Indians 
to  the  "Bufifalo-country"  or  the  "great  plaiils,"  these  village  Indians 
came  in  contact  with  aborigines  of  northern  stock,  and  captives 
resulting  from  such  contact  were  transferred  to  the  Spaniards.  W^e 
find  Pawnees,  under  the  name  of  '-Pananas,"  at  El  Paso  del  Norte 


862  OUT    WEST 

before  1680.  But  while  the  tales  told  by  such  made  but  vague 
impressions  upon  the  Spanish  mind,  their  attention  became  directed 
to  the  countries  north  of  New  Mexico  by  comparatively  unim- 
portant incidents.  In  history,  however,  nothing  is  insignificant ; 
the  apparently  casual  not  infrequently  plays  the  part  of  an  over- 
turned leaf,  a  broken  twig,  the  moist  surface  of  a  pebble,  on  an 
obliterated  trail. 

In  the  first  years  of  the  eighteenth  century  a  case  of  Indian 
witchcraft  (unimportant  in  reality)  agitated  the  minds  of  the 
Indians  of  Picuries,  a  once  important  Pueblo  in  northern  New 
Mexico.  They  became  so  excited  that,  yielding  to  the  instigations 
of  the  Yutes  and  some  Comanches,  they  abandoned  their  village 
in  the  mountains  in  1704  and  moved  to  the  plains  north  of  Taos, 
possibly  about  350  miles  north  of  Santa  Fe.  The  place  was  already 
known  to  the  Spaniards  as  "El  Quartelejo,"  and  a  vague  tradition 
intimates  that  the  Picuries  Indians  had  temporarily  resided  there 
in  the  second  half  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The  Picuries  were 
brought  back  to  their  old  home  in  New  Mexico  in  1706,  and  it  is 
not  yet  known  whether  or  not  their  short  stay  in  the  plains  left  any 
architectural  traces.  At  any  rate,  their  flight  to  the  "Quartelejo" 
brought  about  more  continuous  intercourse  between  the  Spaniards 
in  northern  New  Mexico  and  roaming  tribes  in  southeastern  Colo- 
rado, and  the  latter  became  so  annoying  that  in  1719  a  military 
reconnoissance  was  set  on  foot  by  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico, 
Don  Antonio  Valverde  y  Cossio,  to  put  an  end  to  marauding  by 
Yutes,  Apache  bands  and  other  nomads,  and  also  to  prepare  the 
ground  for  a  possible  extension  of  Spanish  sway  in  the  direction 
of  and  beyond  the  Arkansas  river. 

The  intrigues  against  Spain,  which  Penalosa  had  conducted  (in 
France  chiefly)  towards  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  had 
awakened  the  Spanish  government  to  the  consciousness  of  a  possi- 
ble danger  to  its  New  Mexican  possessions  from  the  French  in 
Louisiana,  but  at  the  same  time  they  were  placed  on  the  alert 
against  a  similar  danger  coming  from  the  north  through  Canadian 
Frenchmen  penetrating  as  far  as  the  Pawnees  about  the  Platte 
river.  An  eventual  confederacy  of  the  latter  powerful  tribe  with 
the  French  might  have  become  a  serious  menace.  This  discovery 
appears  to  have  been  made  between  1706  and  1719;  hence,  when 
the  expedition  in  the  latter  year  was  organized  at  Santa  Fe,  one 
of  the  chief  advisers  in  the  council  of  war  was  a  Frenchman  of 
the  name  of  Jean  L'Archeveque,  born  at  Bayonne,  in  southern 
France,  in  the  year  1671.  He  came  over  to  Texas  with  the  ex- 
pedition commanded  by  the  celebrated  French  explorer,  Robert 
Cavelier  de  la  Salle,  in  1684,  and,  it  is  well  known,  allured  La  Salle 
into  the  fatal  ambush  that  caused  the  latter 's  death  in  1687.     Cast 


THE  LAST  EXPEDITION  OF  THE  SPANIARDS      863 

away  among  the  Indians  of  Texas,  rescued  by  the  Spaniards,  sent 
to  Spain,  returned  to  Mexico  in  1692,  he  reached  New  Mexico  in 
1696  as  a  private  soldier;  then  became  a  trader  with  so  much 
success  that  he  gradually  rose  to  become  one  of  the  principal  New 
Mexican  colonists.  His  descendants  still  reside  in  the  territory 
and  the  family  of  L'Archeveque  are  well  known  at  Bayonne  in 
France.  He  was  not  only  a  successful  trader  but  had  in  the  course 
of  military  service  acquired  much  experience  in  Indian  warfare, 
except,  perhaps,  on  the  plains.  Yet  when,  at  the  suggestion  of  the 
New  Mexican  Governor,  a  formal  military  expedition  to  the 
Pawnees  was  ordered  by  the  Viceroy  of  New  Spain,  Archeveque 
(Hispanisized  into  Archibeque)  was  aggregated  to  it  (although 
no  longer  in  the  military  service)  as  chief  guide  and  adviser,  be- 
cause the  expedition  was  expected  to  come  in  contact  with  his 
countrymen,  the  French. 

The  expedition  had  a  prevailing  military  character.  Fifty  sol- 
diers, etc.,  of  the  Spanish  armament  in  New  Mexico,  or  about 
one  half  of  it,  composed  the  force.  It  was  large  enough  to  main- 
tain itself  against  open  attack  unless  made  in  numbers  that  could 
not  be  looked  for.  But  it  was  hardly  large  enough  to  warrant 
offensive  operations.  The  intention  was  evidently  not  to  conquer 
but  to  induce  negotiations  while  creating  respect ;  to  draw  away 
the  Pawnees  from  a  suspected  alliance  with  the  French,  and  thus 
to  secure  a  military,  and  eventually  a  commercial,  foothold  towards 
the  North.  Had  the  enterprise  succeeded,  its  consequences  might 
have  been  of  considerable  importance  for  the  destinies  of  the  West. 
A  limited  number  of  servants  and  a  reasonable  pack-train,  with 
Indians  (also  limited  in  number),  accompanied  the  corps.  The 
Lieutenant  Governor  of  New  Mexico,  Don  Pedro  de  Villazur,  was 
made  commander-in-chief,  Archeveque,  or  x\rchibeque,  his  "right 
bower".  Villazur  was  an  officer  of  the  regular  army,  probably 
competent  in  that  capacity,  but  he  had  not  been  long  in  the  South- 
west. The  difference  between  Indian  campaigning  and  European 
regular  warfare  was,  in  the  eighteenth  century,  much  greater  than 
it  is  now,  and  the  country  into  which  he  was  to  march,  as  well  as 
the  natives  he  was  to  meet,  were  entirely  unknown  to  him  and  lin- 
comprehended.  Fate  allowed  him  just  63  days  of  a  fatally-ending 
novitiate  in  a  school,  where,  so  the  most  meritorious  officers  have 
confessed  to  me,  there  is  always  something  new  to  learn. 

Villazur  took  at  least  a  part  of  his  silver-ware  along.  That 
seems  to  have  been  unnecessary,  and  possibly  was.  Nevertheless, 
it  was  just  as  easy  to  carry  as,  and  less  exposed  to  breakage  than 
glass  or  china.  It  reminds  us  of  the  fact  that  previous  to  the 
American  occupation*  in  Mexico,  window-panes  were  exceedingly 
scarce  in  that  country  because  their  transport  seldom  escaped  dis- 


864  OUT     W  EST 

aster.  Silver  was  more  easily  obtainable  than  tin  or  brass.  A 
silver  inkstand  is  also  mentioned  among  the  belongings  of  the 
unfortunate  commander.  As  late  as  the  fifth  decade  of  the  past 
century  the  end  of  a  horn  (cow  or  bufTalo)  fixed  in  a  block  of 
wood  served  as  inkstand  among  the  rural  population  of  New 
Mexico.  Ink  was  made  of  charcoal,  water  and  unmentionable 
addition,  and  eagle  quills,  of  course,  served  as  pens.  One  of  my 
most  intimate  friends  among  the  Pueblo  Indians  was  taught  to 
write  with  such  tools.  That  an  officer  of  the  regular  army  of 
Spain  should  have  taken  useful  pieces  of  silver-ware  along  need 
therefore  occasion  no  surprise  and  authorize  no  strictures.  A 
journal  he  had  to  keep  under  any  circumstances — it  was  obligatory. 

One  feature  of  the  expedition  remains  strangely  in  doubt  even 
to  this  day.  Later  documents  treat  of  a  chaplain,  Fray  Juan 
Mingues,  a  Franciscan  who,  they  say,,  accompanied  the  expedition 
and  perished  with  it.  A  French  narrative  has  it,  that  Father  Mingues 
escaped  on  horseback.  I  have  the  depositions,  textually,  of  all 
the  survivors,  and  not  one  of  them  mentions  the  priest,  neither 
is  he  alluded  to  in  the  documents  relative  to  the  organization  of  the 
expedition  or  to  the  official  investigation  which  its  fate  called  for. 
And  yet  have  I  followed  the  tracks  of  Fray  Juan  Mingues  in  the 
church-books  of  New  Mexico  year  for  year,  from  Mission  to  Mis- 
sion, from  1706  to  the  15th  of  June,  1720,  the  day  after  Villazur 
started  from  Santa  Fe.  After  that  date  no  trace  is  found  of  him 
anywhere,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  search.  What  became  of 
him  is  a  mystery  the  more  inexplicable,  as  the  fate  of  a  chaplain  on 
such  a  venture  was  a  matter  of  importance. 

From  the  14th  of  June,  1720  (the  day  on  which  Villazur  left 
Santa  Fe  with  his  men)  until  the  6th  of  September,  no  official 
tidings  seem  to  have  reached  the  capital  of  New  Mexico.  At  least 
I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  trace.  But,  on  the  latter  day,  a 
soldier  of  the  expedition,  Felipe  Tamariz,  came  in  with  terrifying 
news.  The  expedition  had,  at  dawn  on  August  15th,  been  sur- 
prised by  the  Pawnee  Indians  and  as  good  as  annihilated  in  a  very 
short  time.  Don  Pedro  de  Villazur,  the  commander,  his  mainstay, 
Juan  de  Archibeque,  and  over  40  Spaniards  had  been  killed,  the 
camp  and  belongings  captured,  and  only  a  half  a  dozen  Spaniards 
and  the  Indian  auxiliaries  had  escaped,  together  with  a  number 
of  horses.  It  is  superfluous  to  follow  the  lengthy  investigations 
that  succeeded.  Only  a  part  of  the  documents  resulting  therefrom 
have  I  been  able  to  obtain,  and  the  most  important  of  them  are 
declarations  by  survivors. 

It  appears  that,  after  leaving  Taos,  the  most  northern  of  the 
New  Mexican  Pueblos,  the  party  entered  the  northern  plains,  fol- 
lowing the   route   of  Valverde   of  the   year  previous,   passing  the 


THE  LAST  EXPEDITION  OF  THE  SPANIARDS      865 

"Quartelejo''  and  coming  in  contact  with  the  Apaches  of  the 
"Jicarilla"',  who  were  on  friendly  terms  with  the  Spaniards.  A 
certain  number  of  these  joined  the  expeditionary  corps  as  auxiUaries 
and  guides.  The  Hue  of  march  was  north  dechning  to  the  east  and 
always  in  the  plains.  Thus  they  reached,  on  the  14th  of  August, 
the  southern  bank  of  the  river  beyond  which  lay  the  villages  of 
the  Pawnees.  An  Indian  captive  who  spoke  Pawnee  was  sent  across 
to  parley  with  the  Pawnees,  and  represent  to  them  the  purpose  of 
the  expedition,  which  was  to  initiate  friendly  relations.  But  he 
was  also,  and  very  incautiously,  instructed  to  inquire  whether  there 
were  any  French  among  them.  The  messenger  never  returned,  but 
some  Pawnees  presented  themselves  at  the  Spanish  camp,  only, 
for  lack  of  an  interpreter  they  could  not  be  understood.  Villazur 
then  fell  back  to  another  river,  and  established  his  camp  on  the 
south  side  in  tall  grass.  The  line  of  march  and  the  approximate 
distance  would  lead  to  the  supposition  that  the  place  was  at  least 
near  where  Platte  City  now  stands,  near  the  south  fork  of  the 
Platte.  These  are,  however,  mere  suggestions,  subject  to  serious 
local   investigation. 

It  seems  that  Villazur  and  Archibeque,  or,  perhaps,  the  former 
contrary  to  the  latter's  advice,  had  full  faith  in  his  Apache  aux- 
iliaries. At  least  he  left  the  night  watch  exclusively  in  the  care  of 
the  latter.  Only  the  horses  were  sent  a  short  distance  from  the 
camp,  farther  away  from  the  river,  under  guard  of  half  a  dozen 
Spanish  soldiers.  All  these  dispositions  show  that  Villazur,  and  even 
Archibeque,  were  over-confident  in  the  trustworthiness  of  their  allies 
and  in  the  superiority  of  their  own  armament.  They  also  relied 
too  much  on  the  security  which  the  two  rivers  separating  them 
from  the  Pawnees  might  afford. 

It  was  afterwards  ascertained  that  the  stillness  of  the  night,  which 
the  camp  improved  for  comfortable  rest,  had  been  broken  by  sounds 
that  to  anyone  conscious  of  the  situation  would  have  been  very 
suspicious.  The  barking  of  a  dog  was  heard  near  the  camp,  and 
also  the  noise  of  people  swimming  the  river.  But  no  warning  was 
given  to  the  sleeping  Spaniards  by  the  Apaches,  and  the  guard  in 
charge  of  the  horses  paid  no  attention  to  these  ominous  signs,  pos- 
sibly because  they  did  not  hear  them  distinctly  enough.  At  day- 
break the  camp  was  aroused  and  began  to  prepare  for  the  retro- 
grade march.  Villazur  was  standing  outside  of  his  tent,  yet  unarmed, 
Archibeque  was  in  the  saddle,  everything  was  bustle  and  in 
momentary  confusion,  as  is  wont  to  be  the  case  when  a  hurried 
departure  is  looked  for. 

At  this  moment  musket  shots  and  the  flight  of  arrows  issued 
from  the  tall  grass  very  near  the  camp.  The  effect  was  murderous, 
owing  to  the  proximity  from  which  they  were  discharged.  Volley 


866  OUT    WEST 

followed  upon  volley.  Villazur  ordered  his  servant  to  get  his  carbine, 
but  master  and  servant  fell  almost  at  the  same  time.  Archibeque 
was  shot  down  at  the  first  fire  and  when  his  body-servant  tried  to 
assist  him  it  was  too  late.  The  latter  received  five  wounds,  but 
finally  escaped  on  his  master's  horse.  The  Spanish  picket  rushed 
up  in  succour  but  they  were  too  few  in  numbers  and  took  to  flight, 
nearly  all  of  them  wounded,  driving  before  them  the  already  partly 
stampeded  animals.  Of  the  Apache  auxiliaries  nothing  is  told ;  it 
is  as  if  they  had  taken  no  part  in  the  engagement — at  least  not  to 
assist  the  Spaniards. 

The  action  proper  lasted  but  a  few  minutes.  The  first  dis- 
charges did  terrible  execution  and  the  remaining  Spaniards  in  the 
camp  were  quickly  dispatched  at  closer  quarters.  The  booty  became 
scattered  among  the  Pawnees,  and  possibly  also  other  tribes  of  the 
plains.  That  the  Pawnees  were,  in  this  successful  surprise,  aided 
and  abetted  by  some  French  from  Canada  can  hardly  be  doubted. 
French  sources  do  not  deny  it. 

The  consternation  wrought  by  the  news  of  this  catastrophe  in 
New  Mexico,  and  even  as  far  as  Mexico  City,  cannot  easily  be 
imagined.  One  half  of  the  military  force  destined  to  guard  the 
extreme  Spanish  North  was  destroyed  at  one  blow,  the  remainder 
insufficient  to  defend  the  territory  against  the  Navajos,  southern 
Apaches,  Yutes  and  Comanches  prowling  in  and  about  the  country. 
The  lack  of  concerted  action  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  however, 
made  it  possible  to  hold  on  until  reinforcements  could  be  sent.  It 
was  also  feared  that  the  French  might  take  advantage  of  the  dis- 
aster and  undertake  a  march  upon  New  Mexico  from  the  North  in 
conjunction  with  such  tribes  of  the  plains  as  might  rally  beneath 
their  flag.  That  fear,  however,  was  exaggerated ;  only  a  few  French 
(if  any)  had  aided  the  Pawnees,  and  Canada  was  not  in  a  condition 
to  think  of  a  conquest  toward  the  Southwest. 

Contrary  to  the  plans  that  determined  the  expedition  of  Villazur 
intended  to  establish  Spanish  influence  beyond  northern  New 
Mexico,  the  outcome  of  that  ill-fated  expedition  was  to  lead  French 
Canadians  into  the  Spanish  domain.  Nineteen  years  after  the 
massacre,  the  first  Frenchmen  reached  Taos,  coming  all  the  way 
across  the  northern  plains.  Only  one  of  them  remained,  but  he 
conceived  the  criminal  idea  of  inciting  the  Pueblo  Indians  to  an 
uprising  against  the  Spaniards.  The  plot  was  discovered,  and  he 
was  shot  at  Santa  Fe  on  the  18th  of  October,  1743. 

Since  1720  no  Spanish  expedition  of  any  magnitude  penetrated 
the  northern  plains.  Sporadic  efforts  were  made  towards  the  east 
and  southeast,  the  more  or  less  annual  hunts  for  the  buffalo  by  the 
Pueblo  Indians  serving  to  a  certain  extent  as  conductors.  These 
hunts,    gradually    developing   into   mere    trading   expeditions,    fur- 


COMPBTITIVB  DRAWING.  867 

nished  the  means  of  communication  between  the  roaming  tribes 
of  the  prairies  and  the  pueblos.  After  the  former  ceased  to  trouble 
the  latter  by  hostile  incursions,  delegations  of  them  appeared  at 
rare  intervals  in  northern  New  Mexico,  more  than  once  with  the 
intention  of  bringing  about  a  concerted  uprising  against  the  whites, 
but  the  Pueblo  Indians  were  wise  enough  to  understand  that  these 
efforts  would  be  futile,  from  the  time  that  the  United  States  held 
control  over  the  whole  continent  south  of  Canada  and  north  of 
Mexico. 
New  York. 


COMPETITIVE  DRAWING 

(In  the  Arizona  Schools.) 
By  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

HICH'LL  I  merry?    Aw,  leggo,  now! 
Hefto  choose  ?    But  I  cain't,  I  say  ! 
Like  yo'  both,  but  I  jes'  donno  now 
Which  I'd  cotton-to  thet-away. 


M 


Sot  on  settlin'  it  'fore  yo'r  dinner? 

Wot'd  I  say  to  a  poker  game — 
Show-down — me  to  go  to  the  winner? 

I'm  agreeable,  ef  yo're  the  same! 

'LI  I  deal?    In  course  I  will,  mos'  cheerful. 

Pete,  yo'  shuffle ;  Hank,  cut  f 'r  luck. 
That's  yo'r  pasteboards.     Discard  keerful — 

Half  a  minnit  we'll  see  who's  stuck ! 

Yer,  yo'  Pete,  et's  yo'r  firs'  say-so, 

How  many  keerds  yo'  goin'  to  draw  ? 
Four !     Now  et  takes  a  gall  to  play  so ! 

Yo'  mus'  think  luck  is  yo'rn  by  law ! 

Wal,  ef  that  Pete  hain't  drawed  four  aces ! 

Sort  o'  looks  like  ez  ef  he'd  won — 
Ex-cuse  me !     This  pot's  Hank  Casey's, 

Seein'  ez  Hank  hez  drawed — his  gun ! 

— Reprinted  by  request  (from  Life). 


868 

THE  FABULOUS 

53!  R.  C.  PITZER. 

.      CHAPTER  IX. 

DOUBTFUL   DIRECTIONS. 

|CAMMEL  laughed  for  one  triumphant  second,  while  his 
trembHng  hands  took  the  brown  paper  and  held  it  un- 
der his  nose.  But  then  his  face  fell,  and  he  stared  in 
blank  dismay. 

"There  ain't  any  directions  here,"  he  stammered, 
still  glaring  at  the  paper.  "The  map's  full  of  figures.  What  do 
they  mean  ?" 

Luke  scratched  his  head  and  thoughtfully  lowered  his  eyes  to  his 
feet,  while  his  lips  pursed,  and  heavy  furrows  grew  on  his  forehead. 
"The  details  are  in  the  letter,"  he  reflected.  "These  numerals  were 
repeated  there  with  explanations.  I'm  not  sure  that  I  remember. 
Can  you  make  anything  of  it  as  it  stands  ?" 

''We'll  see,"  Scammel  said;  "it  shouldn't  be  hard.  Kind  of  fright- 
ened me  for  a  minute."  He  squatted  on  his  heels  beside  his  horse, 
and  Luke  crouched  down,  peering  over  his  partner's  shoulder. 

The  map  was  rudely  drawn  on  a  square  piece  of  brown  wrapping 
paper,  with  ink  that  time  had  faded  into  a  pale  blue.  An  oval  line 
of  scratches  bordered  the  paper,  evidently  crudely  indicating  the 
mountain  ranges  about  Saw  Valley.  The  center  was  unmarked, 
save  for  a  long  wavering  line  which  doubtless  indicated  Saw  River. 
From  this  two  creeks  were  drawn  flowing  from  the  north  with 
head  branches  in  what  must  be  the  Liver  Ridge.  Numerals  dotted 
the  map. 

Scammel  scanned  the  paper  for  some  time.  "These  figures  re- 
ferred to  a  key  in  the  letter?"  he  asked.  "Each  figure  is  explained 
in  the  letter?" 

"Yes.  Evidently  Uncle  Dan  drew  the  map  in  a  store.  As  I  re- 
member, when  he  came  to  tell  of  the  country  hereabouts  he  merely 
made  numerals  on  the  map,  and  in  the  letter  gave  an  explanation  of 
what  was  there.  Most  of  them  told  the  names  of  creeks,  passes,  and 
things  of  that  sort.     I  never  paid  much  attention  to  details.'' 

"Which  figure  indicated  the  mine  ?" 

Luke  hesitated,  pushed  his  hat  back,  and  frowned.  "I've  been 
trying  to  think,"  he  said,  slowly.  "It  was  up  north  somewhere — 
perhaps  either  figure  one  or  seven.  You  see,  I  haven't  looked  at  the 
letter  or  map  either  since  I  left  Chicago,  and  I'm  rather  puzzled. 
I  may  remember.  In  the  letter  the  numerals  run  straight  down 
the  page,  with  a  short  comment  beside  each  one.  No,  I  don't  think 
the  Fabulous  headed  the  list.  It  was  further  down.  Seven,  pos- 
sibly." 


THE   FABULOUS.  869 

"That's  the  left  fork  of  Liver  Ridge  Creek,"  Scammel  grunted. 

''It  was  on  the  left  fork  of  something — I  remember  that." 

Scammel  drew  a  heavy  sigh  of  relief.  "Say,"  he  said,  looking 
up  with  a  wry  smile,  "you  have  a  fine  business  head,  I  don't  think. 
Why,  if  this  map  had  been  mine,  I'd  have  been  able  to  draw  it  from 
memory  a  hundred  years  after  I'd  seen  it,  and  call  off  the  numbers 
like  a  policy  sport." 

He  stared  at  the  map.  "We're  not  out  of  the  woods  yet,''  he  said. 
"This  figure  seven  is  marked  at  just  about  the  place  I  found  a 
pocket.  This  gulch  has  been  prospected  time  and  again.  But  the 
number  is  below  the  creek,  and  the  gulch  I  worked  in  is  a  little 
farther  up.  and  comes  in  on  the  right  hand.  I  guess  we're  all  right. 
Let's  see  if  I  can  spot  the  others."  He  spread  the  map  on  his  knee 
and  followed  the  lines  with  his  thumb-nail  as  he  mumbled  his  com- 
ments. 

"This  center  line  is  Saw  River,  of  course ;  up  at  the  head  is  a 
figure  eight — that  probably  reads  into  the  name  of  the  river.  Four 
and  five  are  stuck  over  here  together,  beside  the  first  creek,  which 
is  Cub.  One  of  them  tells  that  the  creek  is  Cub  Creek,  and  the 
other — hum !  Oh,  yes,  the  ranch,  of  course.  Get  a  pencil  and  take 
'em  down.  8 — Saw  River.  A — Cub  Creek.  5 — Downing  Ranch 
cabin.  The  next  creek's  numbered  two.  W^rite :  2 — Liver  Ridge 
Creek.  Now  there's  a  figure  three  w'here  Liver  Creek  joins  Saw. 
That's  a  puzzle.  The  mine  couldn't  be  there. — Oh,  that's  where 
Scotty  used  to  live.  He's  dead  and  the  cabin  was  washed  away  by 
a  cloud-burst.  3 — Scotty 's  shack.  Up  at  the  head  of  Liver  Ridge 
Creek,  right  fork,  is  a  figure  one.  1 — Musgrove's  camp.  That's 
where  we  found  the  kid  and  the  rustled  horses.  At  the  head  of 
the  other  branch  is  seven.  7 — Probable  location  of  the  Fabulous. 
Now,  back  here  to  the  west  where  Cub  runs  into  the  Ridge,  is  a 
figure  six,  with  two  arrows,  pointing  off  rather  east  and  west.  I 
don't  savvy  that — pass  it  up.  At  the  head  is  the  figure  nine.  That's 
the  name  of  the  creek. — No,  we've  got  that !  Then  what  the  devil 
is  nine?  Urn!"'  Scammel  stroked  his  chin  and  stared  abstractedly. 
"Ah,  got  'em !"  he  exclaimed.  "6 — Buster  trail — that's  what  the 
arrows  mean,  sabe?  9 — Leather  Pants  mining  district.  It's  to  the 
north-west  of  the  Ridge,  but  it  comes  in  to  about  the  Liver  Divide, 
which  separates  the  two  districts,  and  Alusgrove  noted  it  on  that 
account.  Now,  here's  the  last  figure,  ten,  stuck  at  the  edge  of  the 
Continental  Divide.  That's  the  pass.  10 — Buster  Pass.  There, 
got  'em  ?  They're  all  accounted  for,  by  the  good  gods  !  Seven's  the 
place  !     How  do  they  look  ?" 

Luke  handed  his  note  to  the  cattleman.     It  read : 

"(1)      Musgrove's  camp. 
(2)     Liver  Ridge  Creek. 


870  OUT    WEST 

(3)  Scotty's  cabin. 

(4)  Cub  Creek. 

(5)  Downing  Ranch  house. 

(6)  Buster  trail. 

(7)  Probably  the  Fabulous. 

(8)  Saw  River. 

(9)  Leather  Pants  mining  district  begins. 
(10)  Buster  Pass." 

Scammel  read  the  list  and  nodded,  chuckling.  "Can't  fool  Jake," 
he  said  in  high  good  humor;  "and  that  son  of  mine  may  eat  his 
loot."  He  looked  up.  "You're  sure,  though,"  he  anxiously  in- 
quired, "that  there  weren't  any  other  pointers  in  the  letter?  Didn't 
Musgrove  explain  just  where  the  mine  was  in  some  other  way  than 
by  this  map?" 

"No,  Pm  sure  not.  This  was  the  easiest  method,  of  course. 
'Seven,  Fabulous,'  and  the  whole  thing  is  made  clear.  Dow  can't 
find  anything  at  all  without  the  map,  that's  certain,  for  he  won't 
know  where  the  indicating  numeral  is  placed." 

"Yeh.  We'll  have  to  get  busy.  Your  burros  '11  be  here  this 
afternoon,  and  if  I  can  get  around  to  it  to-morrow  we'll  pull  stakes. 
1  can  spare  myself  for  a  week  or  so,  long  enough  to  spot  Mister 
Seven,  maybe.  But  we've  got  to  hump  ourselves,  all  right.  There's 
a  gang  trailing  in,  and  in  a  month  Liver  Ridge  Creek  '11  be  claimed 
from  end  to  end.  But  we've  got  it,  Winne ;  we've  got  it !  And 
Dow — "  he  broke  off  chuckling.  "Damned  if  that  ain't  worth  a 
thousand  to  me !     PU  teach  him  to  buck  his  dad !" 

"Now,"  Luke  said,  rising  and  quietly  replacing  the  map  in  his 
envelope  and  the  envelope  in  his  pocket,  "I  think  you  owe  me  a  few 
explanations.  Dow  owes  me  something  else.  I  don't  easily  forget. 
If  he  isn't  on  his  way  to  my  mine  it's  not  his  fault." 

"Nor  yours,"  Scammel  said,  relapsing  into  his  usual  gruffness 
of  speech. 

"I  was  a  fool.  That  doesn't  extenuate  Dow's  dishonesty.  He 
deliberately  stole  what  he  fancied  was  my  map  to  a  gold  mine. 
He'll  have  to  account  to  me  for'  that !  For  all  I  know  he  tried  to 
murder  me  as  well,  coming  over  here.  I  met  with  a  pretty  dan- 
gerous adventure  on  the  shale  below  Hell's  Door,  let  me  tell  you. 
A  rock  came  near  pitching  me  down  the  slope." 

"Dow  behind  the  rock?"  Scammel  asked. 

"No;  but  he  might  have  had  help." 

"Well,  you  talk  to  him  about  it.  But  if  I  were  you  I  wouldn't 
say  anything  at  the  house.  They'd  have  to  see  the  letter  before 
they  would  believe  Dow  stole  it ;  and  I  don't  think  they'd  better 
know  why  you're  out  here." 

"I  can't  see  what  difference  that  makes.     As  for  the  letter,  you 


THE   FABULOUS.  871 

yourself  accused  your  son.  But  he  took  it  when  he  sent  me  away 
from  camp  early  this  morning.     I  was  suspicious  at  the  time." 

Scammel  shrugged  his  heavy  shoulders.  "Let  it  slide,"  he  ad- 
vised. "You're  done  with  Dow — he  can't  hurt  you.  The  trouble 
will  be  between  me  and  him.  I'll  pay  him  out,  don't  fear.  I'll  pay 
him  out  good  and  plenty.     He  knew  that  I  was  in  with  you  on  this." 

"Now  tell  me  how  you  learnt  he  had  stolen  something." 

Scammel  looked  about  him.  "Oh,  well,"  he  said  with  slight  hesi- 
tation, "I  followed  him.  Thought  he  was  drunk.  He  was.  Found 
him  singing  psalms  and  driving  your  burros  up  Liver  Ridge  Gulch. 
We  had  a — argument,  call  it — and  I  fetched  the  burros  back  across 
the  river.  Met  a  man  and  told  him  to  bring  'em  here.  Then  I 
came  home  hell-bending  to  see  whether  you  had  the  map  or  not. 
If  Dow  had  it  I  was  figuring  on  our  riding  across  country  and 
heading  him  off  to-night.  I  reckon  we'd  have  got  him ;  he  was 
drunk.  That's  Dow ;  make  him  dead  sore  on  you,  and  he  gets 
drunk — only  it  was  Coon  that  did  it.  Make  him  too  happy  to  live, 
and  he  gets  drunk — that  was  the  letter.  He's  got  a  combination 
mournful- jag  and  jubilation-booze.  He  was  so  shot  that  he  told 
me  he  had  something  I'd  wish  I  had.  I  tried  to  go  through  him 
and  see  for  myself,  but — well,  we  had  the  argument."  Scammel 
touched  his  cheek  significantly,  and  for  the  first  time  Luke  nodced 
that  the  man's  left  eye  was  swollen  and  blue.  "That's  all,''  he  fin- 
ished.    "Satisfied?" 

Luke  nodded.  "I'll  be  ready  to  take  the  trail  with  you  in  the 
morning,"  he  said,  and  with  that  turned  on  his  heel  and  walked 
down  the  slope  toward  the  house.  "And  she  has  been  raised  among 
brutes  like  those  two,"  he  said  between  his  teeth.  "A  man  like 
that's  the  head  of  her  household !  He  told  Mrs.  Downing  his  son 
was  sick ;  seemed  to  be  protecting  him.  Now  he  tells  me  his  son 
is  drunk,  and  threatens  him  with  patriarchal  vengeance.  Has  no 
shame  that  such  a  man  is  his  son !  And  Dow  was  June's  play- 
mate!" 

Luke  stared  about  him  in  wonderment.  How  could  she  bear  to 
associate  with  such  people?  Crafty,  cruel,  dishonest,  lying!  Fa- 
ther and  son  seemed  much  of  a  pair.  But  in  the  midst  of  the  dis- 
may and  anger  of  his  troubled  reverie,  Luke  suddenly  smiled.  He 
fingered  the  envelope  in  his  pocket.  "I  wonder  if  Scammel  will 
ride  away  to-night  and  leave  me  in  the  lurch?"  he  mumbled,  and 
laughed  aloud. 

"Mr.  Scammel  seems  to  have  put  you  in  a  good  humor,"  said  a 
voice  almost  at  his  elbow.  Luke  w-hirled  with  a  startled  cry.  June 
sat  on  a  boulder  a  short  distance  from  the  roadside,  with  her  back 
against  the  trunk  of  an  apple-tree.  "You  were  walking  right  past 
me,  as  if  I  were  a  creek  or  something,"  she  smiled,  "so  I  had  to 


872  OUT     WEST 

speak.  Do  you  frequently  go  about  laughing,  with  your  head 
in  the  sky?" 

She  drew  her  skirts  .aside,  and  Luke  promptly  availed  himself  of 
the  implied  permission  and  seated  himself. 

"I'm  so  glad  to  see  you  alone,"  he  said,  earnestly.  "I  want  your 
advice.  Will  you  give  it  to  me?  Won't  you  let  me  pretend  that 
I'm  an  old  friend  in  difficulties?  I  need  advice  badly,  and  there's 
no  one  in  the  mountains  in  whom  I  can  confide,  except  you.  May 
I?" 

June  looked  off  up  the  hill.  "Daddie  Welcome's  wagon  is  at  the 
stables,"  she  said,  irrelevantly.  "He  and  I  were  going  to  look  over 
his  books  again,  but  when  we  got  this  far  I  saw  you  and  Mr. 
Scammel  on  the  road  ahead  of  us,  and  as  Mr.  Scammel's  language 
wasn't  pretty — he  was  angry  just  then — I  stopped  here  and  sent 
Daddie  Welcome  back  to  the  house.  Secrets  were  shouted  to  the 
hills.  For  myself,  I  didn't  want  to  overhear,  but  I  wanted  to  be 
near  enough  to  interpose  if  you  were  quarreling.  Mr.  Scammel  is 
bad-tempered  at  times." 

"It  was  good  of  you  to  be  interested,"  Luke  returned,  "but  we 
weren't  quarreling.     Scammel  was  angry  at  his  son." 

"I  knew  he  did  not  mean  it  when  he  said  Dow  was  sick.  There 
is  some  other  trouble?" 

Luke  took  out  his  map  and  handed  it  to  her.  "Dow  tried  to  steal 
this,"  he  briefly  explained.     "It's  a  clue  to  the  Fabulous  Mine." 

"But—" 

"I'm  a  relative  of  the  Musgroves.  Uncle  Dan  drew  that  map  in 
Buster  at  just  about  the  time  they  were  hanging  his  son  for  horse- 
stealing. He  sent  the  thing  to  my  mother,  merely  as  a  help  to  an 
understanding  of  the  country  and  its  geography." 

While  speaking,  Luke  refrained  from  looking  June  in  the  face. 
He  was  making  an  overt  bid  for  her  friendship,  or  at  least  her 
interest,  and  he  dared  not  risk  showing  her  any  trace  of  personal 
feeling.  Had  he  looked  at  her,  however,  he  would  have  seen  a 
series  of  clear-cut  emotions  flit  across  her  face.  Her  eyes  clouded, 
lighted  with  something  more  than  interest,  and  grew  dim  again ;  her 
lips  quivered,  and  a  flush  of  excitement  burned  on  her  cheeks. 
When  Luke  ended,  there  was  silence  for  a  moment. 

"You  are  the  old  man's  nephew  ?"  June  asked  at  length,  while  she 
looked  at  him  oddly  from  under  lowered  lashes.  "My  father  and 
Mr.  Scammel  were  the  leaders  of  the  men  who  lynched  your  elder 
cousin,  and  who  persecuted  your  uncle,  finally  driving  him  into  the 
hills  and  starving  him.     You  were  aware  of  that  ?" 

"I  ddn't  wish  to  think  of  it.  Why  should  I  take  up  a  dead 
quarrel?  Besides,  my  people  were  thieves,  quite  evidently,  and  it 
was  merely  a  district  law  that  punished  them." 


THB   FABULOUS.  873 

"I  don't  look  at  things  in  that  way,"  June  flashed,  "nor  did  your 
uncle's — nor  should  you.  I've  always  been  ashamed  of  the  part 
my  father  took  in  that  affair,  and  I  have  always  disliked  Mr.  Scam- 
mel  merely  because  he  obeyed  father's  orders  in  the  matter.  But  I 
have  been  wasting  my  sympathy,  it  seems,  since  I  find  a  Musgrove 
quite  willing  to  forgive  and  forget,  and  become  Mr.  Scammel's 
partner.  What  do  your  people  think  of  the  matter?  Are  they, 
too,  willing  to  forgive  and  join  with  you?  Or  are  you  merely 
representing  yourself?" 

''My  mother  is  dead,"  Luke  returned  under  his  breath.  "I — I 
have  no  other  relatives."  He  cleared  his  throat.  "I've  reasoned 
the  matter  out,"  he  resumed,  argumentatively.  "There  was  no  foul 
play  or  anything  really  disreputable  on  the  part  of  your  father ;  the 
fault  lay  with  the  criminals.  Perhaps  if  I  had  known  Uncle  Dan 
personally  I  might  feel  differently,  but,  as  it  is,  I  haven't  the  slight- 
est quarrel  with  your  father.  As  for  Mr.  Scammel,  I  was  assured 
that  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  matter.  If  I  had  thought  over 
the  affair,  I  would  have  seen  that  the  assertion  was  obviously  false; 
but  the  fact  is  that  I  didn't  want  to  think  of  him  as  even  a  Nemesis 
of  the  Musgroves.  I  would  rather  have  pretended  to  myself  that 
Scammel  had  nothing  to  do  with  my  cousin's  death.  I  can't  pretend 
that  any  longer,  and  I  no  longer  trust  the  man ;  but  for  all  that  I 
don't  feel  any  animosity  toward  him  as  a  family  enemy.  I'm  not  a 
sentimentalist,  nor  am  I  proud  of  my  relatives." 

June  sat  in  abstraction.  "So,"  she  reflected,  "you  have  no  other 
relatives?  You  are  the  heir?  But  I  thought  you  said  that—-.  I 
see,  Mr.  Musgrove  was  a  widower,  was  he  not?  And  now  you 
have  gone  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Scammel?  It  is  reputed  a 
rich  mine.  But  we  are  wandering  from  the  subject.  You  are  to 
ask  my  advice  about  something?" 

Luke  briefly  sketched  the  history  of  the  map  and  its  letter,  and 
told  of  Dow's  dishonesty  and  of  Scammel's  connection  with  himself. 
June  listened  in  silence,  while  she  studied  the  map. 

"Perhaps  I  shouldn't  have  bothered  you  about  this,"  Luke  said; 
"but  I  want  you  to  understand  my  position.  It's  rather  cheeky  of 
me  to  be  wailing  my  business  woes  at  you,  but  I'm  like  a  little  child 
out  here,  and  I  somehow  feel  lost  and  out  of  place  and  overlooked. 
And  then,  it  comes  natural  to  talk  to  you,  even  if  I  am  giving  your 
friends  a  black  eye." 

"Don't  bother  about  my  friends,"  June  said,  rather  impatiently. 
"How  can  I  help  you?" 

"It's  about  Mr.  Scammel.  I  don't  know  whether  to  trust  him  or 
not.  If  we  go  here  to  seven" — Luke  pointed  out  the  numeral  on  the 
map — "we'll  be  wasting  our  time.  But  dare  I  say  where  the  mine 
is?     I've  told  you  that  I  said  I  did  not  remember,  but  of  course    I 


874  OUT  WEST 

do ;  I'd  be  a  fool  not  to  keep  in  mind  a  thing  like  that.  I  was 
afraid  to  be  truthful,  so  I  lied.  The  gold  is  here  at  nine,  the  sec- 
ond gulch  to  the  left  on  the  left  fork  of  Cub  Creek.  If  we  go  to 
the  left  fork  of  Liver  Ridge  Creek,  we'll  be  leaving  the  mine  far 
to  the  west  of  us.  You  see  my  position.  I  feel  that  I  am  rightfully 
entitled  to  a  half-interest  at  least,  but  Dow  has  attempted  to  steal 
the  mine  from  me,  and  the  Fabulous  is  a  mania  with  Scammel,  I 
understand.  I  want  him  to  have  his  share,  but  how  can  I  manipu- 
late matters  so  that  he  won't  get  it  all?  I'm  afraid  of  him,  and 
that's  the  truth.  Oh,  I'm  suspicious  of  everybody!  I  feel  as  if 
every  one  had  a  hand  in  my  pocket.  I'm  quite  childish  about  it ; 
but  then  I  never  had  any  business  ability,  and  I  haven't  any  confi- 
dence in  myself." 

"You  are  rather  odd,''  June  returned,  giving  back  the  map  as  she 
stood  up  and  shook  the  dust  from  her  skirts.  "You  haven't  known 
me  twenty-four  hours,  and  yet  you  tell  me  exactly  where  the  Fabu- 
lous is,  so  that  I  can  now  ride  to  it  with  my  eyes  shut — or  direct 
some  friend  to-your  inheritance,  Mr.  Winne.  Only,  it  would  be 
my  friend's  inheritance  then,  would  it  not?  You  have  had  no 
promise  of  secrecy  from  me,  remember !  Your  confidence  was  thrust 
upon  me,  and  I  do  not  feel  at  all  as  if  I  must  keep  it  to  myself.  Is 
a  woman  more  likely  than  a  man  to  be  honest,  even  providing  that  it 
would  be  dishonesty  for  me  to  betray  your  secret  to  a  friend  who 
perhaps  is  quite  as  worthy  as  yourself  of  gaining  a  fortune  ?  And 
then,  too,  you  ask  me  if  my  foreman  is  trustworthy,  when  if  he  were 
a  thief  I  would  be  the  last  person  to  know  it,  being  his  employer. 
If  I  didn't  think  him  honest  I  shouldn't  let  him  run  the  ranch,  be 
sure  of  that !.  He  could  steal  hundreds  of  cattle  every  year,  and  I 
would  be  none  the  wiser.  And  again,  you  are  quite  a  stranger  to 
me,  remember,  while  Dow  is  a  childhood  companion.  Yet  you  don't 
hesitate  in  making  to  me  very  serious  charges  against  him.  Neither 
can  I  see  where  my  advice  would  be  of  the  slightest  help.  All  you 
have  to  do  is  to  take  Mr.  Scammel  to  the  mine  and  stake  it ;  or  per- 
haps if  you  take  him  to  this  other  place,  you  may  give  him  the  slip 
there  and  get  over  to  your  inheritance  without  his  help  and  stake  it 
for  yourself.  That  would  show  admirable  business  acuteness.  ,  . 
.     It's  getting  late.     Are  you  coming  to  the  house  ?" 

Luke  rose  slowly.  "Thank  you,"  he  said.  "I  sometimes  fancy 
I'm  a  born  fool.  This  is  one  of  the  times.  You  are  entirely  right — 
I  was  idiotic  to  mention  the  matter."  He  looked  at  her  rather 
whimsically.  "And  so  I  haven't  known  you  a  day,"  he  reflected. 
"It  was  but  this  morning!  And  yet  it  seemed  the  most  natural 
thing  in  the  world  to  ask  advice  of  you.  I  really  forgot  we  were 
strangers,  and  I  hope  you'll  understand  that  as  an  excuse.  I  think 
Mr.  Scammel  and  I  will  go  up  Cub  Creek." 


THE    FABULOUS.  875 

"Yes?     Here  are  your  burros,  1  suppose?" 

The  four  burros  were,  indeed,  coming  up  the  lane,  and,  as  the 
girl  spoke,  a  mounted  man  rode  into  view  after  the  train.  He  took 
off  his  hat  to  June. 

"How-de,  Jedge,"  he  said,  nodding  to  Luke.  "This  is  your  out- 
fit, I  reckon?     Where  do  you  want  it?     Up  at  the  corrals?" 

The  rider  was  fat,  unwieldy,  greasy,  with  blubber  lips  and  oily 
wrinkles  about  his  fat  eyes. 

"Yes,"  Luke  returned.  "I'll  go  with  you  and  unpack.  I've  got 
some  clothes  there  that  I  want." 

"Uh-huh.  Lm  a  prospector — name's  Parker,"  the  man  volun- 
teered. "Happened  along  in  time  to  help  your  pardner  wade  the 
train  across  the  river,  an'  he  hired  me  to  drive  it  here  while  he  rode 
ahead."  He  clucked  to  his  horse.  "How-de-do,  ma'am,"  he  said ; 
and  rode  on. 

Luke  turned.  "You'll  excuse  me?  I'm  glad  the  animals  are 
here.  I  have  city  clothes  packed  away,  and  I  won't  have  to  appear 
quite  so  barbarously  at  dinner." 

June  nodded,  and  Luke  started  toward  the  crest  of  the  hill.  "But 
wait,"  she  called,  extending  her  hand.  "Will  you  trust  me  with 
that  map?" 

"Eh?     You  said — ?" 

"Don't  tell  that  man  anything."  she  continued,  under  her  breath. 
"I  don't  know  his  name,  but  he's  an  old  friend  to  Dow.  I  saw  them 
together  two  years  ago.  He's  quite  untrustworthy.  As  for  your 
question,  don't  explain  anything  to  Mr.  Scammel  until  to-morrow." 

She  took  the  map,  and  before  Luke  could  find  words  in  reply  to 
this  sudden  change  of  mood,  she  was  gone.  He  stood  staring  after 
her,  but  he  was  not  thinking  of  the  mine,  of  Scammel,  or  of  the  new- 
comer. In  a  moment  he  heaved  a  tremendous  sigh.  "That's  the 
way  Greek  women  walked,"  he  said  with  conviction. 

He  overtook  the  burros  before  they  reached  the  out-buildings, 
and  tried  to  enter  into  conversation  with  Parker,  but  the  man  merely 
grunted  laconic  replies.     Scammel  joined  them,  nodding  a  greeting. 

"Turn  the  burros  in  a  corral,"  he  said,  "and  stack  the  boxes  under 
a  shed.  You  can  get  at  'em,  and  they'll  be  ready  to  repack  when- 
ever we  hike.     Smudge  '11  help  you." 

"Has  he  returned?"  Luke  asked. 

"Yes — just  unsaddling.     He'll  be  out  in  a  minute." 

"I  reckon  I  got  to  go  back,"  Parker  said,  uneasily.  "It'll  be 
night  afore  I  kin  reach  my  camp.     Y'  ain't  paid  me,  colonel." 

"How  much  ?"  Luke  took  out  his  purse. 

"It's  my  bill,"  Scammel  said.     "Come  down  to  the  house.  Palmer." 

"Parker,"  that  worthy  corrected. 

The  two  men  went  down  the  road,  one  riding  and  the  other  walk- 


876  OUT    WEST 

ing;  and  as  they  went  they  talked  earnestly  together,  gesticulated, 
and  even  raised  their  voices  until  Luke  could  catch  a  subdued 
mumble.  Smudge  joined  the  Chicagoan,  and,  following  Luke's 
example,  stared  after  the  departing  ones. 

"Know  him?"  Smudge  inquired. 

"No.     Do  you?" 

"Yep.  Saw  him  this  morning  in  Cub  Gulch.  Saw  him  with 
some  horses  and  a  little  man." 

"A  little  man?"  Luke  cried,  fairly  startled. 

"Yep.  I  seen  'em  once  before  when  they  was  ketched  and  in 
jail  over  at  Buster.  Little  man's  Joey  Edom,  the  horse-rustler  that 
the  folks  call  Little  Paradise.  He's  playin'  Sam  with  the  prospec- 
tors, I  guess.  He  didn't  look  good  to  me,  so  I  hid  out  in  the  cabin 
till  him  and  this  guy  got  past." 

"Josephus,  for  a  dollar !"  Luke  whistled.     "And  this  chap  is — " 

"Pickett's  his  name.  The  court  said  they  wasn't  guilty.  Court's 
livin'  down  in  Denver  now,  in  a  stone  mansion.  Sabee  ?  What  're 
they  confabulatin'  about?     Does  Scam  know  who  he  is?" 

"Yes,"  Luke  returned,  emphatically,  "I  believe  he  does." 


A  MEMORY 

By  MEET  A   MARQUIS. 

^tUfHlTE  with  dust  the  road  we  traveled — do  you  not  remember 
Hi         well?— 

To  that  sleepy  bit  of  yesterday  named  Old  San  Gabriel, 
With  its  brown  adobe  ruins,  with  its  orange-scented  air, 
And  the  roses,  roses,  roses  running  riot  everywhere. 

Can  you  name  those  swinging  roses  ? — Gold-of-Ophir  brimmed  with 

fire, 
White  La  Marque  in  honeyed  clusters,  Henriette,  the  bees'  desire. 
Do  you  see  the  quaint  old  gardens  in  their  prickly  cactus  frame, 
And  the  flashing  scarlet  splendor  of  the  Spanish  poppy's  flame? 

Facing  narrow  ways  and  winding,  were  those  casas  ever  new? 
Yonder  rears  the  ancient  Mission's  mellow  tint  against  the  blue, 
With  its  pepper-shaded  stairway,  worn  where  dusky  feet  have  trod ; 
With  its  high-embrasured  windows,  and  the  cross  that  points  to  God. 

Floods  of  sunlight,  clear  and  yellow,  splashing  gold  on  wall  and  tree ; 
Drowsy  skies  of  shining  azure  like  a  deep  warm  summer  sea ; 
Colors  strong  and  half-barbaric  burning  on  the  ravished  sight, 
And  the  perfume  of  the  orange  steeping  all  in  rich  delight. 

Does  the  picture  fill  your  vision?    Does  its  glow  disturb  your  heart 
With  a  strange  love  for  the  Westland  from  your  other  loves  apart  ? 
Do  you  sometimes  catch  the  echo  through  a  nearer  music's  swell 
Of  those  old  bells'  broken  voices  calling  in  San  Gabriel? 
Los  Angeles. 


877 
LOSING  TO  WIN 

By  MARGUERITE  STABLER 
UT  it  is  worth  the  price,"  Harper  swore  within  himself 
as  he  snuggled  down  under  a  star  and  went  to  sleep. 

And  after  this  first  day's  work  in  the  mines  "the 
price"  came  to  mean  whatever  concession  he  might 
make  to  his  conscience.  Every  departure  from  his 
principles  was  made  a  votive  at  Fortune's  shrine.  If  it  seemed 
possible'  to  increase  his  pile  of  gold  dust  for  "bucking  the  tiger'' 
down  at  the  Round  Tent,  he  did  it  only  to  get  rich  and  get  out  the 
sooner.  If,  after  a  long  day  standing  in  snow-water  to  his  hips,  he 
drank  enough  bad  whisky  to  warm  him  through  and  through  and 
raise  his  spirits  to  meet  the  next  day's  effort,  it  was  merely  to  bring 
about  the  return  to  his  home. 

"Every  day  brings  the  time  nearer  when  I  can  go  home  with 
enough  to  make  our  future  safe,"  he  had  written  month  after  month 
to  the  woman  he  had  left  to  wait,  citing  experiences  of  the  fortunate 
few  who  had  struck  it  rich  enough  to  "pull  out."  When  he  began 
to  write  in  this  strain,  it  had  been  because  the  excitement  of  awaken- 
ing every  morning  a  pauper  with  the  chance  of  going  to  bed  a  mil- 
lionaire made  anything  seem  possible.  Later,  he  was  "whistling  in 
the  dark  to  keep  his  spirits  up."  But  after  he  had  written  by  every 
outgoing  steamer  for  a  year  that  he  might  return  on  the  next  one, 
his  story  began  to  lack  the  ring  of  sincerity. 

Finally  Harper  let  a  steamer  go  without  a  letter.  The  old  lie 
of  hope  was  too  threadbare  to  admit  of  any  more  turning.  The 
next  letter  was  mainly  a  string  of  excuses  for  not  having  written 
the  one  before.  His  face  grew  bronzed  and  hardened,  his  frame 
gaunt,  while  the  gold-fever  fermenting  his  blood  kept  him  digging 
early  and  late,  until  it  was  the  little  yellow  god  for  which  he  was 
working  primarily;  its  glitter  the  price  of  honor,  conscience,  man- 
hood— the  reward  of  his  failure.  The  awkward  angles  of  his  hand- 
writing told  of  hands  growing  rough  and  hard  and  more  used  to 
the  pick  than  the  pen,  the  coarse  yellow  paper  on  which  he  wrote 
told  of  privations  and  of  his  senses  becoming  gradually  blunted  to 
the  amenities  of  life.  Something,  too,  of  the  lowering  of  his  stand- 
ards crept,  without  his  suspecting  it,  into  the  tone  of  his  letters, 
while  the  girl,  developed  by  the  discipline  of  suspense  into  a  thought- 
ful woman,  followed  him  by  his  letters  through  experiences,  among 
companions,  into  temptations,  he  was  scarcely  admitting  to  himself. 

When,  at  last.  Harper's  letters  became  so  infrequent  as  to  have 
almost  ceased,  Mary  was  satisfied  that  his  choice  of  reasons  lay 
between  the  best  and  the  worst.  No  middle  ground  had  ever  been 
possible  to  John  Harper,  and  no  middle  ground  excused  him  now. 


878  our   WES r 

If  she  had  gone  to  the  altar  with  him  before  his  departure  for 
the  West  and  pledged  herself  "for  better,  for  worse,  for  richer  or 
poorer,  till  death  shall  us  part,"  she  would  have  waited  loyally  for 
his  return,  hoping  for  the  best.  Was  the  omission  of  those  few 
words  an  excuse  for  disloyalty?  she  argued  with  herself.  Whatever 
Harper's  defection,  she  knew  he  had  suffered  and  endured  stoutly 
for  her  sake.  She  knew,  too,  that  he  would  have  shared  royally  with 
her  if  his  fortunes  had  turned  out  for  the  better.  Now,  with  his 
fortunes  turning  out  for  the  worse,  should  she  not  be  an  active 
sharer  in  his  misfortunes?  The  test  of  uncertainty  that  dwarfs  a 
small  nature  spurred  her  to  unsuspected  reaches  of  courage.  The 
"close-communion"  family  in  the  red  brick  house  listened  aghast 
to  Mary's  plan  of  going  to  California  for  the  sea  voyage,  but  the 
quality  of  mind  that  had  induced  her  decision  gradually  broke 
down  their  opposition. 

"Mary  is  too  handsome  a  girl  to  go  off  on  such  an  expedition," 
the  old  parson  still  urged, as  Mary's  letters  came  back  to  them  telling 
of  her  experiences  by  sea  and  by  land. 

"But  Mary  can  take  care  of  herself  anywhere,"  Mary's  mother 
protested.     "Mary's  goodness  ought  to  be  a  reproach  to  us  all." 

Mary's  goodness !  Mary  herself  had  just  begun  to  turn  her 
reputation  for  goodness  to  the  light  in  her  new  atmosphere  of 
independence.  Mary  had  taught  the  children  in  the  Sunday  school 
to  sing  Christmas  carols,  because  she  loved  to  sing;  Mary  had  read 
to  a  circle  of  eager  listeners  in  the  Blind  Ward,  because  her  sym- 
pathies were  ready  and  warm,  also  because  she  loved  to  read  aloud; 
Mary  had  held  the  fort  as  presiding  officer  in  various  church 
societies,  because  she  was  active  and  executive  and  had  plenty  of 
time  to  give  to  them.  Mary  had  always  been  regarded  as  being 
exceptionally  good,  until  she  had  come  to  regard  herself  as  being 
rather  good  because  it  was  her  aim  to  be  so. 

But  on  the  tempest-tossed  steamer  westward  bound  Mary  had 
seen  a  woman  from  whom  she  had  drawn  her  skirts  aside  forget 
herself  in  helping  the  poor  steerage  passengers  among  whom  dis- 
ease and  death  had  broken  out,  exposing  herself  to  contagion  as 
all  Mary's  choral  clubs  and  aid  societies  had  never  taught  her  to 
do.  As  the  shimmer  of  light  on  a  crow's  wing  may  turn  him 
suddenly  white,  this  woman,  whose  sin  was  of  the  sort  supposed 
to  make  the  angels  weep,  Mary  admitted,  had  been  good  as  she 
had  never  dreamed  of  being. 

Upon  reaching  port  the  friends  in  whose  company  Mary  had  made 
the  trip,  seemed  to  feel  accountable  for  the  impressions  this  delicate- 
minded  daughter  of  an  irreproachable  family  received  of  the  moral 
atmosphere  around  her. 


LOSING     TO     WIN  879 

*'lt  is  at  least  the  place  where  you  stand  on  your  own  merits," 
Mary  asserted,  showing,  to  their  relief,  she  was  not  sorry  she  had 
made  the  voyage.  "You  are  no  longer  your  father's  son  and  your 
grandfather's  daughter.  You  may  live  your  life  independently, 
and  I  imagine  that  whatever  is  best  or  worst  in  you  gets  shaken 
to  the  top." 

Of  course  the  fact  that  John  Harper  was  somewhere  in  the  state 
pointed  every  life-story  with  a  personal  application  for  Miss  Mary. 
From  clam-diggers  to  faro-bankers  she  searched  every  countenance 
she  met,  sometimes  hoping,  sometimes  fearing,  it  might  bear  a 
resemblance  to  the  John  Harper  she  had  known  in  her  Eastern  home. 

"I  shall  not  go  home  without  finding  him,"  she  vowed  to  the 
drawn  face  that  stared  back  at  her  from  her  mirror.  When  she 
gave  her  promise  to  become  John  Harper's  wife,  she  had  given 
herself  wholly  and  unreservedly  to  one  interest;  now  there  was  no 
looking  back. 

"I  shall  find  out  at  least  if  he  needs  me  and — O  John,  how  I  need 
you !"  she  broke  oflF,  ending  her  declaration  of  independent  action 
in  an  abject  confession  of  dependence. 

"I  can  not  go  back  with  you,"  Miss  Mary  told  her  friends,  when 
their  plans  for  departure  were  ready.  "I  can  not  go  until  I  have 
heard  something  about  Mr.  Harper.    I  am  going  to  find  him." 

"But,  Mary !  But,  my  dear  child !  You  of  all  people  going  to  the 
mines  to  find  John  Harper,  when  maybe  he " 

But  no  one  dared  look  into  Mary's  face  and  supply  the  unsaid 
words. 

"Yes,"  Mary  answered  stoutly,  "I  am  going  up  to  Hangtown 
where  his  letters  have  been  posted,  and  if  I  don't  find  him  I'll  go  on.' 

"But,  my  dear,  you  don't  know — you  don't  understand — you  can't 
go  alone  to  a  mining  camp." 

"I  am  not  going  alone,"  Mary's  face  blanched.  "I  will — 1  have — 
I  am  arranging  to  go  with  some — people."  she  answered.  Then, 
impetuously,  "O  dear  Mrs.  Volney,  can't  you  trust  me  to  do  what 
is  right  in  this  thing?  You  must  feel  and  tell  them  at  home  that 
T  am  doing  the  right  thing  under  the  circumstances,  but  I  can't 
tell  you  any  more  now." 

"The  dear  girl  probably  has  some  missionary  society  or  choral 
society  for  the  poor  benighted  miners,"  Mrs.  Volney  explained  to 
herself,  slipping  the  responsibility  of  her  fair  charge  upon  the 
shoulders  of  Providence. 

The  trustful  Mrs.  Volney  safely  homeward  bound,  Mary's  spirits 
rose  to  meet  the  emergency  her  unexpected  opportunity  had  oflFered. 

"Although  I  can  never  hope  to  be  as  big-hearted  and  unselfish 
as  that  poor  woman  on  the  steamer,"  she  said  to  herself,  "she  who 


880  OUT     WEST 

did  not  put  herself,  her  own  white-souled  innocence  before  the  ex- 
tremity of  her  fellow  sinners,  I  can  at  least  try." 

"The  Largest  Theatrical  Show  that  ever  left  the  States"  the 
company  was  billed  that  started  from  San  Francisco  to  tour  the 
most  important  mining  towns.  Mile.  Marie  de  Bois  was  billed 
as  the  star  attraction,  the  "Song  and  Dance  Artiste  whose  Beauty 
and  Talent  might  win  Renown  on  the  Grand  Opera  Stage." 

There  were  also  trapeze  flyers,  human  snakes,  and  a  tattooed  man 
in  the  show. 

Mary's  horizon  had  been  somewhat  enlarged  by  her  voyage  to 
California  and  her  stay  in  San  Francisco,  and  as  a  consequence, 
on  becoming  the  star  of  the  theatrical  company,  she  had  succeeded 
in  detaching  herself  sufficiently  from  her  red-brick  back-ground  and 
Easter-carol  halo  to  pass  on  her  own  merits  with  the  tattooed  man 
and  trapeze  flyers. 

Hangtown,  the  biggest,  most  prosperous  mining-camp  in  the  State, 
swarmed  out  to  a  man  to  give  a  royal  welcome  to  this  great  the- 
atrical show.  The  few  dozen  women  and  many  thousand  men 
who  made  up  its  population  were  waiting  in  their  seats  long  before 
the  hour  announced  for  the  performance  to  begin. 

Behind  the  curtain  the  usual  scurry  and  confusion  reigned,  until, 
white  to  the  lips,  the  star  of  the  company  faced  the  manager. 

"Never!  I  did  not  dream  that  such  a  costume  would  be  required 
or  I  would  not  for  an  instant  have  signed  your  contract." 

In  vain  the  manager  expostulated  as  he  held  the  gauzy  skirts 
and  spangled  tights  out  to  her. 

Visions  of  the  horrified  Aid  Society  and  the  wide-eyed  wonder  of 
her  Easter-carolers  filled  her  soul  as  the  flimsy  thing  dangling  on 
the  manager's  arm  flashed  its  tawdry  tinsel  in  her  face. 

The  irate  manager  pleaded  and  explained  into  deaf  ears.  "An 
audience  like  this  must  have  this  sort  of  thing.  It  is  what  they 
demand.  You  can't  give  them  classic  music  and  mourning  weeds. 
Song  and  dance  is  what  they  demand,  and  you  can't  dance  without 
an  appropriate  costume." 

The  ringing-up  of  the  curtain  on  the  first  number  called  the 
manager  away  for  the  moment,  and  Mary  retired  to  the  dressing- 
room. 

The  rounds  of  applause  that  greeted  the  first  act  rocked  the  tent. 
Mary,  peering  through  a  tiny  hole  into  a  sea  of  bearded  faces  and 
flannel  shirts,  felt  a  clutch  at  her  heart  as  she  realized  she  might 
be  looking  at  Harper  among  the  crowd.  Tentatively  reaching  for 
her  spangles  and  gauze  she  drew  them  to  her.  Had  she  left  her 
home  and  made  this  perilous  trip  to  flinch  in  the  very  face  of  possible 
success  ?     The  next  act  would  be  hers  and  it  was  now  too  late  to 


LOSING     TO     WIN  881 

draw  back  from  her  resolve.  Closing  her  eyes  to  her  mirror  she 
slipped  into  the  despised  costume,  and  backing  toward  the  door 
reached  the  improvised  "flies"  in  time  to  intercept  the  distraught 
manager. 

"For  this  one  time  I  will  try  to  do  it,"  Mary  said — and  Mile,  de 
Bois  stood  ready  to  take  her  cue. 

Her  rounded  proportions  glittering  in  spangles,  the  prima  donna 
tripped  out  upon  the  stage.  The  tent  again  rocked  with  rounds 
of  applause.  Chirping  a  little  French  song  that  echoed  the  clinking 
of  glasses,  twinkling  of  heels  and  unsteady  laughter,  the  rollicking 
voice  and  manner  gave  no  evidence  of  having  been  trained  in  a 
church  choir. 

A  bearded  man  in  the  audience  shut  his  eyes.  This  creature 
reminded  him  of  Mary,  then  a  guilty  wave  checked  the  thought  that 
connected  his  Mary  with  this  scene,  the  Mary  he  had  lost  because 
too  good  and  pure  to  share  his  life  with  him.  He  was  conscious  of  a 
feeling  of  gratification  that  her  sweet  countenance  was  safe  in 
her  chink  away  from  this  abandoned  presence  of  tights  and  gauze. 

As  was  the  custom  in  that  day  coins  from  doubloons  to  an  equiva- 
lent in  nuggets  were  showered  upon  the  graceful  dancer,  who,  after 
filling  both  hands,  stooped  and  took  off  her  slipper  to  hold  the  rest. 

The  tattooed  man  and  human  snakes  awakened  no  further  interest 
in  the  audience.  "Marie !  Marie !"  they  shouted.  Wild  over  this 
woman's  voice  and  figure,  they  hissed  oflF  the  other  numbers  and 
demanded  Mile.   ■Marie. 

Humiliated  and  degraded  into  what  they  mistook  her  for,  Mary, 
true  to  her  resolve,  returned  to  the  stage.  Again  the  audience  called 
for  the  drinking  song  and  again  she  sang  it,  searching  the  while 
through  the  audience  for  a  face  she  was  sure  no  disguise  of 
unkempt  beard  and  hair  could  hide  from  her. 

The  spirits  of  the  crowd  arose  to  a  pitch  proper  to  the  occasion. 
Those  who  had  come  somewhat  intoxicated  and  those  who  had 
brought  their  flasks  with  them  now  began  calling  out  coarse  pleas- 
antries to  the  stage  or  making  still  less  polite  side-remarks. 

White  and  drawn  beneath  her  coating  of  paint,  Mary  sang  on, 
searching,  searching  every  countenance  for  the  one  for  whom  she 
was  facing  her  degradation. 

A  man  in  the  audience  suddenly  arose  and  turned  to  leave.  He 
could  stand  it  no  longer.  The  swing  of  his  shoulders  and  the 
set  of  his  head  could  not  deceive  the  eager  eyes  behind  the  foot- 
lights as  the  grizzled  beard  had  done. 

Breaking  off  in  the  midst  of  her  song  the  singer  stopped  her 
pianist,  and  to  the  surprise  of  her  audience  struck  into  the  chorus  of 
something  that  sounded  suspiciously  like  a  hymn. 


882  OUT     WEST 

The  man  stopped  half-way  down  the  aisle. 

''Rest  comes  at  last,  though  life  be  long  and  dreary," 

the  voice  rang  down  to  him  until  it  came  to  grief  in  a  break  that 
was  almost  a  sob. 

The  red  brick  house  on  the  hill,  the  stern  old  church  with  the 
choir  behind  the  pulpit  and  Mary's  clear  young  voice  singfng  "Angels 
of  Light,"  blotted  out,  for  the  moment,  the  rocking  tent  and  flaunting 
spangles.  The  remembrance  of  his  own  lost  Mary  grew  upon  him 
against  his  will  with  every  turn  and  look  and  tone,  as  he  watched 
the  singer  boldly  facing  this  audience  of  all  sorts  and  conditions 
of  men,  arms  and  bosom  bare  and  tights  revealing  every  curve  of  her 
rounded  figure,  till  his  sense  of  decent  propriety  revolted  at  the 
comparison. 

A  half-intoxicated  ruffian  called  something  across  the  foot-lights 
and  Harper  saw  the  woman  recoil  as  from  a  blow.  With  a  bound 
he  was  down  the  aisle.  This  poor  creature  was  still  a  woman  and 
for  Mary's  sake  he  was  still  man  enough  to  reverence  her  sex. 

The  singer,  seeing  the  two  men  grappling,  tried  to  sing  on  to 
keep  order  among  the  others.  But  when  Harper  turned  upon  her 
and  their  eyes  met,  her  voice  broke  hopelessly  and  she  swayed 
backward  as  if  faint. 

Seeing  this.  Harper  sprang  upon  the  stage  and  bore  her  behind 
the  curtain,  assuring  her  that  for  certain  reasons  she  was  quite 
safe  in  his  care.  ^ 

Mary,  forgetting  everything  but  the  fact  that  she  had  found 
John  Harper,  poured  through  her  painted  lips  the  story  of  her 
quest.  "Do  you  despise  me  for  it?"  she  finished,  the  enormity  of 
the  danger  she  had  incurred  growing  upon  her. 

"Do  you  despise  me  for  the  sort  of  man  you  have  found?"  Harper 
answered  by  asking. 

"It  was  you,  just  as  you  are,  1  was  searching  for,"  she  answered. 

"And  it  was  because  I  thought  you  were  too  good  to  share  my 
life — no,  not  good  enough,"  he  corrected  himself,  "not  good  enough 
to  make  such  a  sacrifice  for  me  that  I  gave  you  up." 

"And  yet  a  few  moments  ago  you  could  not  bear  the  comparison 
between  the  Mary  you  had  known  and  this — this  that  you  took 
me  for,"  Mary  continued  fearlessly,  reaching  out  for  something 
to  cover  her  spangles. 

"Because  I  had  never  imagined  a  woman  good  enough  to  be  bad 
enough  to  do  what  you  have  done  for  me,"  Harper  answered 
humbly. 

.  "Mademoiselle  What's-her-name  can  not  go  on  the  stage  again," 
Harper  announced  to  the  radiant  manager. 

"What!" 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA.  883 

"She  is  my  wife  and  I  forbid  it." 

And  to  make  his  word  good,  Mary  of  the  red  brick  house,  one 
time  teacher  of  the  Sunday  School  and  leader  of  the  church  choir, 
was  married  in  tights  and  spangles  in  the  dressing-room  of  the  big 
tent. 

Yuba  City,  Cal. 


SCHOOL-DATS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA 

By  LAURA  TILDEN  KENT 
IX. 

A    RICH    STRIKE. 

F  COURSE.  I  haven't  had  much  experience  in  this  line, 
myself — rather  less  than  two  years,  in  fact — but  I  feel 
pretty  positive  I'm  a  better  miner,  right  now,  than  Bill 
Culver,  if  he  has  been  at  it  rather  longer.  Now  there 
was  an  instance  today  that'll  show  you  what  I  mean. 
Bill  and  I  were  both  in  the  shaft,  putting  in  some  holes.  Now  say 
here's  the  foot- wall  and  here's  the  hanging-wall,  you  see."  Mr. 
Jackson,  who  was  talking  enthusiastically  to  Isabel's  father  at  the 
wood-pile,  illustrated  this  last  remark  with  two  chips  held  slantwise. 
"Here's  the  foot-wall  and  here's  the  hanging-wall !  And  here  I'm 
working,  you  see.  Here's  Culver.  We  were  each  putting  in  some 
holes.  Now,  /  slanted  one-  o'  my  holes  in  this  direction — see  ?  and 
another  off  this  way.  I  thought  that  ought  to  do  the  business, 
right  enough !  But  what  did  Culver  do  but  slant  both  his  holes 
like  this?"  Mr.  Jackson's  voice  rose  bitingly.  "Both  of  'em,  mind 
you,  now ! 

"Well,  I  wondered  what  he  ever  expected  to  accomplish  that  way, 
but  /  didn't  say  anything!  Culver  does  think  he's  so  blamed  smart 
anyhow,  and  he'll  always  lord  it  over  me,  when  he  can,  because  of 
his  longer  experience !  Humph !  That's  the  only  thing  I've  got 
against  him  as  a  partner — he's  so  darned  conceited  !  Well,  sir !  We 
loaded  those  holes,  and  I  was  bound  I'd  show  Culver  a  thing  or  two. 
So  I  put  in  a  little  extra  powder,  and  I  tamped  'em  good,  and  we 
touched  off  our  fuses  and  got  out  o'  the  hole. 

"Well,  sir,  there  iva^  an  explosion  when  those  shots  went  off ! 
And  Culver  says,  'There !  I  thought  them  shots  o'  mine  ought  to 
raise  the  devil  with  things !'  But  I  never  said  a  word.  And  when 
we  came  to  examine  the  place,  why,  it  was  just  as  I  thought.  My 
shots  had  shattered  the  whole  hanging-wall  loose!  There  was 
enough  rock  in  there  to  keep  a  man  shoveling  half  a  day.  And 
Bill's  shots  had  just  blown  out  a  little  pot-hole  on  his  side! 

"Well,  sir!  You  never  saw  a  sicker  looking  mortal  in  your  life 
than  Bill  Culver!    He—" 


884  OUT    WEST 

# 

"How  does  the  prospect  look  now?"  Isabel,  perched  on  a  cord- 
wood  stick,  and  listening  intently  to  this  conversation,  recognized  a 
slight  note  of  weariness  in  her  father's  voice.  Not  so  Mr.  Jack- 
son. 

"Fine!  Better  than  ever!"  he  beamed.  "We  got  the  returns 
from  some  assays  today — one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  dollars  a  ton, 
and  the  ledge  is  as  much  as  six  feet  wide !  I  actually  believe  we've 
struck  the  mine  in  this  part  of  the  territory !  I've  looked  at  a  good 
many  things  since  I've  been  here,  and  I've  never  seen  another  that 
holds  a  candle — " 

And  then  Isabel's  mother  called  her  and  she  had  to  miss  the  rest 
of  the  monologue. 

"Mr.  Jackson's  struck  it  rich,"  Isabel  told  mama.  "The  Jackson 
girls  say  that  right  after  the  first  shipment  of  ore,  they're  going  to 
have  ponies — one  apiece,  you  know." 

Isabel's  mother  made  no  response  to  this  interesting  information, 
and  Isabel  spoke  again  rather  enviously. 

"Did  papa  ever  strike  it  rich?" 

"He  had  a  good  deal  of  money  at  one  time,"  her  mother  said, 
with  a  very  little  sigh.     "But  you  don't  remember  that." 

"What  did  he  do  with  it?"  Isabel  demanded. 

Her  mother  checked  another  sigh,  and  answered  quite  cheerfully : 

"Oh,  a  great  deal  of  it  went  into  other  mines.  Mining  is  rather 
an  expensive  business,  you  know." 

"Well,"  Isabel  returned,  "maybe  he'll  strike  it,  now  that  Mr.  Jack- 
son has.  I  wish  we  ever  could  strike  it  rich !  I'm  tired  of  burros ! 
They're  §uch  bothers,  and  they  don't  go  fast  at  all — unless  they  run 
away." 

"The  Jackson  girls  haven't  any  burros,  even,  you  remember,"  her 
mother  reminded  her. 

"Well,  they're  to  have  ponies,  I  said !"  Isabel  replied  impatiently. 
"Mr.  Jackson  is  coming  in  now  to  spend  the  evening  with  papa,  and 
I'm  going  to  hear  what  he  says  about  it." 

The  lamp  had  just  been  lighted  in  the  little  living-room,  and, 
sure  enough,  papa  was  ushering  Mr.  Jackson  in,  just  as  Isabel  en- 
tered by  another  door. 

"Yes,  sir!"  Mr.  Jackson  was  saying.  "Yes,  sir!  When  I  took 
Collins  up  to  see  the  mine  this  morning,  he  just  clapped  me  on  the 
shoulder  and  he  says,  'Jackson,  you've  certainly  got  the  best  thing 
I've  seen  in  months!'  Now  you  know  Collins  has  good  judgment 
in  these  matters.  Of  course,  I've  got  better  proof  of  it  than 
Collins's  opinion,  though.  I'll  tell  you.  Culver  and  I  both  felt 
pretty  good  when  he  got  that  assay!  Have  you  been  up  to  see 
the  mine  lately,  Thorne?  I  believe  you  haven't.  Just  come  up, 
and  I'll  show  you  how  it  looks.     As  I  told  you,  I  believe  it's  six 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON  THE  HASSAYAMPA.  885 

feet  wide,  and  at  a  hundred  and  fifty-nine  dollars  a  ton,  you  can 
plainly  see  that  we  really  have  got  something  there. 

"Now,  I'm  not  excitable.  Some  fellows  would  be  crazy  over 
the  prospect,  I  know,  but  I'm  naturally  calm ;  and  then  I  think  it's 
the  part  of  wisdom  to  look  at  such  a  proposition  in  a  pretty  cool 
way,  anyhow.  Of  course,  I  realize  that,  big  as  it  is,  it  may  pinch 
out.  We  may  have  stumbled  on  just  a  little  pocket  there.  Of 
course,  it  don't  look  that  way,  being  so  large.  Still,  as  I  tell  my 
wife,  it's  well  to  be  prepared  for  anything!"  Mr;  Jackson  laughed 
as  if  "anything"  represented  all  joy  to  his  mind. 

"You're  right  there,"  Isabel's  father  managed  to  remark.  "Min- 
ing is  a  pretty  uncertain  business,  I  find.  Why,  I  had  that  very 
claim  you're  working  on  now,  a  few  years  ago,  and  I  came  across 
a  pocket  of  ore  a  good  deal  like  the  one  you  describe.  Well,  it  dug 
out  in  a  few  days.     It  doesn't  do " 

"That  so?"  Mr.  Jackson  seemed  slightly  bored  and  a  little  of- 
fended at  this  speech,  Isabel  thought,  but  he  quickly  recovered  his 
good  spirits. 

"Don't  it  beat  all  ?  Ha !  ha !  ha !  Had  it  yourself  and  gave  it  up ! 
An  old  hand  like  you !  Well,  well !  You  never  can  say  who's 
going  to  make  the  profit  on  these  deals.  Great  joke  if  I  should 
happen  to  get  rich  my  second  year  in  the  country  on  an  old 
abandoned  claim  o'  yours !    You  gave  it  up  too  soon,  I  guess  !" 

"Very   likely,"   responded   Mr.   Thorne.   "Still " 

"Say!  it  makes  me  laugh  every  time  I  think  of  how  Bill  Culver 
looked  this  morning  when  he  saw  how  those  shots  of  his  had 
acted !     You  see,  here's  the  hanging-wall " 

Isabel  slipped  quietly  into  the  room  where  her  mother  was 
mending. 

"It's  going  to  be  all  about  foot-walls  and  pot-holes,  now,"  she 
confided.  "But  I  guess  he's  struck  it,  all  right.  On  an  old  claim  of 
Papa's,  too !  It's  a  shame !" 

"Pleased  as  a  kid  with  his  first  pair  of  pants,"  Mr.  Thorne  told 
his  family  on  joining  them  after  his  guest's  departure.  "And  you 
can't  tell  him  a  thing!     He'll  have  to  learn  for  himself,  I  guess." 

The  next  morning,  before  Isabel  and  her  mother  had  finished 
washing  the  breakfast-dishes,  Mrs.  Jackson  arrived  at  the  back 
door,  wreathed  in  smiles  and  clothed  in  a  gay  wrapper. 

"Don't  stop  your  work,"  she  entreated.  "I'm  so  excited  I  just  had 
to  talk  to  somebody,  and  everybody  else  is  too  far  away.  So  I  left 
the  girls  to  do  the  work  and  came.  Oh !  do  please  excuse  my  ap- 
pearance !     I  just  couldn't  wait  to  dress  up." 

She  dropped  into  a  kitchen-chair  by  the  work-table,  and  went  on 
eagerly. 

"Byron  is  so  worked  up  he  can't  sleep,  and  I  can't  either!  We 


886  OUT     WEST 

just  lie  and  talk  all  night  long,  nearly.     Byron  says  I'm  not  to  tell 
anybody,  but  he  admitted  that  he  did  mention  it  to  Mr.  Thorne 
last   night,   and   so   I   thought   I   wouldn't   do   any  harm   by   men- 
tioning it  to  you.     Mr.  Thorne  may  have  told  you  that  Byron  has 
made  a  strike  ?     I  thought  that  he  might  have !     Then  I  won't  be 
doing  any  harm,  you  see.     Byron  is  so  prudent.     He  didn't  want 
me  to  write  to  mother,  even,  about  it,  until  it  was  suVe.     But  I  tell 
him,  it's  sure  enough  now !    Why,  you  see,  it's  six  feet  wide,  Byron 
says,  and  that  really  makes  it  so  they  don't  take  out  anything  but 
ore !    And  they  can  take  out  at  least  three  tons  a  day,  Byron  says, 
and  I've  calculated  how  much  that  ought  to  bring  us.     At  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty-nine  dollars  a  ton — No !   I  counted  it  as  only  one 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars.     I  thought  that  it  mightn't  all  go  one 
hundred  and  fifty-nine  dollars.     At  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
a  ton,  that's  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  a  day.     Then,  for  six 
days  in  a  week,  that's  twenty-seven  hundred  dollars  a  week.     And 
in  six  months  that  would  be  seventy  thousand    two  hundred  dol- 
lars !     That's  just  with  sinking,  you  know,  and   Byron   says  that 
they'll  soon  begin  to  drift  and  stope  and  things  like  that,  and  then 
they'll  take  out  much  more  ore !    And  so  it  seems  to  me  that  there'll 
be  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  at  the  very  least  reasonable  calcula- 
tion, and  half  of  that  will  be  ours !       Now,  I  tell  Byron  that,  at 
the  end  of  six  months,  he'd  better  sell  his  share  of  the  mine,  even 
if  he  can't  get  more  than  a  hundred  thousand  for  it,  and  that  we'd 
better  go  back  home.     I've  heard  of  so  many  who  have  kept  on 
too  long  and  lost  all  they  made.     One  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  wouldn't  be  much  money  to  a  very  rich  person,  but  we've 
never  been  rich,  and  Byron  was  only  a  clerk  in  the  East.     And, 
as  I  tell  Byron,  if  he'd  put  this  in  some  safe  business  back  home, 
he'd  soon  be  very  comfortably  off,  and  no  risks,  like  staying  in  a 
mining  country.     And   I'm  really  getting  awfully  anxious  to  see 
Mother.     It's  been  nearly  two  years  now,  and  I  never  was  away 
from  her  so  long  in  my  life  before.     And  she  does  want  me  back 
home  so  badly — near  enough  so  we  can  run  in  every  day.     And, 
as  I  tell  Byron,  it'll  be  so  much  better  for  the  children.     Vera  has 
a  real  taste  for  music  and  I  want  her  to  have  piano  lessons.     And 
they  both  sing  very  nicely,  now,  and  when  they're  a  little  older, 
I  want  them  to  have  vocal  lessons,  too.    I  just  can't  help  wondering 
what  Mother'll  say  when  she  gets  my  letter !    As  I  told  Byron  last 
night,  I'd  like  to  be  a  little  mouse  in  the  corner  when  she  reads 
it !     I'd  give  a  cooky  to  see  the  expression  on  her  face.     Of  course, 
I  didn't  tell  her  all  I've  told  you.     I  would,  if  I'd  been  left  to 
myself,   I   suppose,   for   I'm  not  prudent   like   Byron.     But   I   just 
told  her  that  Byron  had  made  a  rich  strike  and  that  we  should 
be  very  well  off  within  six  months,  and  that,  of  course,  it  might 


SCHOOL-DAYS    ON    THE   HASSAYAMPA.         887 

not  last  forever,  but  that  we  were  sure  of  having  more  money 
than  we've  ever  had  at  one  time,  anyway,  and  that  we  were  talking 
of  coming  home  soon.    I  didn't  want  her  to  put  her  hopes  too  high." 

That  afternoon  the  "Jackson  girls,"  Vera  and  Eulela,  came  to  call 
upon  Isabel  at  the  hour  she  and  Johnny  usually  chose  for  riding, 
now  that  school  was  out,  and  they  might  go  whenever  they  pleased. 
The  small  Thornes  were  not  surprised  to  see  their  visitors,  for  it 
was  a  saying  with  them,  "Just  as  soon  as  we're  ready  to  ride,  here 
come  the  Jackson  girls,  just  streaking  down  the  hill  so  that  they 
can  go,  too ;  and  then  we've  got  to  ride  double  unless  the  burros 
are  all  up."  The  Jackson  girls  lived  in  a  house-tent  on  the  hillside 
above  the  Thornes'  ranch,  and  I  have  no  means  of  proving  that 
their  daily  visits  were  not  timed  as  Isabel  and  Johnny  declared. 

Today  all  the  burros  were  up,  and  Isabel  felt  no  regret  at  the 
arrival  of  her  guests. 

"Hello,"  she  greeted  the  girls.  "We're  just  going  for  a  ride. 
Want  to  go  along?" 

"Oh !  I  guess  so,"  Vera  returned  in  a  tone  vastly  more  patron- 
izing than  was  usual  with  her  on  such  occasions. 

"Humph!  You  needn't,  if  you  don't  want  to!"  Isabel  assured  her. 

"Oh !  we  do  want  to !"  cried  the  girls  in  an  anxious  chorus. 

Still  Isabel  struggled  with  herself  before  she  was  able  to  advise 
Johnny  to  let  the  girls  have  the  saddles,  while  they  used  only 
surcingles  and  blankets.  She  knew  why  Vera  was  so  suddenly 
superior.  And  indeed,  when  once  the  four  were  safely  mounted 
on  their  four  steeds,  attended  by  the  four  colts  and  the  shaggy 
yearling,  Vera  could  contain  herself  no  longer. 

"We  won't  be  riding  common  old  burros  much  longer!"  she 
sniffed. 

"Why  not  ?"  inquired  .  Isabel,  rather  sharply. 

"Huh !"  returned  Vera.  "Didn't  I  tell  you  we  were  going  to  have 
ponies  ?" 

"Oh!"  said  Isabel.  (As  if  she  had  forgotten!)  "Well,  you  wouldn't 
need  to  be  riding  'common  old  burros'  now,  if  you  didn't  want  to," 
she  added  significantly.  She  felt  a  little  mean,  but  wasn't  Vera  mean 
too? 

"Well,  I'll  just  get  off  of  your  old  burro  right  now,  if  you're  so 
stingy  of  the  old  thing!" 

"Stingy!"  sneered  Isabel.  "I  wouldn't  be  so  mean  as  to  make 
you  ride  on  a  burro  when  you're  too  good  to !" 

"You  just  don't  want  me  to  ride  your  ha-ateful  o-o-old  bur- 
bur-ro-o-o-o !"  Vera  always  cried  when  she  began  to  get  angry. 

"Shucks !"  said  Isabel,  not  knowing  quite  how  to  proceed  at 
this  junctvire.  Tears  embarrassed  her  almost  as  much  as  if  she  had 
been  a  boy. 


888  OUT     WEST 

Johnny  and  Eulela  had  been  quite  silent  hitherto,  though  Johnny 
was  plainly  with  his  sister,  but  now  they  both  found  it  high  time 
to  interfere  with  the  stock  speech  for  such  occasions. 

"Aw !  quit  your  quarrelin'  and  go  to  fightin'." 

"I  don't  care !"  wept  Vera. 

Isabel  said  nothing.  And  Vera,  having  accomplished  her  object, 
dabbed  her  grimy  little  handkerchief  to  her  eyes  and  subsided. 

"Let's  race  to  the  big  tree,"  she  presently  proposed.  The  quarrel 
was  over. 

It  would  hardly  be  correct  though,  to  say  that  the  Jackson  girls 
and  the  little  Thornes  continued  now  on  as  good  terms  as  ever. 
Vera  could  not  resist  boasting  of  her  father's  strike,  of  the  ponies 
that  were  to  be  and  of  their  fast  approaching  "trip  East."  And 
Isabel,  trying  desperately  not  to  seem  jealous,  yet  found  it  impossible 
not  to  remind  her  that  her  father  said  that  mill-runs  didn't  atlways 
go  as  you  thought  they  would. 

Then  at  last  Jackson  and  Culver  were  ready  to  mill  their  first 
hundred  tons,  "From  which  we  should  realize  at  least  seven  thou- 
sand apiece,  Thorne,"  as  Mr.  Jackson  frequently  repeated. 

Isabel  and  her  mother  were  talking  about  it  one  morning,  while 
Mrs.  Thorne  ironed  and  Isabel  washed  dishes. 

"They  ought  to  know  soon  how  much  they  are  going  to  have 
from  this  mill-run,"  said  Mrs.  Thorne.  "And  I'm  sure  that  I 
hope  they  will  make  something.  I'd  like  to  see  somebody  make 
some  money  here,"  she  added. 

"Sometimes  I  'most  wish  they  wouldn't,"  Isabel  burst  forth, 
"Vera's  so  hateful — always  telling  what  she  can  do,  and  I  can'i, 
when  they're  rich." 

"Isabel !"    reproved   her   mother. 

And  at  that  instant,  Mrs.  Jackson  appeared  at  the  back  door, 
just  as  she  had  appeared  one  morning  a  few  weeks  before.  She 
wore  the  same  gay  wrapper,  too,  but  her  face  was  no  longer 
wreathed  in  smiles. 

"Don't  stop  for  me !"  she  begged,  as  she  had  begged  before.  And 
she  dropped  into  the  same  chair.    "I  had  to  tell  somebody " 

Her  voice  suddenly  broke,  and  her  head  went  down  on  her  arm 
on  a  corner  of  the  kitchen-table.  Isabel  had  never  seen  a  grown 
person  cry,  and  she  was  filled  with  amazement  and  terror. 

"You  see,"  sobbed  Mrs.  Jackson,  "they've  got  the  returns  from 
the  mill-run !"  There  she  paused,  and  Isabel  waited  in  silent  awe. 
Her  mother  tried  to  say  something  comforting.  Mrs.  Jackson  took 
her  face  from  her  arm  and  looked  up  miserably. 

"I  don't  know  how  it  happened,"  she  whispered.  "I  just  can't 
see  how  it  could  have  happened,  but  they've  got  the  returns  from 
the  mill-run  and — there's  nothing — positively  nothing!"  Mrs.  Jack- 


SCHOOL  DAYS  ON   THE  HASSAYAMPA.  889 

son  gazed  at  her  neighbor  with  eyes  that  were  quite  dry  now,  and 
strangely  blank. 

"I  can't  realize  it,"  she  went  on,  in  the  same  whisper.  "It  seems 
so  strange. — It  doesn't  seem  as  if  it  could  be. — We'd  got  it  all 
planned — what  we  should  do  with  the  money. — And  there's — noth- 
ing!— Mr.  Jackson  owes  the  mill  people  ten  dollars." 

"But,  Mrs.  Jackson!  Are  you  sure?  Isn't  there  some  mistake?" 
Isabel's  mother  wanted  to  give  her  some  comfort,  and  this  was 
the  only  one  that  suggested  itself. 

Mrs.  Jackson  shook  her  head  dully. 

"No!  The  mill  people  said — when  Byron  asked  them — that  he 
oughtn't  to  have  had  the  whole  ledge  milled.  He  ought  to  have 
sorted  the  ore.  He  had  the  assay  taken  of  the  best.  Byron — and 
Mr.  Culver — thought  it  was  all  just  alike.  But  the  man  that  picked 
out  the  assay  for  them  says — that  he  supposed — they'd  sort  it. 
And  the  ledge  was  wide — but  it  wasn't  all  good  ore,  you  know." 

"Well,  they  can  work  it  still  and  use  the  good  ore,  hereafter. 
These  things  so  often  happen  in  mining,  until  you're  used  to  it — or 
always!  It's  uncertain.  But  you  mustn't  give  up  hope  if  there 
is  still  good  ore."  Mrs.  Thorne  made  it  sound  as  comforting  as 
she  could,  but  Mrs.  Jackson  shook  her  head. 

"Byron  says  he'll  never  go  into  that  shaft  again. — And  I  must 
write  to  Mother. — I  must  go."     And  she  went  sadly  av/ay. 

That  afternoon,  the  Jackson  girls  appeared,  as  usual,  when  Isabel 
and  Johnny  were  preparing  for  their  ride. 

Isabel  greeted  them  with  a  warmth  that  she  had  not  shown  them 
for  a  long  time. 

"Come  and  ride,"  she  invited.  "You  can  have  the  saddles! 
And  Jack,  give  Vera  the  new  bridle,  too." 

Vera  fidgeted  nervously  from  one  foot  to  the  other.  Then, 

"We  won't  have  any  ponies !"  she  blurted  at  last. 

Isabel  seemed  to  feel  something  shutting  up  painfully  inside  of 
her. 

"I'm  awfully  sorry !"  she  answered  from  the  bottom  of  her  heart. 

Maxton,  Arizona. 


890 

PIMA  NURSERY  TALES 

By  FRANK  RUSSELL 
THE  FIVE  LITTLE  ORPHANS  AND  THEIR  AUNT. 

IVE  little  Indians  (not  Pimas)  were  once  left  orphans 
because  their  parents  had  been  killed  by  Apaches,  and 
they  got  their  aunt  (their  mother's  younger  sister)  to 
come  and  live  with  them.  She  had  no  man,  and  it  was 
very  hard  for  her  to  take  care  of  them.  One  day  the 
children  all  went  away  to  hunt,  and  they  were  met  by  five  little  rab- 
bits (cotton-tails)  in  the  mountains.  The  oldest  of  the  rabbits  came 
running  to  the  children  and  crying,  "Don't  shoot  me ;  I  have  some- 
thing to  tell  you."  So  the  children  stood  still  and  the  rabbit  said, 
"The  Apaches  have  come  to  your  place  and  burned  down  all  the 
houses ;  you  had  better  go  home  now."  But  the  children  surrounded 
the  rabbit  and  killed  it  with  an  arrow  and  took  it  home. 

When  they  reached  home,  they  saw  their  aunt  lying  outside  the 
ki  in  the  shade,  and  something  bloody  near  her.  The  oldest  boy 
said,  "Just  look  what  auntie  has  been  doing!  She's  been  eating 
our  paint  and  poisoned  herself."  But  it  was  blood  they  saw  coming 
out  of  her  mouth,  for  the  Apaches  had  come  and  killed  her.  When 
they  came  closer,  they  saw  that  a  bunch  of  her  hair  had  been  cut 
oflf,  and  she  looked  so  unnatural  in  death  that  they  thought  it  was 
somebody  else,  and  that  their  aunt  had  gone  away.  They  had  never 
seen  a  dead  person  before.  So  they  said,  "Let  us  dig  a  big  hole 
and  make  a  fire  all  day  long  and  put  hot  stones  in  it,  for  she  has  gone 
to  the  mountains  to  get  some  mescal."  So  they  did,  and  waited  all 
day  long  till  sunset,  when  she  usually  came,  but  she  did  not  come. 
Then  they  said,  "She  has  gone  far  and  has  a  heavy  load  and  is 
waiting  for  us  to  come  and  help  her ;  let  us  go."  But  the  oldest  boy 
said,  "No,  she  will  come  anyway,  she  always  does,  even  if  she  has 
a  heavy  load."  So  they  waited  till  night,  and  gave  her  up,  and  went 
into  the  house  to  sleep ;  but  they  kept  their  sandals  on,  as  the  Pimas 
always  did,  so  they  could  start  off  quickly  if  there  were  danger. 

In  their  sleep  they  heard  her  coming  in  her  sandals,  groaning  and 
murmuring,  so  they  all  got  up  and  went  outdoors.  They  heard  her 
go  and  look  into  the  fire-pit,  and  then  come  and  stand  in  their  midst. 
One  said,  "I  think  it  is  a  ghost ;"  so  they  turned  to  the  right  and  ran 
around  the  ki,  and  she  followed  them  around  and  around.  Finally 
they  all  went  inside,  still  pursued,  and  the  children  stood  on  each 
side  of  the  door  and  turned  into  stone.    And  the  woman  went  away. 

COYOTE  AND  THE  QUAIL. 

Once  Coyote  was  sleeping  very  soundly,  and  a  great  number  of 
quail  came  along  and  cut  pieces  of  fat  meat  out  of  him;  then  they 
went  on.    Just  as  they  were  cooking  the  meat  Coyote  overtook  them 


PIMA  NURSBRY  TALES  891 

and  said,  "Oh,  where  did  yon  get  that  nice  fat  meat?  Give  me 
some."  They  gave  him  some,  and  after  he  had  eaten  all  he  wanted 
he  went  on.  When  he  had  gone  a  little  way,  the  quail  called  after 
him,  "Coyote,  you  ate  your  own  meat." 

"What  did  you  say  ?" 

"Oh,  nothing;  we  heard  something  calling  behind  the  mountains." 

Presently  they  called  again,  "Coyote,  you  ate  your  own  meat." 

"What?" 

"Oh,  nothing;  we  heard  somebody  pounding  his  grinding  stone." 

So  Coyote  went  on ;  but  finally  he  felt  his  loss,  and  then  he  knew 
what  the  quail  meant.  So  he  said  he  would  eat  them  up,  and  turned 
around  after  them.  The  quail  flew  above  ground,  and  Coyote  ran 
under  them.  Finally  the  quail  got  tired,  but  Coyote  did  not,  for 
he  was  angry  and  did  not  feel  fatigue. 

By  and  by  they  came  to  a  hole,  and  one  of  the  smartest  quail  picked 
a  cholla  cactus  branch  and  pushed  it  into  the  hole,  and  they  all  ran 
in  after  it.  Coyote  dug  out  the  hole,  and  when  he  came  to  the  first 
quail  he  said,  "Was* it  you  that  told  me  I  ate  my  own  meat?" 

"No,"  said  the  quail,  so  he  let  him  go,  and  he  flew  away.  The 
next  one  he  asked  the  same  question  and  received  the  same  reply, 
and  let  him  go ;  and  so  on  till  the  last  quail  was  gone,  and  he  came 
to  the  cactus  branch.  This  was  so  covered  with  feathers  that  it 
looked  like  a  quail,  and  the  Coyote  asked  it  the  same  question.  There 
was  no  answer,  and  Coyote  said,  "I  know  it  was  you,  because  you 
do  not  answer."    So  he  bit  into  it  very  hard  and  it  killed  him. 

THE  WOMAN  AND  COYOTE. 

Once  the  river  rose  very  high  and  spread  over  the  land.  An  In- 
dian woman  was  going  along  with  tortillas  in  a  basket  on  her  head, 
and  she  waded  in  the  water  up  to  her  waist. 

Coyote  was  afraid  of  the  water,  so  he  was  up  in  a  cottonwood 
tree.  When  he  saw  the  woman,  he  said.  "Oh,  come  to  this  tree  and 
give  me  some  of  those  nice  tortillas." 

"No,"  said  the  woman,  "I  cannot  give  them  to  you;  they  are  for 
somebody  else." 

"If  you  do  not  come  here,  I  will  shoot  you,"  said  Coyote,  for  he 
was  supposed  to  have  a  bow.  So  she  came  to  the  tree  and  said,  "You 
must  come  down  and  get  them,  for  I  cannot  climb  trees." 

Coyote  came  down  as  far  as  he  dared,  but  he  was  afraid  of  the 
water. 

Then  the  woman  said,  "Just  see  how  shallow  it  is — only  up  to  my 
ankles."    But  she  was  standing  on  a  big  stump. 

Coyote  looked  and  thought  it  was  shallow,  so  he  jumped  down  and 
was  drowned.     And  the  woman  went  on. 


892  OUT     WEST 

THE  PIMA   BOY  AND  THE  APACHES. 

An  old  woman  once  lived  with  her  grandson.  The  boy's  father 
had  been  killed  by  the  Apaches  and  his  mother  taken  captive.  They 
had  treated  the  woman  very  badly,  and  burned  her  arms  with  hot 
ashes  and  coals,  and  made  big  scars.  The  boy  had  heard  these 
stories  about  his  mother. 

The  boy  and  the  old  woman  had  a  very  hard  time  getting  along, 
and  he  used  to  go  where  certain  persons  were  grinding  corn,  and 
brush  a  few  grains  as  they  fell  from  the  metate  into  his  blanket  and 
carry  them  home,  and  the  grandmother  would  make  soup  of  them, 
and  that  was  the  way  they  lived.  But  by  and  by  these  people  went 
away  and  when  the  boy  went  to  get  some  corn,  there  was  none  there 
and  he  had  nothing  to  take  home.  The  grandmother  scolded  him  and 
told  him  to  go  back ;  and  when  he  refused,  she  whipped  him. 

Then  he  said,  "I  know  where  my  mother  is,  and  I  am  going  to 
her." 

The  old  woman  said,  "No,  you  must  not;  the  Apaches  will  kill 
you." 

But  he  said,  "I  am  going ;  my  mother  will  not  let  them  harm  me." 
So  he  went. 

His  grandmother  trailed  him  to  the  mountains,  and  finally  from 
the  very  highest  peak  she  saw  him  going  along  toward  the  camp. 
She  also  saw  his  mother,  her  daughter-in-law,  out  alone  gathering 
seeds.  She  recognized  her  at  a  distance  by  the  shining  of  her  scars. 
The  old  woman  ran  after  the  boy,  but  when  she  caught  up  with  him 
he  stepped  aside  and  turned  into  a  saguaro.  Then  after  she  had 
turned  around  and  gone  back,  he  resumed  his  form  and  went  on  to 
his  mother. 

When  she  saw  him  she  cried  out,  "Don't  come  near  me,  the 
Apaches  will  kill  you ;  you  know  what  they  did  to  me,  and  they  will 
kill  you." 

"What  can  1  do  ?"  he  said.    "What  do  the  Apaches  like  ?" 

"They  like  little-  doves/^^ 

"Then  I  will  turn  into  a  little  dove." 

He  did  this,  and  she  carried  him  home  in  her  basket.  The 
Apaches  asked,  "What  is  that?"  and  she  replied,  "The  young  of  a 
dove;  so  I  brought  it  home."  But  when  the  Apaches  left  the  room 
they  could  hear  her  talking  to  it,  and  when  they  came  in  she  would 
be  still.  They  could  not  understand  the  words  but  knew  she  was 
speaking  her  own  language,  so  they  said,  "This  thing  belongs  to  her 
tribe.    Let  us  kill  it." 

So  they  went  in  and  the  chief  took  it  in  one  hand  and  smashed  it 
hard  with  the  other  and  the  pieces  came  through  between  his  fingers. 
These  pieces  then  flew  up  out  of  the  smoke  hole  and  turned  into  a 


PIMA  NURSERY  TALES  893 

flock  of  hawks,  and  they  fell  upon  the  Apaches  and  beat  them  all  to 
death  with  their  wings. 

Then  they  turned  back  into  the  boy  again  and  he  and  his  mother 
started  home.  But  when  they  reached  the  place  where  the  grand- 
mother had  turned  back  they  could  go  no  farther.  They  turned  into 
saguaros,  one  on  each  side  of  the  road. 

THE   BIRDS   AND  THE   FLOOD. 

When  the  waters  covered  all  the  earth  two  birds  were  hanging 
on  to  the  sky  with  their  beaks.  The  larger  "was  gray,  with  a  long 
tail  and  beak ;  the  smaller  was  the  tiny  bird  that  builds  its  nest  like 
an  olla,  with  only  a  very  small  opening  to  get  in.  The  larger  one 
cried  and  cried,  but  the  other  just  held  on  tight  and  said,  "Don't 
cry.  You  see  that  I'm  littler  than  you,  but  I'm  very  brave.  I  don't 
give  up  so  easily  as  you  do.  I  trust  in  God ;  He  will  take  care  of 
those  in  danger  if  they  trust  in  Him." 

DEATH   OF  COYOTE. 

After  the  waters  had  gone  down  Elder  Brother  said  to  Coyote, 
"Don't  touch  that  black  bug,  and  do  not  eat  the  mesquite  beans ;  it  "^ 
is  dangerous  to  harm  anything  that  came  safe  through  the  flood." 
So  Coyote  went  on,  but  presently  he  came  to  the  bug,  and  he  stopped 
and  ate  it  up.  Then  he  went  on  to  the  mesquite  beans  and  looked  at 
them  and  said,  "I  will  just  taste  one,  and  that  will  be  all."  But  he 
stood  there  and  ate  and  ate  till  they  were  all  gone.  And  the  beans 
swelled  up  in  his  stomach  and  killed  him. 

THE   BLUEBIRD  AND   COYOTE. 

The  bluebird  was  once  a  very  ugly  color.  But  there  was  a  lake 
where  no  river  flowed  in  or  out,  and  the  bird  bathed  in  this  four 
times  every  morning  for  four  mornings.     Every  morning  it  sang: 

Ga'to  setcu'  anon  ima  rsonga. 

Gunafiursa, 
Wus'sika  sivany  tcutcunofia. 
(There's  a  blue  water,  it  lies  there. 

I  went  in. 
I  am  all  blue.) 

On  the  fourth  morning  it  shed  all  its  feathers  and  came  out  in  its 
bare  skin,  but  on  the  fifth  morning  it  came  out  with  blue  feathers. 

All  this  while  Coyote  had  been  watching  the  bird ;  he  wanted  to 
jump  in  and  get  it,  but  was  afraid  of  the  water.  But  on  that  morn- 
ing he  said,  "How  is  this  all  your  ugly  color  has  come  out  of  you, 
and  now  you  are  all  blue  and  gay  and  beautiful  ?  You  are  more 
beautiful  than  anything  that  flies  in  the  air.  I  want  to  be  blue,  too."' 
Coyote  was  at  that  time  ''.  bright  green. 


894  OUT     WEST 

"I  only  went  in  four  times/*  said  the  bird;  and  it  taught  Coyote 
the  song,  and  he  went  in  four  times,  and  the  fifth  time  he  came  out 
as  blue  as  the  little  bird. 

That  made  him  feel  very  proud,  because  he  turned  into  a^blue 
coyote.  He  was  so  proud  that  as  he  walked  along  he  looked  about 
on  every  side  to  see  if  anyone  was  noticing  how  fine  and  blue  he 
was.  He  looked  to  see  if  his  shadow  was  blue,  too,  and  so  he  was 
not  watching  the  road,  and  presently  he  ran  into  a  stump  so  hard 
that  it  threw  him  down  in  the  dirt  and  he  became  dust-colored  all 
over.    And  to  this  day  all  coyotes  are  the  color  of  dirt. 

the;  boy  and  thk  beast. 

Once  an  old  woman  lived  with  her  daughter,  son-in-law,  and 
grandson.  They  were  following  the  trail  of  the  Apaches.  Whenever 
a  Pima  sees  the  track  of  an  Apache,  he  draws  a  ring  around  it  with 
a  stick,  and  then  he  can  catch  him  sooner.  But  at  night  while  they 
were  asleep  the  Apaches  came  and  grasped  the  man  and  woman  by 
the  hair  and  shook  them  out  of  their  skins  as  one  would  shake  corn 
out  of  a  sack,  and  the  old  woman  and  the  boy  were  left  alone.  They 
had  to  live  on  berries,  but  in  one  place  a  strange  beast,  big  enough  to 
swallow  people,  camped  by  the  bushes.  The  grandmother  told  the 
boy  not  to  go  there,  but  he  disobeyed  her ;  he  took  some  very  sharp 
stones  in  his  hands  and  went.  As  he  came  near  the  animal  began  to 
breathe,  and  the  boy  just  went  inside  of  him  and  was  swallowed  all 
up.  But  with  his  sharp  stones  he  cut  the  intestines  of  the  beast  so 
that  he  died.  When  the  grandmother  came  to  hunt  for  the  boy,  he 
came  out  to  meet  her  and  said,  "I  have  killed  the  animal." 

"Oh,  no;  such  a  little  boy  as  you  are  to  kill  such  a  dangerous 
beast !" 

"But  I  was  inside  of  him ;  just  look  at  the  stones  1  cut  him  with." 

Then  she  went  up  softly  and  saw  the  holes  and  believed.  And 
after  that  they  moved  down  among  the  berries  and  had  all  they 
wanted  to  eat. 

THE  THIRSTY  QUAIL. 

A  quail  had  more  than  twenty  children,  and  with  them  she  wan- 
dered over  the  whole  country  in  search  of  water  and  could  not  find 
it.  It  was  very  hot  and  they  were  all  crying,  "Where  can  we  get 
some  water?  Where  can  we  get  some  water?"  but  for  a  long  time 
they  could  find  none.  At  last,  away  in  the  north,  under  a  mesquite 
tree,  they  saw  a  pond  of  water,  but  it  was  very  muddy  and  not  fit 
to  drink.  But  they  had  been  wandering  so  many  days  and  were  so 
tired  that  they  stopped  in  the  shade,  and  by  and  by  they  went 
down  one  by  one  and  drank  the  water,  although  it  was  so  bad.  But 
when  they  had  all  had  enough  it  made  them  sick  and  they  died. 


POINSETTIA     IN     THE     TROPICS.  895 

THE  NAUGHTY  GRANDCHILDREN. 

An  old  woman  had  two  bright  grandchildren.  She  ground  wheat 
and  corn  every  morning  to  make  porridge  for  them.  One  day  as 
she  put  the  olla  on  the  fire  outside  the  house,  she  told  the  children 
not  to  fight  for  fear  they  would  upset  the  water.  But  they  soon 
began  quarreling,  for  they  did  not  mind  as  well  as  they  should,  and 
so  spilled  the  water,  and  the  grandmother  had  to  whip  them.  They 
became  angry  and  said  they  were  going  away.  She  tried  to  make 
them  understand  why  she  had  to  whip  them,  but  they  would  not 
listen,  and  ran  away.  She  ran  after  them,  but  could  not  catch  up. 
She  heard  them  whistling  and  followed  the  sound  from  place  to 
place,  until  finally  the  oldest  boy  said,  "I  will  turn  into  a  saguaro, 
so  I  shall  last  forever,  and  bear  fruit  every  summer."  And  the 
younger  said,  "Well,  I  will  turn  into  a  palo  verde  and  stand  there 
forever.  These' mountains  are  so  bare  and  have  nothing  on  them 
but  rocks,  so  I  will  make  them  green."  The  old  woman  heard  the 
cactus  whistling  and  recognized  the  voice  of  her  grandson  ;/so  she 
went  up  to  it  and  tried  to  take  it  into  her  arms,  and  the  thorns 
killed  her. 

And  that  is  how  the  saguaro  and  palo  verde  came  to  be. 


POINSCTTIA  IN  the:  TROPICS 

By  ALICE  GARLAND. 
LONG  lane  winds,  and  winding  lies 
Beneath  the  blue  of  tropic  skies, 
Its  fluted  cactus  walls  deep-dyed 
In  crimson  bloom,  while  far  and  wide 
From  out  the  tangled  depths'  dark  haze 

Hibiscus  flares  a  silken  blaze. 

And  on,  far  down  the  worn  road-way. 

Falters  a  plaintive  old  love  lay 

From  thatched  hut  nestling  'mid  the  leaves 

Of  palm  and  reed  and  all  the  weaves 

Of  fern  and  flower  the  hot-lands  make. 

On,  oleanders  wand'ring  take 

Their  roseate  hues  the  lane  along 

As  though  the  very  dawn  among 

The  leaves  had  come.     Far  up  aloft, 

In  trees  with  orchid  garlands  tost 

'Midst  orange  branch  in  white-starred  sprays, 

Poinsettia  glows  in  ruby  rays. 
Atlixco.  Mexico. 


3?7 


ING  AMERI 


Q]s^  Oe^^^e^DHe^i3.1e^3i 


"RUSH  or  •49" 


■^^^^.^^ 


Stockton's  Great  Out-Door  Drama  of  Material  Progress. 


By  J.  M.  Eddy. 

HE  city  of  San  Francisco  searched  feverishly  in  the  half-for- 
gotten shreds  of  early  Spanish  adventure  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
for  a  name  with  which  to  conjure  a  celebration  worthy  of 
her  reborn  might.  Thus,  Portold  was  brought  to  light  and 
his  accidental  elevation  to  command  in  California  and  his 
more  accidental  discovery  of  San  Francisco  Bay  were  given 
undue  prominence,  and  possibly  immortality,  in  the  effort  of  the  city  to 
worthily  celebrate  its  reconstruction.  Thus,  the  festival  which  was  pro- 
moted in  the  metropolis  took,  a  Spanish  flavor,  and  the  people  wondered 
why  Portol4  had  been  chosen. 

The  city  of  Stockton,  during  the  last  week  of  October  and  immediately 
following  the  Portola  Festival,  celebrated  the  sixtieth  anniversary  of  the 
stampede  to  the  gold  mines  along  the  Sierras  by  a  historical  drama  which 
was  given  a  name  from  a  catchy  phrase  woven  into  history  and  traditions 
of  the  State  as  the  "Rush  of  '49."  This  celebration,  which  originally 
attempted  to  do  honor  to  the  sturdy  Pioneers  who  first  converted  the  western 
slopes  into  stirring  scenes  of  activity  and  wealth,  was  expanded  as  the 
conception  developed  into   a  veritable  out-door  drama  in  which,  during   a 


How  They  Got  Here  in  '49 


SEEING    AMERICA 


899 


succession  of  five  days,  was  to  be  re-enacted  the  progress  of  industrial 
development  and  civilization  for  the  sexagenal  period  from  1849  to  1909. 
'The  celebration' grew  out  of  a  chance  suggestion  which  was  developed  by 
the  Stockton  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  a  special  committee  which  enlisted 
the  co-operation  of  the  merchants,  manufacturers  and  fraternal  orders  of 
the  city,  in  one  of  the  most  unique  and  successful  celebrations  which  has 
ever  been  held  in  the  western  world. 

The  chief  paved  square  or  common  of  the  city  of  Stockton,  adjacent  to 
its  beautiful  Courthouse,  was  converted  into  a  miners'  camp  by  installing 
a  series  of  rude  and  flimsy  cabins,  and  through  the  co-operation  of  skilled 
mechanics  one  corner  of  this  area  was  converted  into  the  semblance  of 
Sierran  peaks,  at  the  foot  of  which  pay  gravel  was  brought  from  the  distant 
Sierras  and  deposited,  and  through  all  a  water  course  meandered  from  an 
adjacent  hydrant. 


Alto  Paradk  on  INIain   Streki 


Along  this  manufactured  stream,  experienced  miners  from  Calaveras  and 
adjoining  regions  were  introduced  to  show  the  actual  processes  of  mining 
in  the  early  days  by  pan  and  rocker,  and  in  plain  sight  of  the  multitudes, 
particles  of  gold  were  washed  from  the  gravel  as  they  were  washed  during 
the  pioneer  stage  of  gold  mining  in  the  placers  of  the  Sierra  Mountains. 
This  demonstration  of  gold  mining  was  continued  throughout  the  week  and 
it  was  a  feature  so  realistic  that  the  remnant  of  gold  miners  of  '49  who 
gathered  at  Stockton  from  all  parts  of  the  State  were  loud  in  their  praises 
of  its  fidelity  to  early  scenes. 

During  the  five  days  of  the  "Rush  of  '49"  at  Stockton,  each  day  covered 
a  distinct  period,  the  first  being  given  over  to  a  representation  of  the  early 
scenes  in  California,  in  which  groups  of  Mexicans,  Indians  and  cattle  men 
mingled,  the  only  inhabitants  prior  to  the  discovery  of  gold.  The  real 
ceremonies   began   with   the    arrival   of  the   Pony  Express   at  the   Stockton 


OF  -HE 

UNSVERSITY 


SEEING    AMERICA 


901 


water-front,  announcing  to  excited  groups  the  discovery  of  gold.  Soon 
waterway  craft,  laden  with  gold-seekers,  made  their  way  to  the  head  of 
the  channel,  and,  hastily  debarking  with  their  luggage,  a  motley  procession 
was  formed  which  paraded  the  principal  streets  of  the  city  with  their 
luggage  and  implements  in  the  rush  to  the  gold-fields.  This  parade  was  the 
signal  for  the  opening  of  the  mining  camp  and  soon  that  became  a  scene 
of  activity  around  which  revolved  the  whole  drama,  which,  for  five  days, 
became  the  center  of  interest  for  the  entire  State,  and  in  which  forty  or 
fifty  thousand  people  participated. 

A  stage  coach  of  the  early  days  was  started  and  made  continual  trips 
through  the  city,  a  campaign  for  the  election  of  alcalde  began  early  the 
first  day,  and  before  the  middle  of  the  afternoon  the  alcalde's  court  was 
in  full  blast,  and  from  the  judgment  seat  a  local  attorney  found  sufficient 


The  Landing  of  the  Miners 

material  in  the  actual  histories  of  the  State  to  amuse  the  multitude  with 
some  of  the  most  peculiar  and  fantastic  decisions  ever  recorded. 

A  Mexican  cafe  was  established  on  the  grounds  to  attract  the  crowds  and 
give  them  refreshment,  and  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary  of  the  Pioneers  established 
a  Beanery,  at  which  not  only  the  survivors  of  the  early  rush,  but  more 
modern  residents  and  visitors,  could  secure  a  substantial  meal  in  the  style 
of   '49. 

But  the  first  day  had  not  closed  before  dissatisfaction  grew  up  among  the 
miners  about  the  ineffectiveness  of  Mexican  administration  and  justice, 
and  the  second  day  the  alcalde's  court  was  succeeded  by  the  Vigilance  Com- 
mittee, which  made  a  feature  of  summary  judgment  to  the  evildoers  who 
frequented  the  camp. 

One  of  the  striking  evening  features  of  the  week  was  the  attack  on  the 
miners'  camp  by  Indians  on  the  first  night.  The  local  branch  of  the  Order 
of  Redmen  took  the  part  of  the  Indians  and  maintained  it  with  faithfulness 
throughout  the  week.     The  Indian  attack  was   spectacular,  and    the  camp 


CDClAm 


E  FR>/? Tt^/Vf  VV. t.S  I B^' 


A  Stockton  Street 


"A 
< 

X 

u 

z 

o 


in 


SEEING    AMERICA 


907 


was  only  saved  by  the  arrival  of  troops  from  the  Grand  Army  Post  stationed 
near  by. 

A  striking  feature  of  the  Stockton  celebration  was  a  distinct  parade 
each  day.  The  second  day's  parade  waa  made  of  prairie  schooners  which 
had  been  collected  from  all  parts  of  the  adjacent  country,  and  some  of 
which  had  actually  crossed  the  plains  in  '49,  '50  and  '51.  These  were 
mostly  hauled  by  horses  of  the  period,  but  one  yoke  of  oxen  and  a  number 
of  burros  were  found  to  give  it  a  semblance  of  the  earlier  days. 

On  the  third  day,  an  agricultural  parade  was  featured,  and  was  designed 
to  show  the  transition  from  the  mining  period  to  that  of  agriculture.  The 
promoters  aimed  to  have  a  moving  exhibit  of  the  products  of  San  Joaquin 
soil  that  should  show  in  all  their  diversity  the  resourcefulness  of  a  won- 
derful agricultural  region.  Unfortunately,  an  early  morning  rain  and 
threatening  weather  prevented  many  of  the  farmers  from  taking  part,  and 
only  one  section    of  the  county  was  thoroughly  represented,  but  this  was 


Stocktox  Channkl 

so  well  done  that  it  constituted  one  of  the  most  unique  and  successful  repre- 
sentations ever  given  in  the  State. 

Farmers  came  with  their  products,  in  the  wagons  that  they  were  accus- 
tomed to  driving  to  the  Stockton  market;  and  thus  grain,  hay,  fruit  and 
vegetables,  and  dairy  and  poultry  products,  meat  and  the  special  food 
products  which  have  made  San  Joaquin  famous,  loads  of  watermelons  and 
casabas,  were  brought  in  from  distant  portions  of  the  county,  and  formed 
in  one  procession  which  moved  along  the  principal  streets  of  the  city  and 
finally  dissolved  and  the  contents  of  the  wagons  found  their  destination 
in  the  ready  markets  of  the  modern  produce-dealers. 

The  fourth  day,  an  automobile  parade  was  featured  and  was  designed  to 
illustrate  how  in  the  twentieth  century  a  rush  to  the  mines  might  be  expe- 
dited. This  was  one  of  the  most  successful  automobOe  processions  ever 
organized  in  the  State,  and  128  automobiles  of  various  types  and  with  little 
decoration,  except  that  of  carrying  the  suggestive  bear  flag,  moved  in  single 
file  first,  and  afterwards  countermarched  througlj   the  chief  streets  of  the 


908 


OUT    WEST 


city  and  exhibited  not  only  how  in  modern  times  a  rush  to  the  gold  mines 
could  be  made,  but  illustrated  farther  the  favorite  method  of  travel  for  the 
prosperous  farmers  of  the  adjacent  region  in  running  to  the  county  seat 
and  the  market-places  of  Stockton. 

On  the  fifth  day,  a  combined  parade  of  the  manufacturers  of  the  city 
and  of  the  oriental  contingent  was  given,  which  was  one  of  the  most  unique 
and  successful  of  the  week.  All  of  the  principal  manufacturers  of  Stockton 
were  listed  in  the  parade,  and  to  a  large  majority  of  the  Stockton  people, 
themselves,  it  was  a  veritable  surprise  and  education  to  see  in  a  moving 
exhibit  to  what  extent  and  perfection  the  great  factories  of  the  Gateway 
City  have  arrived. 

In  this  parade  were  seen  traction  engines  and  harvesters  and  the  famous 
"caterpillar  engine"  which  is  doing  so  much  service  in  the  Owens  River 


oRPEDO  Boat  Leaving  Stockton  Channel 


construction,  designed  to  carry  water  to  Los  Angeles,  and  for  the  building 
of  which  new  factories  have  been  established  in  Illinois,  Minneapolis  and 
Winnipeg,  as  branches  of  the  great  Holt  establishment  in  Stockton.  Here, 
too,  were  found  representative  exhibits  from  the  Sperry  Mills,  the  first 
flouring  mill  built  in  the  State  of  California  and  now  one  of  the  largest 
concerns  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  Stockton  Iron  Works,  which  supplies 
dredgers  for  the  reclamation  of  land  in  all  Pacific  States;  ore  cars  manu- 
factured in  Stockton  for  Arizona,  Nevada  and  the  Sierra  Mountains;  the 
California  Canneries,  which  here  has  one  of  the  greatest  preserving  plants 
on  the  Coast;  the  Pacific  Tannery;  the  Great  Brewery  and  Winery;  Glove 
Factory,  Sampson's  gas  engine  works,  numerous  foundries  and  other  con- 
cerns, were  represented  and  illustrated  the  character,  variety  and  quality 
of  active  industries  that  are  producing  $15,000,000  worth  of  products  in 
this  city  for  the  consumption  of  the  world  at  large. 

In  addition  to  the  service  secured  from  the  various  fraternal  orders,  clubs 


SEEING    AMERICA 


909 


and  organizations  of  Stockton,  the  Chinese  made  a  direct  contribution  to 
the  success  and  gayety  of  the  celebration  by  raising  a  fund  and  importing 
a  troup  of  Chinese  actors,  which,  throughout  the  week,  gave  two  entertain- 
ments daily,  and  also  by  bringing  their  famous  dragon  and  entering  the 
parade  with  the  manufacturers  the  last  day,  which,  as  a  special  compliment 
to  the  oriental  co-operation,  was  taken  through  Chinatown.  The  Japanese 
residents  also  assisted  by  contributing  a  fund  and  by  furnishing  a  feature 
in  wrestling  and  sword  play. 

Some  of  the  subordinate  features  of  the  celebration,  in  addition  to  the 
attack  of  the  Indians  on  the  mining  camp,  was  the  attack,  also  of  Indians, 
on  one  of  the  prairie  schooners  the  second  day,  and  the  burning  of  the 
wagon  on  the  public  streets  of  Stockton.  The  stage  coach  also  was  held  up 
on  the  same  street  amidst  a  throng  of  people,  and  the  local  Order  of  Wood- 
men, who  were  acting  as  the  Vigilance  Committee,  pursued  and   captured 


Stockton  in  1850 


the  bandits,  tried  them  before  Judge  Lynch,  and  summarily  executed  them 
on  the  public  square  in  the  mining  camp. 

On  the  fourth  day,  an  exhibition  in  bronco-busting  and  a  Wild  West  show 
was  given  by  a  contingent  of  local  Mexicans,  and  an  athletic  contest  the  last 
day  in  the  afternoon  was  the  culminating  feature  of  the  program.  When 
the  drama  had  reached  the  fourth  stage  of  progress,  had  passed  through 
the  agricultural  transition  period  and  was  brought  up  to  the  days  of 
modern  transit,  the  wireless  development  of  science  in  communication  was 
represented  on  the  public  square,  and  wireless  messages  were  received  from 
all  quarters  of  the  world,  keeping  the  multitude  in  touch  with  sensational 
news  items  from  various  lands,  and  congratulations  were  received  from 
potentates  all  over  the  world  at  the  success  of  this  novel  drama. 

Stockton  occupied  a  peculiar  and  important  position  relative  to  the  mining 
days  of    '49,  for  it  was  to  this  point  that  the  stream  of  immigration  came 


910 


OUT    WEST 


for  distribution  in  the  rush  to  the  mines.  The  vessels  that  came  around 
the  Horn  with  gold  seekers,  both  from  the  European  coast  and'  from  the 
Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United  States,  made  their  way  up  the  San  Joaquin 
Eiver  and  Stockton  Channel  to  the  head  of  the  tide-water  navigation  at 
Stockton,  and  there  passengers  with  their  belongings  debarked  and  made 
their  way  hastily  to  the  new-found  mines. 

The  chief  highways  that  radiate  from  Stockton  in  fan-like  shape  toward 
the  mines,  are  merely  the  developed  arteries  of  travel  and  commerce  from 
the  miners'  pslhs  of  the  early  days,  seeking  the  nearest  cut  to  the  mines 
of  Mariposa,  Tuolumne,  Calaveras  and  Amador.  And  the  recent  decision 
of  the  people  of  San  Joaquin  County  to  expend  $2,000,000  in  the  construction 
of  permanent  highways  in  the  county,  is  the  finishing  touch  that  advanced 
civilization  is  putting  on  the  trails  that  led  the  adventurous  men  of  '49  to 
seek  the  gold  of  the  Mother  Lode  region. 

The  result  of  the  Stockton  celebration  was  even  greater,  more  far- 
reaching,  and  more  successful  than  the  promoters  themselves  had  expected. 
It  attracted  not  only  the  '49er  and  the  miner  from  every  part  of  the  State, 
but  also  the  attention  of  publicists  and  literary  men  all  over  the  United 
States,  from  whom  came  anxious  inquiries  of  the  event  for  illustrations 
of  the  features  which  made  it  really  an  historical  drama,  picturing  the 
advance  of  sixty  years,  in  out-door  acts,  such  as  were  never  before  at- 
tempted in  the  West,  acts  in  which  forty  or  fifty  thousand  people  parti- 
cipated and  which  have  left  a  memory  with  Stockton  and  in  California 
that  will  not  be  forgotten  for  years  to  come. 

This  drama  was  in  the  interest  of  the  multitude  who  rushed  with  a  fever 
of  gold  to  the  mines  and  became  the  developers  of  resource  and  wealth 
and  the  makers  of  one  of  the  most  resourceful  commonwealths  of  the 
Eepublic.  It  has  crystallized  a  sentiment  which  has  permeated  the  whole 
commonwealth  for  years  and  on  which  has  been  founded  history,  tradition 
and  social  standards;  it  has  brought  out  many  reminiscences  and  a  variety 
of  facts  relating  to  early  days  which  were  previously  unknown  or  un- 
recorded. 


THE  VlllA<f  CUT   ui^ 


Some  Lodi  Boosters 


911 


OAKLAND 


By  Edwin  Steams. 

SOMEONE  has  said  that  "no  matter  where  a  railroad  ter- 
minates, a  large  city  is  destined  to  develop."  If  such  is 
the  fact,  and  it  certainly  seems  reasonable,  what  may  be 
expected  of  a  city  in  which  three  great  transcontinental  rail- 
roads have  their  terminals?  It  is  also  a  well-known  fact  that 
where  rail  and  water  transportation  are  united,  competitive 
freight  rates  prove  an   inherent  factor  for  the  location,  of  manufactories. 

There  is  one  California  city  located  in  the  Coast  center  of  the  State 
equidistant  between  Del  Norte  and  San  Diego  Counties  in  which  the  Southern 
Pacific  and  its  allied  branch  the  Central  Pacific,  Santa  Fe  Railway  Company 
and  the  Western  Pacific  Eailway  Company  all  terminate  their  land  journey 
upon  its  shores,  and  from  which  city  to  the  metropolis  of  the  State — San 
Francisco — all  passengers  and  freight  are  transferred  by  ferry  (a  distance 
of  approximately  six  miles).     That  city  is  OAKLAND. 

Nature  ordained  that  Oakland,  California,  should  be  the  principal  com- 
mercial city  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  within  the  past  few  years  the  rapid 
strides  made  by  Oakland  in  population  and  manufacturing  importance  would 
tend  to  prove  that  the  city  is  now  awake  to  its  opportunities  and  that  East- 
ern manufacturers  are  also  alive  to  the  advantages  of  a  California  city  upon 
whose  level  water-front  are  unexcelled  manufacturing  sites  in  touch  with 
transportation  by  rail  and  water. 

Surrounded  on  three  sides  by  a  spur  of  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains — 
as  though  with  outstretched  arms  these  hills  were  forming  a  protection  from 
the  cold  winds  of  the  North  and  East — and  with  a  gradual  slope  from  the 
hills  to  a  water-frontage  of  fifteen  miles,  is  situated  the  city  of  Oakland, 
the  most  ideally  located  city  from  a  commercial  standpoint  to  be  found  in 
the  great  West. 

Founded  less  than  sixty  years  ago,  Oakland  in  1890  had  a  population  of 
48,632,  which  during  the  next  decade  increased  to  66,960  according  to  the 
census  of  1900  and  which,  when  the  census  is  enumerated  next  year,  will 
show  a  population  of  upwards  of  225,000,  or  a  growth  during  the  past  decade 
of  more  than  three  times  the  population  of  the  first  half-hundred  years  of 
the  life  of  the  municipality. 

Despite  this  wonderful  increase  in  population,  statistics  show  that  there 
is  no  diminution,  but  on  the  other  hand  a  constant,  gradual  increase,  totally 
devoid  of  any  symptoms  of  a  boom. 

The  bank-clearings  of  a  community  are  as  good  a  criterion  as  can  be 
found  to  denote  the  prosperity  of  a  city.  The  figures  issued  by  the  Oakland 
Clearing  House  for  the  nine  months  in  1908  (these  nine  months  taken  simply 
for  comparison  with  the  same  length  of  time  in  1909)  show  the  bank- 
clearings  for  Oakland  to  have  been  $55,690,963.40,  while  for  the  same  period 
this  year,  they  amounted  to  $71,900,182.02,  or  an  increase  of  over  sixteen 
millions  of  dollars. 

For  the  same  period  in  1908  there  docked  at  the  wharves  in  Oakland  1295 
vessels  with  a  total  tonnage  of  661,554,  exclusive  of  daily  river-boats  and 
the  ferries;  while  this  year  for  the  first  nine  months  there  were  1906  vessels 
with  a  tonnage  of  960,968 — an  increase  of  611  vessels  and  299,414  in  ton- 
nage. 

In  order  to  care  for  this  greatly  increased  commerce,  the  City  of  Oakland 
is  about  to  issue  bonds  in  the  amount  of  over  one  and  one-half  millions  of 


SBBING    AMERICA  915 

dollars  for  the  construction  of  municipal  wharves  and  warehouses  in  the 
Oakland  Harbor  and  on  thd  Western  water-front.  In  Oakland  Harbor  alone, 
the  report  of  the  engineer  provides  for  an  expenditure  of  $2,530,000,  in 
addition  to  which  plans  are  now  being  drawn  for  wharves  in  what  is  known 
as  the  Western  water-front,  facing  upon  San  Francisco  Bay  and  directly 
opposite  the  Golden  Gate.  The  citizens  of  Oakland  will  be  called  upon  early 
next  month  (November)  to  cast  their  ballots  for  a  proposed  bond  issue 
amounting  in  round  figures  to  $2,503,000,  to  be  used  in  addition  to  the  afore- 
mentioned figures  for  a  new  City  Hall,  Police  Telegraph  and  Fire  Alarm 
Building  and  other  up-to-date  municipal  projects. 

Manufactories  are  locating  along  Oakland  water-front  and  in  touch  with 
rail  transportation  to  such  an  extent  that  the  demands  for  electric  power 
are  exceptionally  large.  At  the  present  time,  the  Oakland  Gas,  Light  and 
Heat  Company  furnishes  electric  power  aggregating  one  hundred  thousand 


In  Piedmont  Park,  Oakland 


horse-power;  and  the  Great  Western  Power  Company,  which  has  a  plant 
on  the  Feather  Kiver,  has  nearly  completed  its  immense  power  plant  in 
Oakland  capable  of  supplying  an  additional  one  hundred  thousand  horse- 
power. The  former  company  is  the  distributing  agent  for  the  Bay  Counties 
Power  Company,  the  Standard  Electric  Company  and  the  Pacific  Gas  and 
Electric  Company,  while  the  Great  Western  Power  Company  is  a  compara- 
tively new  concern. 

The  city  is  also  alive  to  the  utilization  of  its  natural  resources  for  fire- 
protection,  and  at  the  present  time  ten-inch  salt-water  mains  are  being  laid 
in  the  business  section  and  connected  with  a  salt-water  auxiliary  fire-station, 
to  be  operated  entirely  separate  from  the  existing  fire-department.  At  each 
street  intersection  throughout  the  entire  business  section,  hydrants  have  been 
installed,  each  hydrant  having  five  connections  for  three-inch  hose;  thus 
in  every  block  of  two  hundred  or  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  ten  streams 


w 


J 


o 


SEEING    AMERICA 


919 


of  water  from  this  salt-water  auxiliary  system  may  be  turned  simultaneously 
on  to  any  fire  from  two  hydrants — having  a  pressure  of  two  hundred  pounds 
per  square  inch  at  the  pumping  station. 

The  pumping  station,  situated  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Merritt  (a  natural 
salt-water  lake  of  one  hundred  and  seventy  acres,  within  five  minutes'  walk 
of  the  business  center,  filled  and  emptied  by  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide), 
furnishes  the  power  for  this  auxiliary  system.  In  addition  to  this  practically 
perfect  fire-protection  system  is  a  modern  fire-department  consisting  of  ten 
fire-engine  companies,  two  chemical-engine  companies,  four  combined  chemi- 
cal and  hose  companies  and  five  ladder-truck  companies,  of  which  three  are 
combined  chemicals. 

The  city  rises  gradually  from  the  water-front  to  a  base  of  a  spur  of  the 
Coast  Kange  of  mountains,  thus  furnishing  unsurpassed  sewerage  conditions, 


Long  Wharf,  Oakland,  VViieke  Railroad  and  Ship  Meet 


in  conjunction  with  whichi  is  a  modern  system  of  sewerage  second  to  no 
city  in  the  United  States.  Thus  the  healthfulness  of  the  city  of  Oakland 
is  attested.  Figured  on  an  estimated  population  of  only  165,000,  whereas 
the  real  population  of  Oakland  is  in  excess  of  200,000,  the  annual  death- 
rate  per  thousand  in  1908  was  but  10.53%,  while  thus  far  in  1909,  the  per- 
centage is  very  much  less. 

Oakland  is  justly  proud  of  her  public  school  system  and  the  fact  that  her 
schools  rank  among  the  highest  in  the  United  States.  There  are  twenty-two 
public  school  buildings  which  will  compare  favorably  with  public  educa- 
tional buildings  in  any  city  in  the  West.  In  addition  thereto  is  a  completely 
equipped  observatory,  connected  with  the  Oakland  High  School,  in  which 
the  study  of  astronomy  is  made  effective  and  interesting  with  the  aid  of  the 
most   modern  astronomical  instruments. 

With  the  expenditure  in  any  community  of  in  round  figures  twenty  mil- 
lions  of   dollars   of   outside   capital,   it   goes   without   saying   that   property 


SEEING    AMERICA 


921 


liuTEL   St.    Makk,   Uakland 

values  throughout  the  municipality  are  greatly  enhanced.  Eepresentatives 
of  the  Southern  Pacific,  Santa  F6  and  Western  Pacific  railroads  have  stated 
publicly  that  vast  sums  of  money  will  be  expended  in  Oakland  and  environs 
within  the  next  five  years  in  improvements  alone.  The  Southern  Pacific 
Company  has  erected  a  large  electrical  power-plant  and  is  electricising  all 
its  suburban  lines  in  Oakland,  Berkeley,  Alameda  and  Fruitvale.  The  Santa 
F6  is  making  many  improvements;  the  San  Francisco,  Oakland  and  San 
Jose  Eailway  Company  (familiarly  known  as  the  Key  Eoute)  is  spending 
thousands  of  dollars  monthly  in  trackage  additions  and  improvements,  ana 
within  thirty  days  the  Western  Pacific  Eailway  Company  will  be  running 
through  trains  from  the  East  into  Oakland.  Such  improvements  by  great 
transcontinental  railroads  terminating  in  Oakland  bespeak  confidence  in 
the  future  growth  of  the  city,  as  well  as  necessity  to  care  for  the  present 
traffic. 

Oakland  has  256.43  miles  of  graded,  curbed  and  macadamized  streets, 
15.42  miles  of  bituminized  streets,  540.72  miles  of  sidewalk  and  246.33  miles 
of  sewers  at  the  present  time,  and  in   addition  thereto  the  Street  Depart- 


922 


OUT    WEST 


ment,  Board  of  Public  Works  and  City  Council  have  passed  recommenda- 
tions and  are  advertising  for  the  permanent  improvement  of  nearly  200 
blocks  of  streets  with  asphalt,  macadam  and  basalt  blocks. 

Alameda  County  is  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  streets  and  boulevards 
and  thousands  of  automobilists  from  San  Francisco  and  other  bay  cities  on 
Sundays  and  holidays  take  advantage  of  these  conditions. 

Aside  from  the  Western  water-front,  Oakland  possesses  a  perfectly  land- 
locked harbor  in  which  vessels  may  ride  at  anchor  in  perfect  safety  in  any 
storm.  Eailroad  tracks  parallel  the  harbor  line  and  the  ever-increasing 
manufactories  are  thus  enabled  to  ship  either  by  rail  or  water.  At  the 
present  time  there  is  a  depth  of  water  of  twenty-five  feet  at  low  tide  for 
nearly  four  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  and  for  the  additional  two 
miles  a  depth  of  seventeen  feet  at  low  water  with  a  rise  of  tide  of  six  feet, 
thus  allowing  at  high  tide  vessels  drawing  practically  thirty  feet  to  enter 


An  Oakland  Residence 

Oakland  Harbor.  The  shores  of  the  harbor  are  particularly  level,  making 
ideal  factory  sites. 

The  climate  of  Oakland  is  exhilarating  and  not  debilitating.  Hundreds 
of  the  principal  business  men  of  San  Francisco  and  other  bay  cities  have 
their  homes  in  Oakland,  that  their  families  may  take  advantage  of  the  better 
climatic  conditions  and  the  excellence  of  the  public  school  system.  No 
finer  residences  or  more  picturesque  residence  sites  can  be  found  in  any 
city  than  in  Oakland.  From  the  residences  in  the  foothills,  magnificent 
views  of  hill  and  vale,  out  through  the  Golden  Gate,  and  of  the  bay  to  the 
extent  of  one 's  vision,  add  to  the  value  of  residence  sites  in  Oakland  and 
environs. 

Hence,  is  it  any  wonder  that  Oakland  is  increasing  so  rapidly  in  popula- 
tion, in  manufacturing  importance  and  as  a  commercial  city?  In  fact, 
Oakland  is  rightly  termed  the  "City  of  Opportunity." 


923 
THE  VALLEY  OF  SANTA  CLARA 


By  Geo.  H.  Stipp. 

INGE  the  days  when  adventurous  cavaliers  sailed  up  and  down 
the  Pacific  Coast  on  exploring  and  marauding  expeditions, 
California,  the  charmed  land  of  mystery  and  fabled  wealth, 
has  thrown  out  a  lure  to  the  world.  Many  have  come  and 
many  more  are  still  coming  to  her  golden  shores.  Perhaps  no 
one  section,  throughout,  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  State, 
has  more  to  say  for  itself,  historically  and  presently,  than  Santa  Clara  Valley, 
which  Bayard  Taylor,  that  well  accredited  and  highly  descriptive  writer, 
denominated  "one  of  the  three  most  beautiful  valleys  in  the  world."  Yet, 
wrapped  in  a  thousand  valuable  resources,  it  has  even  more  than  mere 
beauty  to  commend  it.  To  describe  fittingly  its  great  and  varied  beauties 
and  to  tell  with  adequate  fulness  all  that  in  it  profiteth  the  hand  of  man, 
would  demand  space  unlimited  and  words  without  number.  All  that  any 
writer  can  do  within  the  brief  confines  of  a  magazine  article,  is  to  outline 
casually  some  of  the  most  prominent  features '  of  its  physical  nature,  his- 
torical past  and  present  civic  life. 

The  Santa  Clara  Valley  was  settled  by  the  old  Franciscan  friars,  under 
Father  Junipero  Serra,  in  1777 — the  same  intrepid  pioneers  whose  memory 
now  lies  shrouded  in  the  romance  of  the  past  and  who  left  their  finger- 
marks upon  the  pages  of  history  in  so  many  places  along  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific.  Within  the  limits  of  this  valley,  two  of  the  Franciscan  missions 
still  stand,  one  at  Santa  Clara,  three  miles  west,  and  one  at  Mission  San 
Jose,  a  few  miles  to  the  north  and  east. 

Much  might  be  written  of  the  peaceful  days  when  the  country  was  dom- 
inated by  spectacular  Dons  and  fair  Senoritas,  of  the  civilizing  and  Chris- 
tianizing of  the  early  Indian  inhabitants,  of  the  famous  old  "Alameda" 
which  extended,  a  shade-embowered  avenue,  from  the  old  Pueblo  de  San 
Jose  to  the  Mission  de  Santa  Clara,  of  the  unique  life  led  in  those  days,  of 
the  coming  of  the  "Gringo,"  as  the  English-speaking  immigrant  was  called, 
and  of  the  development  of  the  State  into  modern  life  around  her  first  capital, 
San  Jose.  But  we  of  today  have  first  and  most  concern  with  those  present 
conditions  of  which  this  article  will  chiefly  treat. 

Santa  Clara  Valley,  when  in  the  simple  robes  of  nature,  was  park-like  in 
its  general  aspect  and  dotted  with  groves  of  magnificent  oaks.  Within  the 
county,  the  valley  is  from  north  to  south,  fifty  miles  in  length  with  a  maxi- 
mum width  at  the  northern  end  of  twenty-five  miles,  tapering  to  a  point 
at  the  southern  end.  On  the  eastern  side,  it  is  bounded  by  the  inner  Coast 
Range,  the  higher  peaks  of  which  rise  to  an  elevation  of  about  four  thou- 
sand feet,  the  lower  foothills  of  the  range  being  piled  one  above  another 
in  a  series  of  rounding  terraces. 

The  west  side  of  the  valley  is  formed  by  another  branch  of  the  Coast 
Range,  a  more  angular  series  of  mountains  separating  the  valley  from  the 
coast  line  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  These  mountains  are  covered  with  forests 
of  redwood,  pine,  madrono,  laurel  and  other  indigenous  trees,  and  afford 
also  in  cleared  areas  many  splendid  acres  of  orchard  and  vineyard  under  the 
cultivation  of  man. 

From  the  crest  of  this  range,  reaching  skyward  four  thousand  feet,  many 
entrancing  vistas  can  be  caught  of  the  blue  waters  of  Monterey  Bay  and 
the  Pacific  on  the  one  hand;  and,  on  the  other,  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley, 
with  its  ten  thousand  homes  gleaming  white  among  the  trees  of  her  fruitful 
orchards. 


SEEING    AMERICA  ■  925 

From  either  side  of  the  valley  pretty  mountain  streams  cut  their  winding 
ways  through  the  valley  floor,  finding  discharge  in  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco, 
whose  most  southern  arm  reaches  within  ten  miles  of  San  Jose,  the  county 
seat.  In  winter,  these  are  raging  little  torrents,  but  through  the  long  and 
rainless  summer  they  become  meek  and  lamb-like  and  in  many  instances 
little  more  than  arroyos  secos  (dry  ditches). 

While  the  aspect  of  nature  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  is  always  changing, 
it  is  never  tiring,  for  in  all  her  moods  nature  is  here  always  beautiful,  being 
as  lavish  of  color  as  she  is  changeful  of  mood.  In  midwinter,  she  paints  the 
valley  floor  and  the  foothills  a  brilliant  green.  With,  the  increasing  fresh- 
ness of  spring  and  the  springing  forth  of  new  life  comes  a  magical  change 
when  the  whole  valley  is  transformed  into  a  sea  of  billowy  white,  perfumed 
blossoms.  If  one's  imagination  can  picture  a  scene,  without  the  actual 
seeing  of  it,  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  square  miles  of  prune  trees  in 


St.  James  Park,  San  Jose 

blossom  and  each  a  perfect  bouquet  of  bloom  of  itself,  with  a  flufliness  and 
a  whiteness  which  can  only  be  likened  to  drifting  snow,  he  will  have  con- 
ceived something  of  the  beauty  of  this  prospect  as  viewed  from  some  rise 
in  the  lower  foothills.  Yet,  it  may  be  safely  said  that  nowhere  else  in  the 
world  can  such  a  scene  be  witnessed. 

Passing  on  to  summer,  we  find  the  color  scheme  has  changed  from  the 
purity  of  the  driven  snow  of  the  prune  blossoms  to  a  composite  of  the  dark 
green  foliage  of  the  fruit  trees,  lightened  plentifully  with  the  amber  red  of 
the  apricot,  the  purple  and  red  of  the  cherry,  the  yellow  of  the  peach  and 
the  blue  bloom  of  the  prune  and  the  grape.  The  autumn  follows  with  fields 
and  hills  verging  into  the  golden,  russet  and  brown,  while  in  the  wild  growth 
of  the  woods,  clambering  vines  have  changed  their  foliage  into  brilliant  hues 
of  red  and  yellow. 

Wiping  the  estheticism  from  our  eyes  and  brains,  we  look  again  upon  the 


SEEING    AMERICA 


927 


valley  and  find  it  teeming  with  life  and  activity  in  a  thousand  ways  em- 
ployed. It  has  a  net-work  of  railway  lines,  steam  and  electric,  trunk  and 
suburban,  which  radiate  from  the  capital  of  the  county  in  many  directions 
and  are  daily  increasing  in  number,  length  of  line  and  extent  of  territory 
covered.  The  great  city  of  San  Francisco,  which  phoenix-like  has  arisen 
from  her  ashes  of  disaster  and  has  once  again  become  the  metropolis  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  is  but  fifty  miles  away  by  rails  which  traverse  both  the  east 
and  west  side  of  the  bay  and  on  which  during  portions  of  the  day  trains 
travel  at  intervals  of  twenty  minutes,  making  the  journey  in  one  hour  to 
one  hour  and  a  half, 

A  splendid  idea  of  the  fruitful  extent  of  the  western  side  of  the  valley 
may  be  obtained  by  taking  a  trip  over  the  loop-track  of  the  Peninsular  Eail- 
way,  leaving  San  Jose  hourly  and  occupying  two  hours  in  the  round  trip. 
On  this  trip,  the  tourist  passes  through  the  pretty  towns  of  Saratoga,  where 


Hotel  Vendome^  Sax  Juse 

a  side-trip  may  be  taken  to  Congress  Springs,  whose  waters  are  much  prized, 
Los  Gates  (pronounced  Loce  Gah-toce  and  meaning  "The  Cats"),  and  Camp- 
bell. The  intervals  between  these  places  are  filled  with  linking  chains  of 
orchards,  the  usual  holdings  being  from  twenty  to  thirty  acres,  and  among 
them  being  many  comfortable  and  beautiful  homes.  The  valley  is  also  tra-. 
versed  by  four  hundred  miles  of  finely  built  roads  which  are  sprinkled  daily' 
during  the  dry  months  of  the  summer. 

The  waterway  port  for  San  Jose,  at  the  head  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  is 
known  as  Alviso,  where  there  is  sufficient  water  for  small  vessels,  and  here 
the  South  Bay  Yacht  Club  makes  its  rendezvous. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  go  into  detail  in  describing  the  beauty  and 
wealth  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley,  and  one  can  only  hint  at  its  many  attrac- 
tions as  a  living  place  in  the  way  of  its  all-the-year-round  out-of-door  life, 
with  none  of  the  severities  of  winter  and  summer  as  in  other  parts  of  our 


SEEING    AMERICA 


929 


own  United  States,  its  fields  and  orchards,  its  mountains  and  forests,  its 
streams  and  salt  water  bay,  its  fishing,  yachting,  golfing,  driving,  riding, 
hunting,  automobiling  throughout  the  year;  its  splendid  schools,  famous 
universities,  observatories,  mineral  springs,  natural  beauties  and  perfect 
climate. 

Eeference  has  been  made  to  San  Jose  (pronounced  Sahn  Ho-say  and  mean- 
ing St.  Joseph),  the  capital  of  the  county.  Investigation  finds  it  to  be  a 
beautiful  and  thriving  city  of  about  65,000  inhabitants  within  its  immediate 
environs,  the  suburbs  really  stretching  away  through  the  valley  for  miles 
in  every  direction,  linking  to  it  many  small  towns  and  settlements.  It  is 
built  upon  an  almost  level  plain  at  an  elevation  of  nearly  ninety  feet  above 
the  sea,  draining  naturally  toward  the  bay,  wherein  empties  the  main  sewer 
of  the  city,  about  ten  miles  in  length. 

The  city  covers  an  area  of  about  twenty  square  miles  and  has  many  broad 
avenues   and   shady  walks  which  are  lined  with   shade  trees.     Shrubs   and 


San  Jose  Public  Library 

flowers,  many  of  them  semi-tropic,  flourish  in  profusion,  because  of  which 
the  city  is  commonly  known  as  "The  Garden  City."  It  is  particularly 
noted  as  the  rose-garden  of  the  earth  and  at  frequent  periods  floral  car- 
uivals  are  given,  which  demonstrate  the  great  fecundity  of  the  soil  in  garden 
culture.     All  manner  of  trees  reach  equal  perfection. 

The  business  center  of  the  city  is  situated  in  the  very  center  of  gardens, 
parks  and  lawns  teeming  with  herbaceous  grbwth.  The  business  streets  are 
lined  with  many  fine  structures  of  stone  and  brick  of  modern  type,  from 
two  to  seven  stories  in  height,  and  visitors  often  remark  upon  the  number 
and  beauty  of  the  well-kept  stores  of  the  city,  carrying  as  they  do  extensive 
lines  of  goods  equalling  the  metropolitan  marts.  In  the  residence  sections 
are  to  be  found  many  handsome  and  capacious  homes,  while  not  a  few  of  her 
citizens  make  their  homes  in  suburbs  which  are  supplied  with  nearly  all  the 
conveniences  and  luxuries  of  town  life. 


ALEX  H/V.RT 


CfS-oH.  03EA/  /7i/7y  A/AW 


SEEING     AMERICA  933 

The  principal  streets  of  the  city  are  well  paved,  and  much  new  work  of 
this  kind  is  now  in  progress  or  in  contemplation.  The  city's  sanitary  con- 
ditions are  excellent,  a  fine  sewerage  system  being  in  operation,  and  it  is 
supplied  "with  mountain  water  of  excellent  quality  by  an  adequate  water 
system.  It  also  possesses  a  thoroughly  competent  fire  department  with  a 
good  supply  of  modern  fire  apparatus. 

Schools,  public  and  private,  of  which  there  are  many,  rank  high  in  quality. 
Many  of  the  public  school  buildings  of  the  city  have  recently  been  recon- 
structed. The  new  high  school  is  a  model  of  beauty  and  convenience.  It 
is  in  the  Mission  style  of  architecture.  The  State  Normal  School  is  being 
rebuilt  on  extensive  and  novel  plans  which  will  make  it  the  most  beautiful 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University  is  only 
thirty  minutes'  ride  from  the  city,  the  University  of  the  Pacific  is  just  out- 
side the  city  limits,  the  Santa  Clara  College  is  only  three  miles  and  fifteen 
minutes  away,  and  the  College  of  Notre  Dame  is  almost  in  the  heart  of  the 
city.  A  Public  Library  is  prettily  housed  in  a  Carnegie  building  and  con- 
tains about  20,000  volumes.  One  of  the  best  law-libraries  in  the  State  is 
located  in  San  Jose,  and  the  city  also  possesses  several  theaters  and  many 
minor  amusement  attractions,  including  a  roller-skating  rink.  Its  churches 
are  many  a^pd  of  the  finest  construction,  and  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  with  large  mem- 
bership is  in  a  thriving  state  of  activity. 

A  driving  and  training  park  is  on  the  verge  of  opening.  It  will  offer 
winter  quarters  for  many  noted  racing  stables.  San  Jos6  has  its  quota  of 
private  clubs,  the  Saint  Claire  Club  heading  the  list.  It  also  possesses  two 
commercial  bodies  with  large  membership,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and 
the  Merchants  Association,  besides  a  number  of  progressive  improvement 
clubs.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  San  Jose,  although  born  in  the  sleepy  days 
of  the  Spanish  siesta,  is  not  lacking  in  healthy  activity  and  progressive- 
ness.  As  a  Western  city,  it  has  a  number  of  quite  important  manufactories, 
and  its  fruit  drying,  canning  and  packing  industries  exceed  jmything  in  the 
world.  The  assessed  valuation  of  property  within  the  city  is  fast  nearing 
the  $24,000,000  mark. 

The  growth  and  curing  of  deciduous  fruit  is  one  of  the  great  industries 
of  the  county,  yet  it  is  not,  as  is  generally  supposed,  the  only  one,  for  many 
thousands  of  tons  of  berries  and  vegetables  are  shipped  annually  to  markets 
of  consumption.  It  has  the  largest  seed-farms  in  the  world,  and  the  mining 
of  quicksilver  has  long  been  of  utmost  importance,  the  New  Almaden  Mine 
being  the  largest  producer  in  the  world.  Fine  olive  oil  and  ripe  olives  are 
standard  products,  and  oranges  and  lemons  thrive  along  the  foothills.  Breed- 
ing of  high-grade  horses,  cattle  and  poultry  are  also  active  industries,  and 
leather  from  local  tanneries  is  shipped  all  over  the  United  States  and  to 
Eussia  and  Japan.  Extensive  brick  factories  are  also  in  operation  and  the 
manufacture  of  chemists'  alcohol  pays  the  government  $10,000  a  day  in 
duty.     Many  smaller  vocations  are  followed  with  profit  to  investors. 

In  conclusion,  only  a  word  can  be  spared  about  climate,  :ilthough  in  many 
treatises  of  this  nature,  climate  is  the  burden  of  the  song.  Santa  Clara 
possesses  climate  of  rare  quality  and  much  more.  Difficult  though  it  be  of 
description,  it  is  a  tangible  factor  which  makes  for  comfort  and  thereby 
affects  values.  Lacking  the  extremes  of  either  the  Eastern  winter  or  the 
Eastern  summer,  it  possesses  a  degree  of  equability  which  warrants  the 
assertion  that  it  is  delightful  the  year  round.  The  valley  is  far  enough 
from  the  ocean  so  that  the  sea-breezes  are  tempered  by  the  journey  over 
the  mountains  and  through  the  balsam-laden  and  thickly  wooded  passes. 
There  are  no  sultry  humid  days  and  the  nights  are  always  cool  enough  for 


< 


SEEING    AMERICA 


935 


bed  covering.  The  average  July  temperature  is  65  degrees;  that  of  February 
53  degrees.  Rarely  does  the  summer  heat  exceed  90  degrees,  which  is 
equivalent,  because  of  its  dryness,  to  a  temperature  of  75  degrees  in  the 
Mississippi  basin.  Without  ice,  snow,  killing  frosts  or  hard  winds,  the  air 
of  the  valley  is  tonic  and  never  possesses  that  element  of  languor  apt  to 
be  found  farther  south.  The  rainfall  is  16  to  20  inches  between  November 
and  April  and  the  summers  are  cloudless.  The  atmosphere  is  a  happy  com- 
bination of  mountain  and  sea  air,  well  tempered.  Malaria,  fever  and  ague 
are  unknown,  and  it  may  be  safely  said  that  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  is  one 
of  the  most  salubrious  localities  to  be  found  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 


SEEING  SANTA  CLARA  VALLEY 


By  Jos.  T,  Brooks. 
HE  attractions  of  California,  and  particularly  the  famous  Santa 
Clara  Valley  and  San  Jose,  which  is  located  in  the  heart  of 
the  valley,  are  many;  but  I  think  one  of  tie  greatest  is  to 
look  out  over  this  beautiful  valley  and  on  either  side  see  the 
mountains  rise  to  four  thousand  feet  and  over,  and  in  the 
middle  of  December  and  January  note  the  contrast  of  green 
foliage  and  palm  trees  as  compared  with  snow  and  ice  in  other  climates. 
The  natural  attractions  of  this  section  lead  one  on  a  Trip  of  twenty-six 
miles  over  a  well-graded  roadway  to  the  Lick  Observatory  on  Mt.  Hamilton 
at  an  elevation  of  4209  feet.  This  is  a  world  attraction,  for  here  is  located 
the  famous  large  telescope  with  a  thirty-six-inch  lens.  Because  of  the 
climatic  and  atmospheric  condition,  this  observatory  is  uoted  for  its  many 
discoveries,  whether  it  be  summer  or  winter. 

A  stage  line  starts  from  San  Jose  in  the  morning  at  7:30  and  arrives  in 
return  at  6:30  p.  m.     The  trip  is  one  never  to  be  forgotten,  and  from  the 


County  Buildings,  San  Jose 


936 


OUT     WBST 


different  altitudes  which  rise  higher  and  higher  one  may  lool<  out  over  the 
Santa  Clara  Valley  and  see  San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  in  the  distance,  fifty 
miles  away. 

Another  delightful  trip  is  the  twenty-seven-mile  drive.  Take  the  electric 
interurban  car  from  San  Jose  to  Los  Gatos,  arrange  there  with  the  livery- 
man for  a  team  and  start  out  over  the  summit  road,  returning  via  Saratoga. 
On  the  summit  road,  at  an  elevation  of  three  thousand  feet  is  located 
Castle  Eock,  nature's  freak,  for  in  this  rock  are  numerous  chambers.  The 
rock  rises  about  one  hundred  feet  above  the  surface  and  is  of  sandy  forma- 
tion. The  wind  and  rain  for  countless  ages  have  gradually  cut  out  the 
softer  portion  of  the  rock  and  left  caverns  sufficiently  largo  to  accommodate 
about  fifty  people,  perhaps  seventy-five.  Prom  this  point  one  may  look  out 
in  all  directions  and  within  the  circle  of  the  horizon  see  nine  separate 
counties.  To  the  west  Monterey  Bay  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  are  visible;  to 
the  north  Marin  County  and  San  Francisco  Bay,  and  to  the  east  the  Mt. 
Diablo  Range  of  mountains.  Plainly  in  sight  are  the  following  counties: 
Monterey,  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Clara,  San  Mateo,  San  Francisco,  Marin,  Ala- 
meda, Stanislaus  and  San  Benito.  Here  the  foliage  is  green  throughout  the 
year,  and  through  the  forests  trickle  never-failing  mountain  streams.  From 
this  point  a  small  spring  will  start  on  its  way  to  Monterey  Bay,  immediately 
at  your  foot  on  the  one  side,  and  on  the  other  another  spring  of  water  will 
start  upon  its  course  to  San  Francisco  Bay.  This  is  the  grandest  sight 
imaginable,  and  while  I  appreciate  the  Yosemite  Valley  and  its  grandeur,  I 
believe  that  the  inspiring  sight  from  the  summit  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Eange 
is  equal  and  easier  of  access. 

There  are  numerous  electric  urban  and  interurban  trips  to  all  parts  of  the 
valley  and  connecting  most  all  of  the  cities,  but  two  of  the  most  attractive 
are  to  Alum  Rock  Park,  a  city  reservation  of  about  one  thousand  acres, 
where  sixteen  mineral  springs  flow,  free  to  the  public.  This  park  is  located 
about  six  miles  east  of  San  Jose  in  a  canon,  and  is  the  city  playground.  The 
other  trip  on  the  interurban  electric  line  to  Congress  Springs  leads  through 
the  famous  Santa  Clara  Valley  prune  orchards,  where  millions  of  trees  in 
early  March  send  forth  their  blossoms  with  an  array  of  beauty  appreciated 
only  by  the  sight.  Blossom  time  is  usually  held  about  the  15th  of  March 
at  Saratoga,  in  the  foothills,  about  ten  miles  west  of  San  Jos6,  and  this 
is  on  the  interurban  railroad  en  route  to  Congress  Springs.  At  Congress 
Springs  one  may  walk  for  a  mile  through  deeply  wooded  canons  over 
Lover's  Lane,  and  by  the  side  of  a  mountain  stream  trickling  down  from 
the  soda  springs.  The  water  is  free  to  any  who  wish  to  visit  that  park,  and 
is  one  of  the  notable  attractions  of  Santa  Clara  County. 

The  seed-farms  of  Santa  Clara  Valley,  where  seven  thousand  acres  are 
devoted  to  the  raising  of  seeds  for  commercial  purposes,  is  one  of  the  won- 
ders of  California.  One  may  look  for  miles  across  a  level  stretch  of  country 
over  an  onion  field  until  vision  fails  to  penetrate  the  distance. 

The  city  parks  of  San.  Jose,  notably  the  St.  James  Park,  are  among  the 
most  beautiful  in  the  State.  In  St.  James  Park  there  is  a  greater  variety 
of  trees  growing  in  the  open  in  this  square  than  in  any  other  park  in  the 
world.  The  citizens  took  pride  in  planting  almost  every  variety  of  tree, 
and  the  Eastern  people  here  find  their  native  trees  growing  luxuriantly.  In 
the  midst  of  this  park  is  located  the  McKinley  monument,  placed  upon  the 
very  spot  where  President  McKinley  delivered  his  address  to  the  people  of 
San  Jose  within  a  short  time  of  his  death. 

San  Jose  and  immediately  connecting  suburbs  has  a  population  of  58,835, 
as  reported  by  the  City  Directory  of  1908,  and  the  county  has  a  population 
(estimated)  of  100,000.  This  county  is  noted  for  its  many  educational  ad- 
vantages. The  child  may  be  educated  from  infancy  to  manhood  within  the 
county. 


San   Francisco — Geary   Street 


Hotel  Manx,  San  Francisco 


Entrance  to  Hotel  Argonaut,  San  Francisco 


The  New  Palace  Hotel,  San  Francisco 


Third  and  Mission  Streets,  San  pRANcfsco 


French  Bank,  Sutter  Street.  San  Francisco 


w  F  Stafford      p; 


HENBVQ.W.DlNKlESpiEl. 


JO^tpW    Hi/TC  HIHSOU 


w.^F...Ma«  woRKSjJi  AZT^TteON 


Market  Street.  San  Francisco 


The  dread  of  the  future  in  the  still  watches 

of  the  night  gnaws  at  the  heart 

of  every  man 

SICKNESS,  unemployment,  financial  losses,  accident,  lurk  beyond  the  horizon  to 
levy  their  toll  on  human  happiness.  The  human  struggle  is  chiefly  an  effort  to 
win  security  against  the  future.  To  get  this  security  the  rich  put  millions  into 
the  purchase  of  annuities,  while  those  less  fortunate  are  left  to  face  life's  uncer- 
tainties as  best  they  may.  Humanity  is  on  tiptoe  for  the  opportunity  that  will  bring 
the  assurance  of  safety  from  the  hell-hounds  of  adversity  and  poverty.  What,  then, 
makes  a  great  opportunity — this  goal  of  the  heart's   desire? 

The  majority  of  men  who  are  poor  today  have  worked  harder  for  what  little  they 
have  than  did  Carnegie  or  Weyerhauser,  the  timber  king.  The  reason  is  simple:  those 
who  have  amassed  wealth  have  seen  the  shadows  of  coming  events,  and  have  placed 
themselves  in  the  pathway  of  great  moving  forces,  which  operated  irresistibly  to  create 
high  values.  Then  all  nature  works  for  men,  pouring  her  treasures  in  their  laps,  and 
bountifully  rewards.  To  sail  in  the  wrong  direction  means  rocks  and  shallows.  To 
rise  with  the  tide  leads  on  to  fortune. 

Carnegie  saw  the  great  industrial  movement  which  pointed  inevitably  to  a  develop- 
ment of  the  steel  industry,  and  placed  himself  in  the  channel  of  this  movement.  We 
know  the  result.  Scores  of  the  companions  of  his  youth  who  might  have  acted  on  the 
same  indications  are  still  eking  out  their  lives  as  humbly  as  they  began.  Rockefeller 
merely  foresaw  the  possibilities  of  controlling  one  feature  of  the  oil  industry — trans- 
portation, and  out  of  that  concept  grew  Standard  Oil.  The  timber  barons  a  few  years 
ago  foresaw  the  startling  rise  that  was  inevitable  in  the  value  of  timber,  reached  out 
to  the  utmost  extent  of  their  resources,  and  today  the  commercial  value  of  their  hold- 
ings is  staggering  to  contemplate.     Weyerhauser  is  today  richer  than   Rockefeller. 

At  any  period  certain  forces  are  operating  inexorably  to  create  rising  values  in 
well-defined  directions.  Those  who  perceive  the  movement  and  courageously  act  are 
carried  to  affluence.  Others  live  to  relate  their  lost  opportunities,  and  to  deplore  the 
fact  that  they  had  less  perception  than  their  now  financially  independent  neighbors. 

There  is  no  exception  to  this  rule. 

Such  an  opportunity  exists  today  in  California,  one  equal  to  any  that  has  brought 
financial  independence  to  hundreds  in  the  past. 

That  opportunity  is  disclosed  to  you  on  this  page.  Behind  it  is  an  array  of  authority 
such  as  has  never  before  substantiated  a  commercial  project  in  this  country.  The  truth 
of  its  claims  rests  upon  the  authority  of  the  United  States  Government.  Its  import  to 
you  cannot  be  exaggerated.  If  you  do  nothing  else  today,  read  every  word  upon  this 
page.  Nowhere  in  the  country  will  words  be  heard  or  read  today  that  can  so  profit- 
ably be  your  Sunday  sermon. 


GLENARDEN 
Where  Beauty  and  Fertility  Conspire 

Never  before,  have  such  an  abundant  water  supply  and  soil  of  such  alluvial  richness 
been  devoted  to  eucalyptus. 

Never  before  has  any  eucalyptus  company  oflfered  such  protection  to  the  investor,  or 
merged  itself  so  completely  with  his  interests. 

Never  before  have  all  the  necessary  factors  for  commercial  success  been  so  com- 
bined to  insure  the  maximum  profits. 

Never  before  has  any  company  attempted  to  offer  such  values  at  so  low  a  price. 

Glenarden,  by  its  possession  of  every  natural  and  commercial  advantage,  marks  a 
new  era  in  the  eucalyptus  industry. 


Millions  have  been  made  deforesting  America 
Millions   will  be   made    reforesting    America 

THE  COMING  FAMINE 

BY  the  wanton  waste  of  our  hardwood  supply,  the  country  has  sown  the  wind,  and  is 
about  to  reap  the  whirlwind.     Listen: 
President  Roosevelt:     "We  have  in  this  country  already  crossed  the  verge  of 
a  timber  famine." 

Gifford  Pinchot:  "We  have  apparently  about  15  years'  supply  of  hardwood  timber 
now  ready  to  cut.  That  the  shortage  will  strike  at  the  very  foundation  of  some  of  the 
country  s  most  important  industries  is  unquestionable..  This  much  is  true  beyond  doubt, 
that  we  are  dangerously  near  a  hardwood  famine  and  have  made  no  provision  against  it." 
Guy  S.  Mitchell,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey:  "At  the  present  rate  of  timber  consump- 
tion the  price  of  every  class  of  lumber  ten  years  hence  will  be  about  double  the  present 
hgure." 

A  tract  of  land  in  West  Virginia,  covered  with  hemlock  and  spruce,  purchased  five 
years  ago  for  $12,000,  recently  sold  for  $500,000.  Those  who  bought  timber  land  a 
lew  years  ago  are  now  reaping  a  harvest  of  gold. 

WHEN  OUR  SUPPLY  IS  GONE—? 

It  takes  50  years  to  grow  an  ordinary  telegraph  pole.  To  attain  a  foot  in  diameter 
walnut  requires  56  years,  ash  72  years,  hickory  90  and  white  oak  110.  No  human 
ingenuity,  no  public  clamor,  no  Congressional  appropriations  can  hurry  the  process  a 
jot.  No  foreign  country  can  come  to  the  rescue,  as  each  needs  more  than  it  has,  and 
many  are  now  suffering  acutely  from  a  shortage.  Yet  the  insatiable  demand  for  these 
hardwoods  increases  yearly  at  a  terrific  pace,  and  the  supply  decreases  equally  as  fast. 

ONE  CONCLUSION  IS  INEVITABLE 

Whoever  has  hardwood  timber  to  sell  will  reap  a  rich  reward.  If  any  tree  could  be 
found  which  springs  quickly  into  maturity,  to  replenish  the  ranks  of  our  fallen  forests, 
that  tree  would  b.e  the  open  sesame   to  wealth. 

One  such  tree  exists. 

Standing  apart,  as  though  in  alienated  loneliness  on  account  of  its  almost  super- 
natural capacity  for  growth,  is  the 

EUCALYPTUS, 

the  fastest  growing  hardwood  in  the  world.  In  rapidity  of  growth,  which  differentiates 
it  so  strikingly  from  all  the  tribe  of  hardwoods,  it  is  the  amazing  miracle  of  trees. 
Although  possessing  the  finest  grain  and  fibres  that  season  almost  as  hard  as  iron, 
this  tree,  under  ideal  conditions,  grows  as  large  in  eight  years  as  the  white  pine  in 
fifty,  as  the  white  oak  in  a  century. 

It  is  to  this  tree  that  the  country  must  look  for  partial  alleviation  in  the  approaching 
days  of  hardwood  famine,  declares  the  Government. 

This  tree  is  confined  below  the  frost  line,  and  requires  for  its  best  development  a 
rich  soil,  freedom  from  extremes  of  temperature,  and  a  plentiful  water  supply,  especially 
at  first,  and  then  within  permanent  reach  of  its  long  roots.  Less  than  one-twentieth 
of  the  state  furnishes  the  conditions  necessary  for  its  maximum  growth.  These  ideal 
conditions  are  found  in  carefully  selected  spots  in  the  great  San  Joaquin  Valley. 

ITS  COMMERCIAL  USES 

The  need  for  proving  eucalyptus  has  passed.  It  is  no  longer  necessary  to  demon- 
strate that  eucalyptus  can  be  used  for  all  the  purposes  for  which  other  hardwoods 
are  employed.  It  is  so  used  everywhere.  The  extent  of  this  use  is  limited  only  by 
the  present  limit  of  the  supply.  If  a  supply  could  be  drawn  upon  sufficient  to  meet  all 
possible  requirements,  not  a  foot  of  eastern  hardwood  would  be  shipped  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  today  for  manufacturing  purposes.  Moreover,  when  such  supply  becomes  avail- 
able, eastern  manufacturers  assert  that  they  must  establish  themselves  on  this  Coast, 
as  the  eastern  source  of  supply  will  soon  have  ceased.  They  are  now  laying  their 
plans  for  this  contingency.     They  have  nowhere  else  to  go. 

THE  PROFITS  " 

To  the  uninformed  the  commercial  value  of  these  trees  is  startling,  almost  incred- 
ible, so  little  has  the  indifferent  public  grasped  the  significance  of  our  rapidly  dwindling 
timber  supply.  But  the  facts  are  unassailable.  One  would  hesitate  to  use  the  figures, 
so  extraordinary  do  they  appear,  were  it  not  that  the  Government  stands  behind  them. 

The  Government's  ultra-conservative  estimate  of  the  present  value  of  a  10-year-old 
tree  on  the  stump  is  $5.  With  600  trees  to  the  acre,  the  net  profit  from  the  first 
cutting  will  be  as  follows: 

FROM   1  ACRE $  3,000 

FROM  5  ACRES 15,000 

FROM  10  ACRES 30,000 

After  the  first  cutting  these  profits  repeat  themselves  every  seven  years  indefinitely; 


I 


for  the  tree  springs  anew  from  the  stump  and  grows  much  faster  than  before.  From 
five  acres  a  revenue  equal  to  $1500  a  year  at  the  first  cutting,  and  thereafter  over 
$2000  a  year. 

This  is  an  increase  in  value  of  120  per  cent  a  year  on  the  original  investment! 

Five  acres  of  growing  eucalyptus  bought  now,  without  appreciable  hardship,  will 
insure  an  income  of  $1500  a  j-ear — even  unto  the  third  and  fourth  generation. 

By  the  possession  of  a  few  acres  of  this  timber  now,  all  fear  of  the  future  may  be 
stricken  from  any  man's  life.     What  is  the  measure  of  the  value  of  this  boon? 

Growing  eucalyptus  timber  places  the  annuities  of  the  rich  within  the  reach  of  the 
man  or  woman  of  small  means. 

Remember  that  the  above  is  an  ultra-conservative  estimate,  that  all  forces  are 
making  irresistibly  for  higher  values,  and  that  it  is  the  United  States  Government 
that  vouches  for  its  truth. 

AN  INCONTROVERTIBLE  PROOF 

of  the  commercial  value  of  eucalyptus  is  seen  in  the  project  conceived  by  Giflford 
Pinchot,  head  of  the  national  forestry  service,  and  now  under  way,  to  plant  25,000,000 
of  these  trees  along  the  course  of  the  great  aqueduct  between  Los  Angeles  and  the 
Owens  River.  Within  eight  or  ten  years,  these  trees  can  be  marketed  for  timber  at  a 
profit  of  $100,000,000,  which  will  not  only  wipe  out  the  entire  expense  of  the  aqueduct 
construction,  amounting  to  $25,000,000,  but  will  put  $75,000,000  in  the  city  treasury 
besides.  This  surplus  would  relieve  both  the  city  and  county  of  Los  Angeles  from 
all  needs  of  taxation  for  ten  years.  Before  that  time  another  cutting  of  these  trees 
would  yield  another  $100,000,000,  and  so  on,  which  means  that  eucalyptus  would  lift 
the  burd"en  of  taxation  from  both  city  and  county  indefinitely. 

This  is  an  event  in  the  history  of  California  more  momentous  than  the  discovery 
of  gold.  No  such  situation  ever  existed  before  in  any  country,  and  would  not  be 
possible  with  any  other  tree  than  the  eucalyptus.  It  opens  possibilities  for  city  and 
county    development,    for    the    execution    of    vast    public    enterprises,    that    startle    the 


GLENARDEN 
Water,  in  Inexhaustible  Abundance,  Creates   the   Wizardry   of   California  Soil. 

imagination,  and  will  permit  the  transformation  of  Los  Angeles  into  the  wonder  city 
of  the  world.     What  eucalyptus  will  do  for  Los  Angeles  it  will  do  for  you. 

Experts  declare  that  the  time  is  rapidly  approaching  when  the  value  of  the  euca- 
lyptus industry  will  leap  far  ahead  of  citrus  fruit,  oil  and  gold  in  California,  as  no 
conceivable  event  can  stop  the  continuous  rise  in  the  price  of  hardwood  timber  at 
the  rate  at  which  the  supply  is  being  exhausted.  The  smallest  county  in  California 
planted  to  eucalyptus  would  produce  more  wealth  annually  at  present  prices  than  is 
produced  by  all  the  gold  mines  or  all  the  oil  wells  of  the  state,  at  their  maximum 
production! 

RISKS? 

The  eucalyptus  has  not  a  single  known  disease.  Its  peculiar  sap  repels  all  pests, 
no  blights  afflict  it.  Droughts  do  it  no  harm,  for  its  roots  drink  up  its  copious 
sustenance  from  the  sub-irrigated  soil,  making  all  seasons  alike. 

Careful  culture,  during  its  first  few  years,  with  abundant  irrigation  while  its  roots 
are  becoming  established,  supplies  the  aid  needed  to  its  growth.  So  hardy  is  this  tree, 
that  there  is  no  known  instance  of  its  dying  a  natural  death. 

Panics,  strikes,  political  changes,  bursted  "booms" — none  of  the  vicissitudes  that 
snatch  the  profits  from  years  of  toil,  can  stay  for  an  instant  the  steady  growth  of  trees 
into  timber,  while  the  universal  demand  grows  more  and  more  acute. 

LIKE  A   GOVERNMENT   BOND 

In  short,  one  risk,  and  one  only,  attends  the  ownership  of  growing  eucalyptus 
timber — that  the  sun  shall  cease  to  shine,  that  the  laws  of  nature  shall  cease  to  operate, 


that  soil  and  water  shall  cease  to  nourish.  In  other  words,  it  has  the  impregnable  safety 
and  stability  of  a  government  bond. 

No  industrial  enterprise  has  so  stable  a  foundation  as  growing  timber.  The  nation's 
financial  integrity  rests  upon  its  land;  and  of  all  land  values,  growing  timber  is  today 
the  safest,  the  most  lucrative. 

In  short,  eucalyptus  timber  is  the  only  investment  open  to  the  man  of  ordinary 
means  today  which  compares  in  safety  with  the  government  bond,  and  offers  at  the 
same  time  the  alluring  rewards  promised  by  hazardous  speculation. 

The  demand  for  growing  trees  is  widening  daily.  The  owner  of  such  timber  land, 
if  he  wishes  to  sell  at  any  titne,  can  realize  a  lucrative  profit  on  his  investment.  The 
difficulty,  however,  is  not  to  find  willing  purchasers,  but  to  find  owners  who  are  willing 
to  relinquish  their  holdings. 

There  is  no  compulsory  wait  for  profits.  An  owner  may  either  await  the  maturity 
of  his  product,  or  sell  his  appreciating  values  at  any  period. 

WHAT   WE    DO 

The  American  Forestration  Company  has  studied  every  need  peculiar  to  the  euca- 
lyptus industry,  as  a  commercial  enterprise;  and  its  operating  methods  more  com- 
pletely meet  these  needs  than  any  system  hitherto  devised.  It  has  embodied  in  its 
operating  methods  new  features  which  distinguish  it  from  any  operating  company. 

The  planting  and  culture  of  the  tree  the  first  two  years  is  but  one  part  of  the  euca- 
lyptus industry  as  a  commercial  enterprise.  After  that  comes  the  protection  to  the 
growing  tree,  the  payment  of  taxes  and  expenses  incidental  to  the  upkeep,  and  provid- 
ing both  the  best  market  for  the  product  and  the  necessary  facilities  for  marketing 
the  growing  timber  holdings  of  any  owner  who  may  wish  to  sell  before  maturity. 

OF    SUPREME    IMPORTANCE 

are  the  character  and  location  of  the  land  designed  for  eucalyptus  growrng. 

The  presence  of  ideal  conditions  may  easily  mean  a  difference  of  a  million  dollars 
in  timber  value  at  one  cutting  in  a  forest  the  size  of  Glenarden. 

GLENARDEN  RESERVE 
now  being  offered,  lies  in  the  rich  alluvial  district  of  the  famous  county  of  Fresno, 
which  produces  more  wealth  from  its  soil  than  any  county  in  the  world.  This  county, 
webbed  with  irrigating  canals,  lies  midway  in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  being  the  very 
heart  of  the  fruit  belt.  Upon  this  soil  are  found  the  most  prolific  orchards  and  vine- 
yards in  California.  In.  the  rich  lowlands  of  this  county  are  immense  fruit  ranches  of 
pure  alluvial  deposit.     Glenarden  lies  in  the  choicest  portion  of  this  area. 

Without  qualification,  without  exception,  the  soil  of  Glenarden  is  not  surpassed  by 
any  spot  in  California. 

WATER 
plays  even  a  more  vital  part  in  the  growth  of    the    eucalyptus    than     soil — the     two 
being  the  twin  requisites  to  perfect  results.     The  early  life  of  the  tree  is  particularly 
influenced  by  the  factor  of  water  supply.     The  phenomenal  growth  of  the  tree  is  due 
very  largely  to  its  great  capacity  of  consuming  water. 

CONSIDER    THIS 

Glenarden  tract  possesses  a  water  frontage  of  more  than  five  miles  on  a  deep  water- 
course, 200  feet  wide  and  20  feet  deer),  inexhaustible  the  year  'round. 

REFERENCES 

As  to  our  strength  and  ability  to  successfully  complete  our  contracts  in  every  par- 
ticular, we  respectfully  refer  to  any  mercantile  or  financial  institution  in  any  large  city 
in  the  United  States.  Your  own  banker  may  be  able  immediately  to  satisfy  you  of  our 
perfect  responsibility;  if  not,  he  will  ascertain  our  standing  through  channels  perhaps 
more  available  to  himself  than  to  you.  The  extensiveness  of  our  operations  will  make 
it  possible  to  learn  accurately  of  our  responsibility  in  any  town  or  village  which  has  a 
banking  institution. 

American  Forestration  Company 

Member:  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Forestry 
Society  of  California;  Fresno  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

^^^^>s^^  OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMPANY 

"^^^X^  Ralph  P.  Benedict,  Boston,  President. 

Charles  L.  Gaskill,  New  York,  Sec.  and  Gen.  Mgr. 
J.  Travers,  Los  Angeles,  Vice-Pres.  and  Treas. 

George  E.  Banks,  Los  Angeles,  Counsel. 
Hermann  Barr,  Melbourne,  Chief  Forester. 


414   Security   Building 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


NOTICE 

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OUT  WEST  REPORT 

Owing  to  the  great  number  of  letters  received  by  the  OUT 
WEST  Magazine  asking  for  information  regarding  localities, 
companies,  and  general  subjects  pertaining  to  the  Pacific  Coast, 
the  Southwest  and  Mexico,  it  has  been  decided  by  the  business 
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sons, for  the  purpose  of  supplying  reliable  information  and 
reports.  The  service  is  free  and  dependable — to  all  alike — and 
on  any  subject  or  locality  embraced  above. 

An  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"— a  personal  letter  giving  the 
desired  information  in  detail  so  far  as  we  have  it  or  can  obtain 
it,  will  be  sent  the  enquirer — also  literature  on  the  subject  where 
such  is  issued. 

Persons  desiring  information  regarding  any  particular  locality 
will,  by  writing  us,  be  supplied  with  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT" 
giving  the  information  desired,  also  literature  on  the  locality 
where  any  is  issued. 

Anyone  desiring  to  find  the  locality  best  adapted  for  their 
particular  purpose  will,  by  writing  and  stating  exactly  what  is 
wanted,  receive  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT,"  telling  where  it 
can  be  found  and  giving  complete  information  regarding  the 
locality,  with   literature   on   same   if  any   is   issued. 

If  information  is  desired  regarding  any  particular  land  or 
mining  company,  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"  will  give  all 
the  reliable  information  that  it  is  possible  to  get  on  the  subject. 

If  a  new  location  is  desired  for  reasons  of  health,  let  us  know 
what  is  wanted  or  required,  and  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT" 
will  immediately  put  you  in  touch  with  a  suitable  location. 

If  a  hotel  of  a  particular  class  is  desired,  write  us  telling 
just  what  is  wanted,  and  we  will  send  an  "OUT  WEST  RE- 
PORT" telling  where  to  find  exactly  the  place. 

If  uncertain  as  to  just  what  is  wanted,  where  wanted  or  how 
to  get  it,  and  it  pertains  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  Southwest  or 
Mexico,  write  us  at  once  for  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"  on 
the  subject. 

An  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"  can  be  depended  on— all  infor- 
mation will  be  prompt,  complete  and  reliable.  We  have  nothing 
to  sell,  except  magazines  and  advertising  space. 

This  department  service  is  open  alike  to  our  subscribers  and 
others.  It  costs  the  enquirers  nothing,  and  may  save  much  by 
helping  to  avoid  expensive  mistakes. 

Always  get  an  "OUT  WEST  REPORT"— then  you  are  sure. 

Address  all  letters  of  enquiry  to, 

OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE 
Dept.  OUT  WEST  REPORT  Los  Angeles,  California 

NOTE — OUT  WEST  guarantees  nothing  more  than  the  correctness  of  the 
statements  in  "OUT  WEST  REPORTS."  It  cannot  guarantee  that  any  particular 
investment  will  be  profitable,  or  any  particular  place  agreeable  to  the  individual. 

The  department  is  conducted  by  the  business  management  of  OUT  WEST, — not 
by  the  editorial  staff. 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    116-118  E.  Second. 


Out  West  Magazine    Company 

CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS,  President  W.  S.  DINSMORE,   Treasurtr 

C.  A.  MOODY,   Vice-President  R.  M.  SHEPPARD,  Secretary 

W.  B.  MOSELEY,  Business  Manager 
CHAS.  E:  BABCOCK,  Circulation  Manager 

PUBLISHERS  OF 

OUT  WEST 

Edited  by  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


Published  Monthly  at  Los  Angeles,  California 
Entered    at    the    Los    Angeles    Postofflce   as   Second-class   Matter. 


A  <J-.r^«>'«'ic;««^    Dei.'t'Ac  ■^^^l   t)e  cheerfully  furnished  on  application.     Special  dis- 

./IlU VerilSlIlg  JK.aie»  .  .  counts  allowed  on  3,  6  and  12  month  contracts.  Ratea 
of  cover-pages  and  other  preferred  spaces  (when  available)  will  be  named  on  application. 
The   publishers   reserve   the      right   to    decline  any  advertising   not  considered  desirable. 

Size  of  column  21^x8  inches — two  columns  to  the  page.  Last  advertising  form  closss  on 
the  15th  of  month  preceding  date  of  issue.  Advertisers  are  earnestly  requested  to  instruct 
as  early  aa  the  5th  whenever  possible. 

S.-U..»^«.;««*;x«.««     'P..;^^  $3.00  a  year  delivered  post-free    to    any    point    in    the 

VlJDSCripilOIl     rrice  .   .  united    States,    Canada,    Cuba  or  Mexico.     $3.75  a  year  to 
any  other  country. 

All  manuscript,  and  other  matter  requiring  the  attention  of  the  editor,  should  be 
addressed  to  him.  All  letters  about  subscriptions,  advertising  or  other  business,  should  be 
addressed 

OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE  COMPANY 
3 1 2-3 J 6  Mason  Opera  House  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  California 


A  QUESTION... 


Are  you  a  Fancier  of  Poultry,  Dogs,  Pigeons  and  Pets  for  pleasure  or  profit 

■;> 

Then  you  want  the  Fanciers*  Journal  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  paper  that  is  read 
by  every  Poultry-Keeper  and  Dog  and  Pet-Stock  Fancier  from  British  Columbia 
to  Mexico — the 

PACIFIC    COAST  FANCIER'S   NONTHLY 

It  w^s  established  in  188o,  and  is  beautifully  illustrated,  handsome  and  interesting 
from  cover  to  cover.  Every  prominent  breeder  advertises  in  its  pages,  and  if  you  want  to 
keep  posted  in  all  that  croeo  on  in  the  Poultry,  Dog  and  Pet-Stock  world  of  California  and 
the  rest  of  the  Pacific  Coast  you  need  the  Fanciers'  Monthly. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  is  the  Pioneer  Poultry  Journal  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  has 
always  been  and  is  today  recognized  all  over  the  United  States  as  the  poultry  magazine 
of  the  West,  thoroughly  practical,  strictly  up-to-date — not  a  luxury  but  a  necessity,  if 
you  want  to  make  poultry  pay. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  has  for  ten  years  been  a  favorite  with  breeders  of  Dogs,  Pig- 
eons and  Pets.     It  pays  its  readers  and  it  pays  its  advertisers. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  is  beautifully  illustrated,  brim  full  of  g'ood  reading,  and  is  a 
prime  favorite  with  successful  breeders. 

The  Fanciers'  Monthly  costs  but  little.  No  person  who  keeps  fowls  or  pets,  few  or 
many,  can  afford  not  to  take  it.  Try  it!  Accept  nothing  claimed  to  be  just  as  good. 
There  is  but  one   Fanciers'   Monthly.     It  has  many  imitators,  but  no  equals. 

Send  your  address  and  $1.00  and  receive  the  Fanciers'  Monthly  regularly  for  two 
years,  being  but  fifty  cents,  or  it  will  be  sent  on  trial     one     year     for     seventy-five     cents. 

-  ADDRESS  — 

FANCIERS'  MONTHLY       ::       ::       ::      San  Jose,  California 

■  llVUn    TUCATDIOAI     001  n     nDCAM     prcTents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinr  J  it  »• 
AllllU     InLAlnluAL    UULU     UnUtlTI     moTesthem.     ANYVO  CO.,  427  North  Main  St.,  Los  Attfrele* 


Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  18,  1909. 
The  Mathie  Brewing  Company, 

1834-1858  East  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Gentlemen: 

For  several  years  I  tried  different  doctors  and  medi- 
cines for  indigestion,  sleeplessness  and  nervousness,  but 
to  no  avail.  My  father  asked  me  to  try  MATHIE'S 
MALT  TONIC,  and  after  using  it  for  some  time  I  felt 
much  better  and  my  general  health  was  much  improved, 
and  I  still  continue  to  use  it. 

Yours  gratefully, 

PEARL  ALDERETE. 


MATMIE    MALT    TONIC 


$1.50  Per  Dozen 


Delivered 


The  Mathie  Brewing  Co.        Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Home  Phone  Ex.  942        Sunset  Phone  East  66 


Designing 
Engraving 
Printing 


^ 


Estimates 
Promptly- 
Furnished 


WE  PRINT  THE  OUT  WEST   MAGAZINE 


e^^  t^ 


(INC.) 


Commercial,  Book   and   Catalogue 


Printing  and  Binding 


837  So.  Spring  Street,   Los  A.n^eles 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  116-118  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


EUCALYPTUS 

The  Best  Paying  Investment  Offered 
to  the  Public  Today 

Eucalyptus  Timber  Corporation 

Largest    Growers   of    Eacalyptus    in    America 

It  OWNS  the  land;  owns  the  nurseries;  plants  the  trees. , 
It  cares   for   same  for  two  years   under   strict  personal   super- 
vision; under  vitally  interested  management. 

It  secures  highest  standard  of  production;  and  delivers  title  to 
buyer  by  warranty  deed. 

It  provided  certainty  of  profit  and  surety  of  results,  by  estab- 
lishing great  forests  of  these  splendid  trees  on  contiguous  terri- 
tory in  the  heart  of  the  world-famed  San  Joaquin  Valley,  cre- 
ating hardwood  timber  for  world-wide  uses. 

It  safeguards  the  investment  with  absolute  financial  responsi- 
bility— by  integrity  of  management, — by  knowledge  of  the  busi- 
ness,— by  providing  best  lands  with  proper  climatic  conditions — 
abundant  water,  (sub-irrigation, — by  intensive  care, — by  quantity 
of  timber  within  a  given  radius,  which  creates  its  market, — 
induces  establishment  of  industries  and  insures  maximum  results. 
Ten  acres  in  a  large  forest  has  more  than  double  the  value  of 
ten  acres  away  from  the  market. 

References: 

Commercial  National  Bank,  Los  Angeles;  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.; 
Bradstreets;  any  commercial  agency;  any  of  our  customers, 
— AND — our  forests  now  growing  speak  for  themselves, — 
they  stand  a  monument  to  success, — to  a  work  well  done, — 
to  a  promise  fulfilled. 

We  HAVE  kept  our  promise  to  a  multitude  of  satisfied  investors. 
We  WILL  keep  our  promise  to  you.     Invest  in  a  proven  enter- 
prise, with  a  proven  company. 

We  offer  a  portion  of  our  lands  for  sale  on  conditions  attractive, 
profitable  and  absolutely  safe. 

Write  for  our  Money  Back  proposition.    Planted  lands. 

Eucalyptus  Timber  Corporation 

708  O.  T.  Johnson  Bldg.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Member  of  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Member  of  Tulare  Board  of  Trade. 


SIX   TO  EIGHT    CROPS    OF  ALFALFA    YEARLY  AND  A 
HOME  IN  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA 


OUR  NEW  "LAN  BOOK  tells  how  you  can  secure  5  to  40  acres  ot  Southern  Cahlurnia  s  most  Jertile  irrigated  valley 
land.  IT  TELLS  how  you  can  have  the  same  put  under  cultivation  for  little  money.  How  big  piofils  are  made 
annually  upon  your  investment  without  moving  or  giving  up  present  business  until  ready. 

$1,500  PER  ACRE  is  being  made  from  these  rich  valley  lands  growing  fruit.  YOU  can  do  the  same.  BY  OUR 
PLAN  you  g-t  a  BIG  PROFIT  from  your  investment  the  second  year  and  it  increases  yearly.  Nothing  like  if 
ever  offered  before. 

WRITE  TO-DAY  for  our  new  plan  book.  etc.     DO  IT  NOW. 

NATIONALliOMESTEA^ 


A  Book  Witk  New  Idea* 

Scientific  Living 

FOR  PROLONGING  THE 
TERM  OF  HUMAN  LIFE 

The  New   Domestic  Science 

Cooking  to  simplify   living  and  retain  the 

LIFE  ELEMENTS  IN  FOOD 

By  Lnura  Nettleton  Brown 

This  work  represents  new  views  on  the  Health 
question,  especially  as  related  to  food.  It  treats 
of  the  life  in  food,  showing  that  in  its  prepara- 
tion by  the  usual  methods  the  life-giving  vital- 
ity is  destroyed;  that  is,  the  organic  elements 
become  inorganic.  It  also  shows  that  food 
which  cannot  be  used  uncooked  can  be  rendered 
palatable  and  digestible  without  destroying  its 
food  value.  The  reason  is  clearly  stated  and 
recipes  and  directions  for  cooking,  with  menus 
for  a  balanced  diet,  are  given.  A  clear  line  of 
distinction  is  shown  between  food  and  stimu- 
lants or  drugs.  It  treats  of  the  chemistry  of 
food  in  a  way  that  is  easily  understood  and 
made  practical,  and  should  be  read  by  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  maintenance  of  health  and 
longevity  and  by  students  and  teachers  of  do- 
mestic science,  by  whom  its  new  and  practical 
ideas  will  be  appreciated.  300  pp.  Cloth,  $1.00, 
with   Health-Culture  one  year  $1.50. 

THE  HEALTH-CULTURE  CO., 

421  ST.  James  BIdg.,  New  York. 

N.  B. — A  sample  copv  of  Health-Culture  and 
list  of  books   on   Scientific   Living  SENT  FREE. 


The  Mahogany  and 

Hickory  of 

America 


The  Timber  situation  in  this  country 
is  beginning  to  be  one  of  the  greatest 
questions  before  the  public.  In  Eucalyp- 
tus we  have  the  only  possible  solution. 

A  wood  that  grows  five  times  as  fast 
as  oak  or  hickory  and  is  stronger  and  far 
better  for  furniture  and  will  reproduce 
itself  from  the  stump  as  often  as  it  is 
cut. 

We  have  the  best  proposition,  best 
land,  all  of  our  planting  contracts  guar- 
anteed by  $25,000  bond,  all  moneys  paid 
to  trust  company  who  receipts  for  same 
and  makes  deeds  and  contracts.  Send 
for  new  art  booklet. 


American    Eucalyptus  Co. 

Department  A 

343  So.  Hill  Street 


PATENTS  THAT   PAY 


Protect  Your  Idea! 


"2  RC30I^S  FREE   "Fortunes  in  Patents — What  and  How  to  Invent,"  and  hand- 
some 61-page  Guide  Book. 

Send  sketch  or  photo  or  model  and  full  description  of  your  invention  for  free  report  as 
to  patentability.     Write  for  proof  of  great  successes  of  my  clients. 

I  advertise  my  clients'  U.  S.  patents  for  sale — Special  Offer. 

Prompt    services    and    excellent    testimonials. 
E.  E.  VROOMAN.  Patent  Lawyer  803  F  St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Hotel 
Virginia 


Long  Beach, 
California 


The  most  magnificent  strand  standins:  hostelry  in  the  world,  combining  every  luxury  and 
convenience  of  the  twentieth  century.    Twenty-two   miles   south   of   Los   Angeles.     Thirty 
minutes'  ride  on  Southern  Pacific,  Salt  Lake  and  Pacific  Electric  Railroads. 
Attractions   are    Boating,   Bathing,   Fishing,   Lawn  Tennis,  Golf,  Polo,  Dancing,  Riding,  Motor- 
ing and  other  out-of-door  pastimes. 

American  plan.     Absolutely  fireproof.     Celebrated  Virginia  Orchestra. 

Write  for  illustrated  booklet. 

CARL    STANLEY,    Manager 


■  ■■  I  H  c.... 


PACIFIC 


ELECTRIC 


RAILWAY 

Operates  over    600    miles   of   tracK  and  reacKes 
tHe  most  important  points  in  SoutHern   California 


The  world's  famous  mountain  trolley  trip.    Takes  you  up  5,000  feet  above 
the  sea.    This  is  the  foremost  side  trip    in   California. 


MT.  LOWE 

ftir  A^LI  D/^IKITC  San  Pedro,  (where  connection  is  made  with  steamers  for  Catalina, 
•'K^rkX-t^^  I'V/llllO  San  Diego  and  northern  points),  Long  Beach  (the  Atlantic  City  of 
the  Pacific  Coast),  Naples,  Huntington  Beach,  Newport  and  Balboa.  The  delightful  surf  line 
ride   for   miles  along   the   breakers. 

Pasadena  (the  home  of  Millionaires).  South  Pasadena 
and  Cawston's  Ostrich  Farm.  San  Gabriel  Mission. 
Covina  and  Glendora  (ride  through  the  orange  groves).  Sierra  Madre,  where  the  trail  up 
Mt.  Wilson  begins.  Casa  Verdugo  (on  the  Glendale  Line)  where  the  quaint  old  Spanisli  Res- 
taurant is  located.  Here  Spanish  Dinners  are  served  as  in  days  gone  by. 
For  further  information  and  descriptive  literature,   write   to 

D.  A.  MUNGER,  General  Agent,  Passenger  Department  Pacific  Electric  Ry. 
294'  Pacific  Electric  Bldg.  Los   Angeles,    Cal. 


Other  Points  of  Interest 


ANYVO  THEATRICAL  COLD  CREAM 


prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coating  ;  it  r© 
moves  them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  North  Main  St.,  Loa  Angeles 


THOROUGHLY 
*  protected  by  elec- 
tric automatic  block 
signal  system  insuring 
safety  to  the  traveller* 
Four  routes  to  the  East 

^  Through  sleepers  to 
principal  Eastern  points 
No    change    of    cars* 


Sonthei^n  Pacific 

600  Sotith  Spring  Street 

CORNER  SIXTH 


BDUTHERN 
PACIFIC 


Yosemite 


All  Rail  All  the  Year 


To  the  Heart  of  the  Valley 

An  easy  and  comfortable  trip  to  Nature's 
•  Greatest  Wonders 


miM^ 


ys  %.  ^ 


Side  trips  at  low  rates.  Yo- 
semite to  Wawona  and  the 
wonderful 


Mariposa 
Big  Trees 

See  Special  Yosemite  Represen- 
tative at 

600  South  Spring  Street 
Corner  Sixth 

Southern  Pacific 


On.... 
The  Trail 


Grand 
Canyon 


OF  ARIZONA 

r^N  Bright  Angel  Trail 
^^  trip  to  the  river  —  deep 
down  in  the  earth  a  mile  and 
more  —  you  see  the  history  of 
the  birth  and  physical  devel- 
opment of  this  earth  and  all 
glorified  by  a  rainbow  beauty 
of  color.  Trails  are  open 
the  year  *round. 
Excursion  rates  during  summer 
^  Bear  in  mind  when  going 
East— The... 

CaliiotnisL 
Limited 

is  the  only  exclusively  first 
class  train  to  the  East  via  any 
line.     Our  folders  tell. 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE.  A.P.T.M. 
LOS  ANGELES 


California  Limited 


THE  only  train  to  Chicago  and 
East  exclusively  first  class. 
Perfect  equipment,  dining  car 
service  unmatched,  courteous  em- 
ployes. Stopover  can  be  made  at 
such  unique  places  as  Grand 
Canyon,  Petrified  Forest,  Indian 
Villages — Laguna  and  Acoma — the 
Enchanted  Mesa,  Cliff  Dwellings. 


Our  illustrated  folders  roill  interest  you.        Just  address 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE,  A.  P.  T.  M..  Santa  Fe  Ry. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


SANTA  FE 


ij^  (fji^ekf  JQimledi 


Monday  in  Los  Angeles,  Tuesday  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Wednesday  night  at 
Omaha  and  Thursday  noon  at  Chicago. 

72  hours  in  a  palatial  train  of  electric  lighted  Sleeping  Cars,  Dining  Car  and 
an  Observation- Buffet  Club  Car  where  one  can  enjoy  the  passing  hours. 

What  more  could  be  asked  on  a  journey  to  Chicago? 

Los  Angeles  Limited  runs  every  day  via  Salt  Lake  Route, 
Union  Pacific  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern. 


7 


M  O  N  D  A  V 


T  U  E  5  DA V 


WE  D  N  E:5  day 


TH  U  R J  DAY 


/- 


A   New  Train   to   Salt    Lake    City 

KNOWN  AS  THE 

UTAH  -  CALIFORNIA  SPECIAL 

Will  go  into  service  on  December  first,  leaving  Los  Angeles 
daily  at  2:00  p.  m.  and  arriving  at  Salt  Lake  City  next  day 
at  4:00  p.  m.,  carrying 

Through  Sleepers  to  Butte  and  Denver 

Let  Salt  Lake  Route  Agents  anywhere  tell  you  all  about  it. 
Los  Angeles  office  is  at  60 1  So.  Spring  Street. 


F.  A.  WANN,  General  Traffic  Manager. 


T.  C.  PECK,  General  Passenger  Agent. 


The  Value 
of  Personal  Knowledge 


Personal  knowledge  is  the  winning  factor  in  the  culminating 
contests  of  this  competitive  age  and  when  of  ample  character  it 
places  Its  fortunate  possessor  in  the  front  ranks  of 

The  Well  Informed  of  tKe  \Vorld. 

A  vast  fund  of  personal  knowledge  is  really  essential  to  the 
achievement  of  the  highest  excellence  in  any  held  of  human  effort. 

A  Knowledge  of  Forms,  Knowledge  of  Functions  and 
Knowledge  of  Products  are  all  of  the  utmost  value  and  in  ques- 
tions of  life  and  health  when  a  true  and  wholesome  remedy  is 
desired  it  should  be  remembered  that  Syrup  of  Figs  and  Elixir 
of  Senna,  manufactured  by  the  California  Fig  Syrup  Co.,  is  an 
ethical  product  which  has  met  with  the  approval  of  the  most 
eminent  physician  and  gives  universal  satisfaction,  because  it  is 
a  remedy  of 

Known  Quality,  Known  Excellence  and  Known  Component 
Parts  and  has  won  the  valuable  patronage  of  millions  of  the 
Well  Informed  of  the  world,  who  know  of  their  own  personal 
knowledge  and  from  actual  use  that  it  is  the  first  and  best  of 
family  laxatives,  for  which  no  extravagant  or  unreasonable 
claims  are  made. 

This  valuable  remedy  has  been  long  and  favorably  known 
under  the  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs — and  has  attained  to  world- 
wide acceptance  as  the  most  excellent  family  laxative.  As  its 
pure  laxative  principles,  obtained  from  Senna,  are  well  known  to 
physicians  and  the  Well  Informed  of  the  world  to  be  the  best 
we  have  adopted  the  more  elaborate  name  of — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna — as  more  fully  descriptive  of  the  remedy,  but 
doubtless  it  will  always  be  called  for  by  the  shorter  name  of — 
Syrup  of  Figs — and  to  get  its  beneficial  effects,  always  note,  when 
purchasing  the  full  name  of  the  Company — California  Fig  Syrup 
Co. — printed  on  the  front  of  every  package,  whether  you  call 
for — Syrup  of  Figs — or  by  the  full  name — Syrup  of  Figs  and 
Elixir  of  Senna. 


California  Fig  Syrup  Co. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL., 
LOUISVILLE,  KY.  London'.^Eng.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."  116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


The  Earliest  Land  in  the  United  States 

Must  be  the  Most  Valuable  Land  because  it 
produces  the  earliest  fruits  and  vegetables  and 
has  the  Longest  Growing  Season. 
The  Long  Crowing  Season   is   one   of  the 

many  great  advantages  of  Coachella  Valley,  C«l. 

It  is  Bound  to  Become  the  [arly  Garden  Spot  of  California 

Things  grow  every  day  in  the  year.  The  sun 
shines  360  days.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Easily 
worked  and  holds  water  well. 

The  "crop"  of  agricultural  land  in  California  is  about  all  harvested— and  there  will 
never  be  another  crop.  It  is  a  pity  but  it  is  a  fact.  There  will  be  other  sections  of  the 
United  States  opened  up,  but  they  have  not  and  never  will  have  the  many  advantages 
that  Southern  California  offers.  Agricultural  land  in  Southern  California  commands 
the  highest  prices  and  it  always  will,  and  why?  Because  they  net  the  greatest  re- 
turns by  producing  the  most  when  the  prices  are  the  highest.  Land  that  will  grow 
oranges  that  can  be  sold  on  the  Eastern  markets  in  November  or  December  for  $4 
to  $5  a  box,  is  worth  twice  as  much  as  land  that  produces  oranges  in  January  or 
February  that  sell  for  $2  to  $3.  It  is  the  same  with  all  other  fruits  and  vegetables. 
If  Redlands  orange  groves  are  worth  $1500  per  acre,  Coachella  groves  ought  to  be 
worth  a  good  deal  more.  Water  is  plentiful,  the  soil  is  of  the  very  best,  the  product 
is  superior,  the  market  is  nearer,  no  damaging  frosts  and  above  all  the  season  is 
four  to  eight  weeks  earlier.  These  are  acknowledged  facts.  That  is  why  Redlands 
and  Riverside  orange  growers  are  buying  land  in  Coachella  Valley. 

The  Conchilla  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co. 

was  organized  to  acquire  and  develop  these  lands.  No  land  will  be  placed  on  the 
market  until  it  is  fully  improved  and  on  a  good  paying  basis.  We  have  no  land  for 
sale  now  but  will  have  by  November  or  December.  We  are  now  developing  water 
for  a  200-acre  tract.  Grapes,  oranges,  etc.,  are  growing  on  a  part  of  this  tract.  We 
have  arranged  to  plant  70  acres  to  alfalfa  in  September  and  cut  one  crop  this  year. 
This  land  produces  NINE  cuttings  a  year  of  from  one  to  two  tons  per  cutting. 
Where  is  there  a  better  place  to  grow  alfalfa?  The  company  will  harvest  the  alfalfa 
while  the  lands  remain  in  their  possession,  the  proceeds  from  which  will  pay  all  ex- 
penses and  a  good  dividend  on  the  stock.  It  increases  the  value  of  the  land.  The 
purchasers  of  the  land  will  have  a  good  paying  proposition  from  the  day  they  buy. 
The  land  will  be  sold  in  5-acre  or  larger  tracts  with  a  perpetual  water  right.  One 
share   of  water   goes   with   each   acre   of  land. 

While  we  have  no  land  for  sale  just  yet,  we  have  something  better,  something 
that  you  can  convert  into  land  at  your  pleasure  and  at  an  increased  value.  It  is  the 
CAPITAL  STOCK  of  the  company,  convertible  into  land  as  soon  as  we  have  land  for 
sale.  The  company  will  exchange  land  for  Convertible  Stock,  giving  $125  worth  of 
land  (market  value)  for  each  share.  Under  this  provision  of  the  by-laws  this  stock 
is  worth  at  least  $125  as  soon  as  the  company  has  land  for  sale  and  it  should  be 
worth  much  more  as  it  shares  in  the  profits  of  the  company.  There  is  no  bonded 
indebtedness.  The  stock  has  first  lien  on  the  entire  property  and  is  secured  by  over 
$200  worth  of  land  per  share.  There  are  only  250  shares  of  Convertible  Stock  to  be 
issued  and  half  of  this  has  already  been  sold.  The  other  block  of  stock  will  NOT  be 
convertible. 

PRICE  AND  TERMS:— We  now  oflfer.  subject  to  sale,  about  120  shares  ($12,000) 
of  this  Convertible  Capital  Stock  at  par — $100.  Those  desiring  to  do  so  can  pay 
$27.50  per  share  with  subscription  and  balance  in  three  equal  monthly  payments  of 
$25.     Subscription  blanks,  descriptive  circulars  and  detail  information  can  be  secured  of 

Conchilla  Valley  Mutual  Development  Co.  Coachella,  Cal. 

E..   G.   Hamilton,  Sec'y-Treas.,  3llO   Budlon^  Ave.,   Los  Angeles,  C«L 
E.   O.    Burdon    CO.  Co.»    Colman   Sldg.,    Seattle,    W^ash. 


IL 


iOiieai^cxxsi^OiiOixx^cai^cx 


9 


8 


WHENEVER  you  treat  — 
make  it  a  box  of  "Rough 
House."  Thirty  different  kinds 
of  centers — none  cream.  Thick, 
rich,  chocolate  coating. 

Pennants  Free 

^  In  every  box  of  "Rough  House  " 
you  will  find  a  coupon.  Send  us  two 
of  these  coupons  and  we  will  send 
you  a  "Rough  House  Chocolate" 
pennant  /ree,  for  your  room. 

BISHOP  &  COMPANY 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNLA 


\ 


\ 


\ 


This  Trademark 

used  only  for  the 

1 

GENUINE 

IB  A  K  E  R'S 

COCOA  AND 

CHOCOLATE 

Look  for  it  on  all 

Registered, 
U.  S.  Fat.  Off, 

your  purchases 

Send  for  free 

recipe  book,  finely  illustrated 

Walter  Baker  k  Go.  Ltd. 

EsUbluhed  1780 

Dorchester,  Mass. 

'fM 


Choose 
Your  Oil  As  Yon 
Woiil^  Your  Car 

Imperfect  lubrication  Causes 
more  trouble,  more  expense, 
more  breakdowns  than  any- 
thmg  else  about  your  car. 
There'll  be  no  carbon 
deposit  to  foul  the  cylinder 
and  spark-slugs,  no  friction, 
no   oil   troubles   if    you  get 

ZEROLENE 

Auto  Lubricating  OU 

You  can  count  on  perfect  Inbrica- 
tion  at  all  times,  under  all  conditions, 
entire  freeiloiii  from  trouble  with 
carbon  deposits,  and  increased 
power  from  your  engine. 

Zerolene  is  niadein one graile  only, 
for  all  tuprt  of  (yliuders  and  bear- 
ings. Produced  only  in  one  iilace  in 
the  world.  I'ut  up  in  sealed  cans 
with  patent  spout  that  cannot  he  re- 
filled. Also  in  barrels  for  garage 
trade.  .Sold  bv  dealers  everywhere. 
Write  for  booklet,  "21,000  miles  -with 
Zerolene";  Kree. 

STANDARD   OIL   COMPANY, 

(Incorporated) 


Gb 


J 


ig'ated 
Farms 


OF  FIVE  ACRES 
AND  UPWARDS 

in  the  Countiet  of 

Ftesno  and  Merced 
California 

MILLER  AND  LUX 

Los  Banost    Merced     Cottnty 
California 


vose 


have  been  established  over  60  years.  By  our  «ysteiM 
of  paymentsevery  family  in  moderate  circumttances 
can  own  a  VOSE  piano.  We  take  old  instrumcMts 
in  exchansre  and  deliver  the  new  piavo  Ih  yo«r 

home  free  of  expense.    Write  for  Catalosrue  D  and  explanations. 

VOSE  &i  SONS  PIANO  CO  ,  Boaton.  M«««. 


PIANOS 


DECEMBER,  1909 


Vol.  XXXI,  No.  5 


i.i,j|piPH>.gr-  ^8^3^ 


mmsBBismiSattMmm 


OUT  WEST 


MAGAZ.1NE 


EUCALYPTUS  NUMBER 


"y^ 


"^  f 


25 


_    PER 
C. COPY 


LOS  ANGELES,  CA 

MASON  OPERA  HOU 


PER 
YEAR 


Irrig'ated 
Farms 


OF  FIVE  ACRES 
AND  UPWARDS 

in  the  Counties  of 

Fresno  and  Merced 
California 

MILLER  AND  LUX 

Los  Banost    Merced     Cownty 
California 


EUCALYPTUS 
Timber  Groves 

Pay  33 14  Per  Cent 


Interest  Compounded  Annually. 
We  are  planting  orange  land 
to  Eucalyptus  because  it  will 
produce  the  largest  trees  in 
the  shortest  time.  The  soil  is 
rich,  deep  and  fertile. 
The  location  and  climatic 
conditions  are  ideal.  On  rail- 
road, near  to  Los  Angeles. 
We  are  selling  groves  for  $180 
per  acre  cash  or  $200  per  acre 
on  easy  terms.  The  price  in- 
cludes planting,  replacing,  cul- 
tivating, irrigating,  permanent 
supervision  and  other  care. 
Send  for  Our  Free  Booklet,  48 
pages  handsomely  illustrated. 
Tells  all  about  the  indu.stry. 
Before  buying  you  sliould  see 
it. 


Eucalyptus  Syndicate 

327  W.  3rd  St.        Lot  Aogeles,  Cal. 

HomeA-3307 Phones: Main  8561 


'.-'^'^J  *~i~ 


NAVAJO      BLANKETS 

AND     INDIAN     CURIOS     AT    W^HOLESALE, 

I  have  more  than  250  ■weavers  in  my  employ,  including  the  most  skilful  now 
living,  and  have  taken  the  greatest  pains  to  preserve  the  old  colors,  patterns, 
and  weaves.  Every  blanket  sold  by  me  carries  my  personal  guarantee  of  its 
quality.  In  dealing  with  me,  you  will  get  the  very  finest  blankets  at  wholesale 
prices.  I  also  handle  the  products  of  the  Hopi  (Moqui)  Indians,  buying  them  un- 
der contract  with  the  trading  posts  at  Keam's  Canyon  and  Oraibi  and  selling 
them    at    wholesale. 

I  have  constantly  a  very  fine  selection  of  Navajo  silverware  and  jewelry, 
Navajo  "rubies"  cut  and  uncut,  peridots  and  native  turquois.  Also  the  choicest 
modern  Moqui  pottery,  and  a  rare  collection  of  prehistoric    pottery. 


J.  L.  HUBBELL,  '"'"'"  Tr.de, 


Write  for  my  Catalogue 
and  Price  List 


Ganado,  Apache  Co.,  Arizona 


Maier  Brewing  Company's 

''Select" 'IBeer 


TvjotED 

-••^    Purity 


for  its  Age, 
and  Strength. 
All  shipments  by  bottles  or 
kegs  promptly  filled.  Family 
trade  a  specialty.      ::     ::     :: 


:  OFFICE  AND  BREWERY  i 


440  Aliso  Street,      Los  Angeles 

BOTH  PHONES:   Exchange  91 


^be  (Berman  Savings 
anb  Xoan  Societ^e 

The  (German  Bank) 
[A  member  d  the  Ataodated  Savin«s  Banb  oi  San  Frandtco] 

526  California  St.t  San  Francisco^  CaL 


Guaranteed  Capital 
Capital  actually  paid  up  in  cash 
Reserve  and  Contingent  Funds 
Deposits  June  30.  1909     . 
Total  Assets 


$  1.200.000.00 
$  1.000.000.00 
$  1.504.498.68 
$36,793,234.04 
$39,435,681.38 


Remittance  may  be  made  by  Draft.  Post  Office,  or 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Go's.  Money  Orders,  or  coin  by  Ex- 
press. 

Office  Hours:  10  o'clock  A.  M.  to  3  o'clock  P.  M., 
except  Saturdays  to  12  o'clock  M.  and  Saturday  eve- 
nings from  6.30  o'clock  P.  M.  to  8  o'clock  P.  M.,  for 
receipt  of  deposits  only. 

OFFICERS:  President.  N.  Ohlandt;  First  Vice- 
President,  Daniel  Meyer;  Second  Vice-President  Emil 
Rohte;  Cashier,  A.  H.  R.  Schmidt;  Assistant  Cashier, 
William  Herrmann;  Secr<*tary,  George  Toumy;  As- 
sistant Secretary,  A.  H.  Muller;  Goodfellow  &  Eells, 
General  Attorneys. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS:  N.  Ohlandt,  Daniel 
Meyer.  Emil  Rohte.  Ign.  Steinhardt,  I.  N.  Walter,  J. 
W.  Van  Bergen.  F.  Tillmann,  jr..  E.  T.  Kruse  and  W. 
S.  GoodfHlow. 

MISSION  BRANCH,  2572  Mission  Street,  be- 
tween 21st  and  22nd  Street.  For  receipt  and  payment 
of  Deposits  onlv.  C.  W.  Heyer,  Manager. 

RICHMOND  DISTRICT  BRANCH.  432  Clement  St.. 
between  5th  and  6th  Avenues.  For  receipt  and  pay- 
ment of  Deposits  only.    W.  C.  Heyer.  Manager, 


•? 


IS  THE  CLOTHES  QUESTION 
— a  very  important  part  towards 
Success. 

^  To  look  successful  means  that 
half  the  battle  has  been  won. 
^  If  we   get  you  into  one  of  our 
Suits  you  will  not  only  look  the  part, 
but  also  feel  it. 

MttUm  $c  lluftl 

(Elotliing  (Eomtiang 

CORNER  SPRING  &  FIRST   STREETS 
LOS  ANGELES.  CAL. 

"The    Quality    Store" 


WANTED,  FARMERS 

We  want  good  Farmers,  to  take  some  of  the  Fertile  Lands  in  the 

Valley  Vie^W  Colony        Kern  County,  California 

To  farmers  who  will  Improve  and  farm  their  lands  at  once,  we  will  sell,  from  10  acres  up. 
with  perfect  title,  of  fine,  level  land,  rich  loam  soil  in  the  proven  water  belt;  close  to 
schools,  stores,  etc..  at  only 


$20.00  PER  ACRE 


On  terms  of  one-half  cash,  balance  on  long  time.     We   will   also   assist  good   parties.    In   the 
(    development  of  water  and  erection  of  new  homes,    planting    of '  trees,    etc.      These    lands    are 
adapted  to  the  plroductlon  of 

FRUITS.  ALFALFA  and  GRAINS 

!  of  the  highest  quality,  and  are  absolutely  the  only  good  lands  yet  for  sale  In  Southern  Call- 
I  fornla  at  Low  Prices.  Climate,  high  and  healthful.  Pure  mountain  water  to  be  had  In  abun- 
1    dance.     Main  line  Southern  Pacific  only  3%  hours  from  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

See  lis  at  onee,  as  this  offer  will  not  appear  again 

Western  Irrigation  Land  Bureau 


Water  Bearing  Lands  at  Colony  Prices 

SlTTTfC    514  MprcbantH   Trnat   Baildina: 


207  So.  Broadway 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Jnmt  uwtr.  '^  aaw  yonr  ad.  In  **OW  W^BST  MAGAZlJiKf 


Out  West  Magazine    Company 

IV.  S.  D INSHORE,  General  Manager 

IV.  B.  MOSELEY,  L.   V.  CORTELYOU, 

Mgr.  Advg.  Dept.  Mgr.  Circulation  Dept. 

PUBLISHERS  OF 

OUT  WEST 

Edited  by  CHARL  TON  LA  WRENCE  ED  HOLM 


Published  Monthly  at  I^os  Angeles,  California 
Entered    at    the    Los    Angeles   Postofflce  as   Second-class   Matter. 


A  ^■.r^..^;^;*^*^    Ds&tAfi  "^^^"^  '3*  cheerfully  furnished  on  application.     Special  dis- 

yTLaverilSing  lS.aiC»  .  .  counts  allowed  on  3,  6  and  12  month  contracts.  Ratea 
of  cover-pages  and  other  preferred  spaces  (when  available)  will  be  named  on  application. 
The  publishers  reserve  the     right   to   decline  any  advertising  not  considered  desirable. 

Size  of  column  2V^x8  inches — two  columns  to  the  page.  Last  advertising  form  closes  on 
the  15th  of  month  preceding  date  of  issue.  Advertisers  are  earnestly  requested  to  instruct 
as  early  as  the  5th  whenever  possible. 

Q.-l-A^vioti/^v^     P««i*-*»  '3-®°  *  y®*""  delivered  post-free    to    any    point    In    the 

OuOSCripilOn  rrice  .  .  united  states,  Canada,  Cuba  or  Mexico.  |3.75  a  year  to 
any  other  country. 

All  manuscript,  and  other  matter  requiring  the  attention  of  the  editor,  should  be 
addressed  to  him.  All  letters  about  subscriptions,  advertising  or  other  business,  should  be 
addressed 

OUT  WEST  MAGAZINE  COMPANY 
3J2-3J6  Mason  Opera  House  Bldg;.,  Los  Angeles,  California 


Contents — December,  1  909 


Eucalyptus,  The  Hardwood  of  the  Present,  111.,  by  George    Eugene    Fairhead 953 

The  Trail,  poem,  by  Zoe  Hartman 965 

Tyuonyi,  poem,  Illustrated,  by  John  P.  Harrington 967 

Find  of  Fossil  Bones  at  Los  Angeles,  111.,  by  Sidney  H.  Moore 969 

The    Sequoia    League 981 

Music,  Literature,  Drama,  Art 990 

The  Peon  and  The  Engineer,  story,  by  Joseph  B.  Ames    993 

The  Passing  of  the  Warders,  poem,  by  Lillian  H.  Shuey    1000 

The  Fabulous,  serial,  by  R.  C.  Pitzer 1001 

The  Call  of  the  Roundup,  poem,  by  Jessie  Davies  Willdy   1010 

School-Days  on  the  Hassayampa,  serial,  by  Laura  Tilden  Kent 1011 

Seeing  America,  department.  Illustrated,  by  George  D.  Heisley 1017 

Kings  County,  Calif.,  by  N.  C.  Blanchard 1017 

What  Irrigation  Did  For  Fresno,  by  Wm.  Robertson    1021 

The  Story  of  Porterville,  by  John  T.  Goolrick,  Jr 1037 

Visalia,  Calif.,  by  Ben  M.  Maddox 1043 

Slumber  Song,  poem,  by  Eunice  Ward 1049 


19  10 


OUT  WEST 
1910 

Watchword: 

"Something  Doing" 

OUT  WEST 
1910 

Feature  Articles 

that  Spell  "Dollars." 


OUT  WEST 
1910 

Fiction  with  a 

Snap  and  Vim. 

OUT  WEST 
1910 

The  NetD  Serial 

a    Winner. 


OUT  WEST  is  the  magazine  you  need  for  information 
about  a  live  section  of  our  country.  "Something  Doing 
Out  West"  is  our  watchword.  Many  big  propositions 
are  being  developed  out  here,  and  we  are  going  to  let 
you  know. 

OUT  WEST  will  run  a  big  illustrated  article  each  month 
on  some  new  .  industry  or  significant  development  of 
Western  resources.  These  articles  are  of  general  in- 
terest to  all,  and  spell  "dollars"  to  the  alert. 

OUT  WEST  has  a  certain  literary  prestige  which  will 
be  maintained.  We  will  feature  the  work  of  new  West- 
ern writers,  who  put  some  of  the  snap  and  vim  of  the 
West  into  their  fiction.  We  have  some  corking  good 
business  stories  for  early  use. 

OUT  WEST  will  follow  up  R.  C.  Pitzer's  clever  serial 
with  another  winner,  touching  another  side  of  "the  ro- 
mantic West." 


OUT  WEST  OUT  WEST  cuts  its  subscription  price  for  1910.    One- 

1910  fifty  instead  of  three  dollars  is  the  price  for  1910,  but 

Doubles  ^^J^*;^*,^^^^^  the  value  of  the  magazine  will  be  doubled. 

$1 .50  And  now,  it's  up  to  you! 


OUT  WEST 
1910 

Jl    Word    to 

Advertisers. 


OUT  WEST  in  1909  was  a  $3.00  magazine,  and  though 
the  markets  were  full  of  $1.50  magazines  OUT  WEST 
subscribers  paid  $3.00  cheerfully  for  what  they  wanted. 
You  see,  it's  not  a  question  of  "how  cheap,"  but  "how 
good,"  with  our  people.  Don't  you  think  they  are  worth 
cultivating? 


k§®]ffi  (Dip)©m  IHI®iiB§®  ISMgo  L®§  Ain^gste,  Cdlc 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."   116  E.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


A  Bwtk  Witk  New  Meu 

Scientific  Living 

FOR  PROLONGING  THE 
TERM  OF  HUMAN  LIFE 

The  New  Domestic  Science 

Coekinf  to  simplify  living  and  retain  the 

LIFE  ELEMENTS  IN  FOOD 

By  Laura  Nettleton  Bro^rn 

This  work  represents  new  views  on  the  Health 
question,  especially  as  related  to  food.  It  treats 
of  the  life  in  food,  showing  that  in  its  prepara- 
tion by  the  usual  methods  the  life-giving  vital- 
ity Is  destroyed;  that  is,  the  organic  elements 
become  inorganic.  It  also  shows  that  food 
which  cannot  be  used  uncooked  can  be  rendered 
palatable  and  digestible  without  destroying  its 
food  value.  The  reason  is  clearly  stated  and 
recipes  and  directioris  for  cooking,  with  menus 
for  a  balanced  diet,  are  given.  A  clear  line  of 
distinction  is  shown  between  food  and  stimu- 
lants or  drugs.  It  treats  of  the  chemistry  of 
food  in  a  way  that  is  easily  understood  and 
made  practical,  and  should  be  read  by  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  maintenance  of  health  and 
longevity  and  by  students  and  teachers  of  do- 
mestic science,  by  whom  its  new  and  practical 
ideas  will  be  appreciated.  300  pp.  Cloth.  $1.00, 
with  Health-Culture  one  year  $1.50. 

THE  HEALTH-CULTURE  CO., 

421  ST.  James  BIdg.,  New  York. 

N.  B. — A  sample  copy  of  Health -Culture  and 
list  of  books  on  Scientific  Living  SENT  FREE.  . 


TRAFFIC  IN  GIRLS 


Following  the  startling  expose  in  Mc- 
Clnre's  and  Current  Literature,,  comes 
President  Taft's  message,  urging  the  en- 
actment of  more  stringent  laws  against 
the  importation  of  women  for  Immoral 
purposes.  It  is  admitted  by  well-informed 
men  that  in  our  so-called  land  of  liberty 
there  flourishes  an  interstate  and  interna- 
tional trade  In  "white  slaves." 

It  has  taken  nearly  a  score  of  years  to 
make  the  public  realize  that  such  appall- 
ing conditions  exist;  that  the  most  revolt- 
ing form  of  human  slavery  disgraces  most 
of  our  great  cities. 

The  first  book  to  tell  the  truth  about 
these  conditions  was  written  at  the  direc- 
tion of  the  late  Chas.  N.  Crittenton,  found- 
er of  the  Florence  Missions.  For  many 
years  this  little  volume  has  spread  the 
facts  that  are  now  generally  admitted. 
The  low  price  of  the  book  (thirty  cents, 
postpaid,)  was  intentional:  It  tvhs  vrrltten 
to  arouse  public  sentiment.  The  book, 
"Traffic  in   Girls,"   may  be   ordered   of  the 

TRAFFIC  PUBLISHING  CO. 


P.O.Box  625,  Station  C 


LOS  ANGELES,  Cal. 


$25  to  $T5  a  Week  for 
Business     Builders 


OUR  Association  is  engaged  in  a  co 
undertaking  to  add  at  least  100,0 
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BuDS^  Blossoms  and  Fruit,  Eucalyptus  Globulus 


thE.nation  back  of  us,  the  world  in  front 


mmm  I  Tab? » 


OufWcST 


I  i 


Vol.  XXXI     No.  5  DtCEMBER.   1909 

EUCALYPTUS,  THE  HARDWOOD  OF  THE 

PRESENT 

By  GEORGE  EUGENE  F AIRHEAD. 

EAUTIFUL  indeed  are  the  pictures  found  in 
eucalyptus  wood,  and  true  are  the  words  of 
Alfred  James  McClatchie.    We  all  regret  that 
he  coidd  not  be  spared  to  us,  to  this  work  and 
'\j  to  the  nation,  but  while  he  lived  he  worked,  and 
/i  the  results  of  his  careful  investigations  are  of  in- 
finitely more  interest  and  benefit  now  than  dur- 
ing his  lifetime. 

Air.  McClatchie's  work  in  the  interest  of  eucalyp- 
tus was  begun  about  1890,  when  he  became  the 
I  \|  \  valued  assistant  of  Honorable  Abbot  Kinney  in  preparing 
^  ^  data  for  Mr.  Kinney's  botanical  work,  "Eucalyptus,"  de- 
scriptive of  the  species  found  in  California.  At  that  time  the  seeds 
which  came  from  Australia  were  very  badly  mixed,  with  the  result 
that  trees  grown  from  them  were  misnamed  and  their  identification 
was  difficult.  Mr.  McClatchie  possessed  a  very  large  and  valuable 
microscope,  and  this,  together  with  copies  of  Baron  Von  Mueller's 
"Eucalyptographia,"  and  other  eucalyptus  publications,  were  loaded 
into  the  road  wagon  in  which  the  two  men  traveled  over  California^ 
studying  the  trees  wherever  found,  and  writing  their  identifications. 
The  book  was  published  in  1895.  Mr.  McClatchie  obtained  all  the 
photographs  used  in  this  publication,  and  became  so  interested  in 
the  eucalypts  that  he  was  appointed  Agriculturist  and  Horticulturist 
of  the  Arizona  Experiment  Station  at  Phoenix,  where  he  continued 
his  study  of  eucalyptus  and  prepared  the  copy  for  Bulletin  No.  35, 
entitled  "Eucalypts  Cultivated  in  the  United  States,"  issued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Forestry  in  1902. 

The  article  from  his  pen,  which  appeared  in  the  Out  West  Maga- 
zine for  May,  1904,  reprinted  November,  1909,  was  at  first  glance  a 
description  of  species,  but  in  reality  was  a  prophecy  regarding  the 
advent  of  the  genus  Eucalyptus  into  commerce.  Four  and  a  half 
years  ago  he  penned  the  following  words : 


fe 


t3 


< 

PQ 


The  Mature  Eucalypt 


956 


our   WES r 


Eucalyptus  Timber  Seasoning 

"Collectively,  then,  the  various  species  of  eucalypts  are  destined  to 
play  a  very  prominent  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Southwest,  their  role 
being  the  clothing  of  the  naked  unproductive  portions  with  garments 
of  beauty  and  utility ;  the  tempering  of  the  winds  and  the  rays  of  the 
sun ;  the  yielding  of  hon